{"id":503,"date":"2022-08-05T15:35:03","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T15:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=503"},"modified":"2024-07-24T07:43:55","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T07:43:55","slug":"arnold-toynbee-rojhilat-pisti-lozane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/arnold-toynbee-rojhilat-pisti-lozane\/","title":{"rendered":"Arnold Toynbee: Rojhilat pi\u015ft\u00ee Lozan\u00ea"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ji h\u00eala p\u00ean\u00fbsa Arnold J. Toynbee \/ \u00celon 1923<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015e\u00eerove \u00fb nirxandin: HIS\u00caN CIMO<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

D\u00eeroknas\u00ea Br\u00eetan\u00ee Arnold Toynbee ev gotar pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00eemzekirina Peymana Lozan\u00ea li Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea di 24\u00ea T\u00eermeha 1923an de niv\u00eesand. Nim\u00fbneyek ji gotar\u00ea di kovara Amer\u00eek\u00ee Foreign Affairs de hat we\u015fandin \u00fb di \u00celona 1923an de, di kovar\u00ea de hatiye ar\u015f\u00eevkirin. Ango pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00eemzekirina peyman\u00ea k\u00eamtir\u00ee du mehan. Toynbee dema gotara xwe diniv\u00eesand 37 sal\u00ee b\u00fb \u00fb di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de wek d\u00eeroknasek\u00ee nedihat naskirin \u00fb n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee atmosfera siyaseta Rojhilata Nav\u00een a Br\u00eetanyay\u00ea b\u00fb, ji sala 1915an ve di be\u015fa \u00eestixbarat\u00ea ya Wezareta Derve ya Br\u00eetanyay\u00ea de kar dikir, \u00fb wek\u00ee n\u00fbner\u00ea heyeta Br\u00eetan\u00eeyay\u00ea di konferansa Par\u00ees Peace 1919 de, weke mamostey\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean B\u00eezans\u00ee \u00fb Yewnan\u00ee y\u00ean n\u00fbjen li zan\u00eengeha London\u00ea xebit\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Ji sala 1921an heta 1922an ve, di dema \u015eer\u00ea Yewnan-Tirk\u00ee de n\u00fb\u00e7egihan\u00ea rojnameya Manchester Guardian b\u00fb, serp\u00eahatiyeke ku b\u00fb sedema niv\u00eesandina gelek gotar\u00ean li ser Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb Y\u00fbnanistan\u00ea di rojnamey\u00ean Br\u00eetan\u00ee de. Kes\u00ea ku \u00e7end gotar\u00ean w\u00ee bi\u015fop\u00eene, w\u00ea were zan\u00een ku ew di sal\u00ean \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem \u00fb heta dawiya \u015eer\u00ea Rizgariy\u00ea di sala 1922-an de, ji n\u00ear\u00eena dijminatiya Tirkiy\u00ea derbas\u00ee t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina \u201cneteweperestiya tirk\u201d \u00fb p\u00eakvejiyana w\u00ea b\u00fbye. Di dewleteke serbixwe de bi hem\u00fb tedb\u00eer\u00ean ku ji bo v\u00ea yek\u00ea hewce dike, heta guhartina nasnamey\u00ean neheq \u00ean di navbera Yewnan\u00ea \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea de raz\u00eeb\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Ji ber ku Tirkiya \u00a0di p\u00eavajoya avab\u00fbn\u00ea de b\u00fb, li gor\u00ee teoriya w\u00ee ya avakirina dewletan li ser s\u00eenor\u00ean netewey\u00ee b\u00fb \u00fb dev ji fikra s\u00eenor\u00ean xwezay\u00ee berdab\u00fb, ji ber ku netew-dewlet di daxwaza berfirehb\u00fbn\u00ea de, li hember\u00ee hev s\u00eenordar e. Di \u00e7apemeniy\u00ea de r\u00eaklama Tirkan dikir, dijberiya w\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea Yewnan\u00ee ve xuya dikir, di dawiy\u00ea de Yewnan\u00ee\u00a0 bi ser ketin \u00fb ew ji kursiya l\u00eakol\u00eena d\u00eeroka Yewnan\u00ee \u00fb B\u00eezans\u00ea ya Zan\u00eengeha London\u00ea derxistin. Bi gelemper\u00ee, jiyannameya w\u00ee di avakirina helwestan de zind\u00eeb\u00fbnek\u00ea diafr\u00eene. Ew di reng\u00ea guheztin \u00fb derbeyan de xuya dike, wek\u00ee di rew\u015fa Yewnan \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea de, \u00fb her wiha p\u00ea\u015fniyara w\u00ee ya di sala 1936-an de ji Wezareta Derve ya Br\u00eetanyay\u00ea re ku n\u00ear\u00eena Adolf Hitler di ramana hevalbendiya Alman-Br\u00eetan\u00ee de cid\u00ee bigire dest \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee helwesta xwe ya li ser Siyon\u00eezm\u00ea, ew ji te\u015fw\u00eeqkirina ko\u00e7beriya Cih\u00fbyan ber bi Filist\u00een\u00ea ve di sala 1917an de derbas\u00ee qonaxeke n\u00fb b\u00fb. Di sala 1922an de veguher\u00ee aliy\u00ea Filist\u00een\u00ea, ev yek j\u00ee ji ber ku ew ket bin bandora teza \u015fandeyeke ereb\u00ee ya ku serdana London\u00ea kirib\u00fb. Ew heta sala 1975 de, sala mirina w\u00ee, pi\u015ftgiriya doza Filist\u00een\u00ea dikir.<\/p>\n

Helwesta w\u00ee ya li hember Kurdan n\u00eene, \u00a0tev\u00ee \u00a0ku xebata w\u00ee di sal\u00ean xeternak a di doza Osman\u00ee de b\u00fb, l\u00ea Kurdan bala Toynbee nek\u015fandiye. Di sala 1915\u2019an de be\u015fdar\u00ee belgekirina \u015fahidiy\u00ean qirkirina hovane ya li dij\u00ee Ermeniyan b\u00fb \u00fb rapora xwe ya bi nav\u00ea \u201cKu\u015ftina neteweyek\u00ea\u201d p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee Mecl\u00eesa Lordan kir. Dikare b\u00ea zan\u00een ku hem\u00fb guhertin\u00ean ku d\u00eeroknas\u00ea Br\u00eetan\u00ee t\u00ea de derbas b\u00fbye, ji xwendin \u00fb zan\u00een\u00ea w\u00eadetir di bin bandora hevd\u00eetin\u00ean kesane de maye \u00fb belk\u00ee beriya Lozan\u00ea bi kesayetiyek Kurd a bi giraniya \u015e\u00eax Ebdulqadir Nehr\u00ee an j\u00ee Se\u00eed El Kurd\u00ee (Nurs\u00ee),re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb r\u00fbni\u015fta. Belk\u00ee di derbar\u00ea Kurdan \u00fb doza wan de xwed\u00ee n\u00ear\u00eeneke berfireh bib\u00fbya.Her\u00ee daw\u00ee di peyman\u00ea de ti\u015ftek\u00ee bi nav\u00ea \u201cbend\u00ean ve\u015fart\u00ee\u201d tineye \u00fb \u00ee\u015faret\u00ean Serokomar\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea Recep Tayy\u00eep Erdogan \u00ean derbar\u00ee s\u00eenordarkirina peymana Lozan\u00ea ji bo 100 salan, ji bil\u00ee l\u00eestoka siyas\u00ee ya girsey\u00ea ne ti\u015ftek\u00ee din e.<\/p>\n

Peymana Lozan\u00ea ya ku ev made behsa w\u00ea dike, ew bingeheke qan\u00fbn\u00ee ye ji bo derketina Rojhilata Nav\u00een bi \u015fikl\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea \u00eeroy\u00een, ku t\u00ea de s\u00eenor\u00ean navbera Tirkiye \u00fb Yunan\u00eestan\u00ea, s\u00eenor\u00ean welat\u00ean Balkanan, er\u00eakirina Peymana Enqerey\u00ea ya li ser s\u00eenor\u00ean di navbera Fransa, erka S\u00fbriye \u00fb Tirkiyey\u00ea \u00fb mijara M\u00fbsil\u00ea de biryar hat girtin. Di v\u00ea peyman\u00ea de dosya kurdan di refikan de hat dan\u00een \u00fb mijara qirkirina Ermeniyan qetandin.<\/p>\n

Ji aliy\u00ea akadem\u00eek ve Peymana Lozan\u00ea ji bo her kes\u00ea ku dixwaze bikeve c\u00eehana siyaset\u00ea alfabeya siyas\u00ee ye. Em di v\u00ea gotar\u00ea \u00fb gelek gotar\u00ean din \u00ean w\u00ea serdem\u00ea de dib\u00eenin ku doza Kurd \u00fb Ermeniyan nay\u00ean \u015f\u00eerovekirin, ji ber ku d\u00eeplomasiya navnetewey\u00ee bi lez \u00fb bez ji wan d\u00fbr ket \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee radest\u00ee Tirkiy\u00ea kirin, b\u00eay\u00ee ti astengiy\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee li ser wan tevbigere. Her \u00e7iqas ev gotar di bingeha xwe de ji 5000 peyvan z\u00eadetir be j\u00ee, mirov texm\u00een dike ku t\u00ea de r\u00eazik\u00ean li ser Kurdan bib\u00eene, l\u00ea xwendevan wan r\u00eazikan di v\u00ea gotar\u00ea de nab\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Be\u015f\u00ean gotar\u00ea di war\u00ea tekn\u00eek\u00ee de li ser \u00eeht\u00eemala berfirehkirina s\u00eenor\u00ea Yewnan\u00eay\u00ee siyas\u00ee \u00fb nakokiy\u00ean navxwey\u00ee y\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee derbeya le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna Anatolyay\u00ea, hatine kurtkirin.<\/p>\n

Zelalkirin bi gotar\u00ea re hatin gir\u00eadan \u00fb ketin nav kevanek\u00ea (..) \u00fb serenav li mijar\u00ean sereke hatin z\u00eadekirin.<\/p>\n

Li j\u00ear naveroka gotara: Rojhilat pi\u015ft\u00ee Lozan\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

He\u015ft meh pi\u015ft\u00ee lidarxistina konferans\u00ea \u00fb z\u00eadetir\u00ee neh meh j\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00eemzekirina agirbesta Mudanyay\u00ea, daw\u00ee li peymana a\u015ftiy\u00ea li Lozan\u00ea hat \u00eemzekirin. Agirbest b\u00fbyera her\u00ee gir\u00eeng b\u00fb di war\u00ea nehi\u015ftina \u015fer de, \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee ku ev gav hat bidestxistin, \u00ead\u00ee metirsiyek rast nema ku t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean d\u00eeplomat\u00eek bibe sedema n\u00fbkirina \u015fer, Her \u00e7end ew bi rast\u00ee ti\u015ft\u00ea ku ne gengaz b\u00fb ku p\u00ea\u015fb\u00eeniya w\u00ea keng\u00ea biqede.<\/p>\n

Niha kar\u00ea d\u00eeplomatan bi daw\u00ee b\u00fbye, a\u015ftiyeke ba\u015f an xerab p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee me kirine? Bersiva pirs\u00ea bi wateya peyva “ba\u015f” ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Ji xwendevan\u00ea normal re, b\u00ea guman peymanek a\u015fitiy\u00ea, m\u00eena romanek an l\u00eestikek, bi qas\u00ee ku hevgirt\u00ee \u00fb zelal t\u00ea qeb\u00fbl kirin \u00fb ev taybetmend\u00ee bi gelemper\u00ee bi kesayeta niv\u00eeskar ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Li gel ku peymana a\u015ftiy\u00ea ya ba\u015f, berevaj\u00ee piraniya w\u00eajeya \u00a0ba\u015f, div\u00ea bi hewcey\u00ee berhema hevkariy\u00ea be.<\/p>\n

Di rastiy\u00ea de, zelalb\u00fbna tevah\u00ee \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean peyman\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku yek ji aliyan gelek daxwaz\u00ean xwe hene. M\u00eenak Peymana S\u00eavr\u00ea t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbneke d\u00eeplomat\u00eek a karesatbar b\u00fb ji ber ku n\u00ear\u00eena yek ji \u00eemzeker\u00ean w\u00ea bi tevah\u00ee pa\u015fguh kir, \u00fb dema ku teksta tevah\u00ee ya Peymana Lozan\u00ea were we\u015fandin, ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea d\u00ea kurtb\u00een be ku mirov nirx\u00ea w\u00ea k\u00eam bike tev\u00ee ku bi \u015fa\u015ftiyan dagirtiye. Van \u015fa\u015ftiyan \u015fahidiya hewildan\u00ean dir\u00eaj \u00fb di dawiy\u00ea de serket\u00ee dikin ku du kopiyan di yek de berhev bikin, \u00fb p\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku bi nih\u00ear\u00eena bih\u00eazb\u00fbna wan were ceribandin. Di dawiy\u00ea de, p\u00ea\u015fb\u00een\u00eekirin d\u00ea bilez be, l\u00ea Konferansa Lozan\u00ea bi k\u00eaman\u00ee yekem hewldana rast\u00een b\u00fb ku lihevhatinek di navbera t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb serketiy\u00ean \u015fer\u00ea Ewrop\u00ee de peyda kir.<\/p>\n

H\u00eajay\u00ee balki\u015fandin\u00ea ye ku k\u00ea\u015fey\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee di navbera her du aliy\u00ean daw\u00ee y\u00ean \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee Y\u00fbnanistan \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea de, pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean abor\u00ee \u00fb daray\u00ee y\u00ean di navbera Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean Rojavay\u00ee de, bi zehmet\u00ee \u00fb dereng hatin \u00e7areserkirin. Nakokiya daw\u00ee ya li ser perey\u00ea ku deyn t\u00ea de (dravdana kuponan) t\u00ea diyarkirin, asta ku pergala \u00eemtiyazan (ya ku \u00cemparatoriya Osman\u00ee daye dewlet\u00ean biyan\u00ee) bingeha bingeh\u00een a tevliheviya Rojhilata Nizim n\u00ee\u015fan dide. L\u00ea h\u00eaz\u00ean mezin \u00ean hevalbend, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku dev ji berjewendiy\u00ean Yewnan\u00eestan \u00fb Ermen\u00eestan\u00ea berdan, heta dawiy\u00ea li pey aqilmend\u00ee ketin \u00fb dev ji berjewendiy\u00ean xwe j\u00ee berdan. Ev r\u00ea armancek rast b\u00fb, ji ber ku diyar b\u00fb ku yek ji van berjewendiyan nikare were p\u00ea\u015fve xistin, ku hem\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve destp\u00eakirina \u015fer d\u00ea zirar\u00ea bidin wan.<\/p>\n

Peymana Lozan\u00ea w\u00ea di d\u00eerok\u00ea de xwed\u00ee bandor be ye li ser p\u00ea\u015fketina navxwey\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean welat\u00ean ku peyman di nava wan de hat\u00eeya \u00eemzekirin, were nirxandin.<\/p>\n

Lihevkirina di navbera Yewnan\u00eestan \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea de, her demk\u00ee ye, ji ber ku avantaj\u00ean w\u00ea diyar dibin her ku asteng\u00ean li p\u00ea\u015fiya w\u00ea ji hol\u00ea radibin. Pev\u00e7\u00fbnek sedsal\u00ee ya armanc\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee d\u00ea di pa\u015feroja p\u00ea\u015f de nebe pirsgir\u00eakek berdewam. \u00ceht\u00eemala ku Yewnan\u00eestan li rojhilat\u00ea \u00e7em\u00ea Maritsa (s\u00eenor\u00ea bejay\u00ee di navbera Yewnan\u00eestan \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea de ji hev vediqet\u00eene) an j\u00ee li ser axa Anatolyay\u00ea ti\u015ftek bi dest bixe, k\u00eam b\u00fb, heke ne bi tevah\u00ee ji hol\u00ea rabe. Digel ku Tirkiye \u00ead\u00ee ji Ewropay\u00ea ji bil\u00ee l\u00eager\u00eena hin k\u00fbrahiya erd\u00ea ji bo parastina Tengava Konstant\u00eenopol\u00ees\u00ea (Bosfor\u00ea) ti\u015ftek ji Ewropay\u00ea naxwaze.<\/p>\n

Dan\u00fbstandina nasnameyan a ku Yewnan\u00eestan \u00fb Tirkiyey\u00ea di r\u00fbni\u015ftina yekem a Lozan\u00ea de di peymanek cuda de bi serket\u00ee li hev kirin, d\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ean di navbera her du welatan de hem wek\u00ee soza dilsoziy\u00ea \u00fb hem j\u00ee ji hol\u00ea rakirina \u00eemkan \u00fb fersend\u00ean pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea pir h\u00easan bike. Ger her du hik\u00fbmet li ser v\u00ea xala bi taybet\u00ee bi \u00ea\u015f bigihin r\u00eakeftinek\u00ea, di demek\u00ea de ku talb\u00fbna di navbera her du gelan de di l\u00fbtkey\u00ea de ye, dibe ku r\u00eakeftin\u00ean din li pey\u00ea xwe bih\u00ealin \u00fb bi dem\u00ea re hest\u00ean ney\u00een\u00ee di navbera wan de rabin.<\/p>\n

\u00c7iqas dir\u00eaj dibe bila bibe ku Yewnan\u00ee \u00fb Tirk bi hev re niyeta xwe ba\u015f h\u00ees bikin, xal\u00ean er\u00ean\u00ee y\u00ean peyman\u00ea div\u00ea wan li hember biyaniyan xwed\u00ee helwest bin, nemaze dema ku ew bi dem\u00ea re t\u00eabgh\u00eajin ku c\u00fbdahiy\u00ean wan ji h\u00eala h\u00eaz\u00ean biyan\u00ee ve valahiy\u00ean \u00eest\u00eesmarker in. Weke niha ew h\u00eaz\u00ean biyan\u00ee dixwazin Tirkiye \u00fb Yewnan\u00eestan di nav nakokiyan de bih\u00ealin, l\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee ser\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ea yekem\u00a0 faktor\u00ean n\u00fb derketin hol\u00ea ku welat\u00ean pi\u00e7\u00fbk dev ji c\u00eeran\u00ean xwe y\u00ean mezin berdin.<\/p>\n

B\u00fbyereke gir\u00eeng di v\u00ee war\u00ee de heye ew j\u00eebiryara Konseya Komeleya Gelan a p\u00eejkirina deynek\u00ee navnetewey\u00ee\u00a0 ji bo 750 hezar penaber\u00ean Yewnan\u00ee y\u00ean ji rojhilat\u00ea Trakya \u00fb Anatolyay\u00ea di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea de bicihkirin b\u00fb. Krediya sereke ji bo v\u00ea yek\u00ea Dr Nansen b\u00fb,L\u00ea dixuye ku palder\u00ea daw\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea r\u00eaxistin\u00ean al\u00eekariy\u00ea y\u00ean Amer\u00eek\u00ee ve hatiye kirin ku heta niha bar\u00ea sereke y\u00ea l\u00ean\u00ear\u00eena penaberan hilgirtiye ser mil\u00ea xwe \u00fb r\u00eaxistin\u00ean Amer\u00eek\u00ee gefa veki\u015f\u00eena ji v\u00ea prosey\u00ea xwarib\u00fbn, heta ku binesaziya bicihkirina penaberan bi lez ney\u00ea destp\u00eakirin.<\/p>\n

Ev deyn\u00ea ji Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea re div\u00ea ji ya ku ji Avusturya re hat\u00ee veqetandin veberh\u00eananek \u00e7\u00eatir be; Digel ku Avusturya welatek e ku \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean w\u00ee y\u00ean dewlemend winda b\u00fbne, div\u00ea penaber\u00ean Yewnan\u00ee li welat\u00ean xwed\u00ee derfet\u00ean mezin ji bo p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea werin bic\u00eeh kirin, \u00fb t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fb\u00een\u00ee kirin ku hejmar \u00fb j\u00eahat\u00eeb\u00fbna van penaberan bibe \u00e7avkaniyek gir\u00eeng a hilber\u00een\u00ea heke sermayeya p\u00eaw\u00eest ji wan re peyda bibe.<\/p>\n

Serkeftina deyn\u00ea navnetewey\u00ee div\u00ea be\u015fdar\u00ee bingeha dewlemendiya Makedonyaya Yewnan\u00ee bibe. Bi dagirtina par\u00eazgeh\u00ea bi nasnameyeke homojen li \u015f\u00fbna tevl\u00eeheviya Tirk, Yewnan \u00fb Bulgar\u00ean ku heta niha l\u00ea ni\u015ftecih b\u00fbne, aramiya s\u00eenor\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean niha y\u00ean v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea d\u00ea were pi\u015ftgir\u00ee kirin, l\u00ea b\u00ea guman a\u015ft\u00ee \u015fert\u00ea bingeh\u00een e ku \u00e7iqas derfet\u00ean mad\u00ee j\u00ee hebe d\u00ea b\u00ea bandor be, ji ber ku ev her\u00eam careke din bibe her\u00eameke din a \u015fer, d\u00ea penaber t\u00eak bi\u00e7in \u00fb sermayedar\u00ean x\u00earxwaz d\u00ea perey\u00ean xwe winda bikin, ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea berjewendiya bingeh\u00een \u00fb wekhev a hem\u00fb gel\u00ean Rojhilata N\u00eaz\u00eek di a\u015ftiy\u00ea de ye,\u00fb d\u00fbr\u00ee m\u00eatinger\u00ee \u00fb xeyal\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ean mezin, \u00fb bi pi\u015ftgir\u00eeya manew\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee ya hin r\u00eaxistin\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee y\u00ean wek Komela Gelan, ku di nav w\u00ea de gelek h\u00eaz\u00ean pi\u00e7\u00fbk hene ku ger karibin hevkar\u00eey\u00ea bikin, d\u00ea f\u00ear\u00ee parastina berjewendiy\u00ean xwe bibin lihember h\u00eaz\u00ean mezin. Gelo h\u00eaz\u00ean bi\u00e7\u00fbk \u00ean Rojhilat d\u00ea di demek n\u00eaz\u00eek de li pey v\u00ea vebijarka daw\u00een bin? Pi\u015ft\u00ee ku em li rew\u015fa hey\u00ee ya Yewnan\u00eestan \u00fb Tirkiyey\u00ea binerin, dibe ku em n\u00eaz\u00ee bersiv\u00ea bibin.<\/p>\n

Dubendiya Yewnan\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di dir\u00eajahiya sedsala bor\u00ee de, an bi gotineke din ji dema ku ew b\u00fb welatek\u00ee serbixwe, Yewnan\u00eestan ji hundir\u00ea s\u00eenor\u00ean xwe z\u00eadetir li dervey\u00ee s\u00eenor\u00ean xwe dij\u00ee; Nemaze li her\u00eam\u00ean “nevegerand\u00ee” y\u00ean ku w\u00ea di dawiy\u00ea de h\u00eav\u00ee dikir ku bikeve nav qada xwe ya netewey\u00ee (armanca daw\u00een Konstant\u00eene), \u00fb her weha vegerandina veberh\u00eanan\u00ea ya ko\u00e7ber\u00ean Yewnan\u00ee li \u00e7araliy\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ea,Ji S\u00fbdana Misr\u00ea heta R\u00fbsyay\u00ea \u00fb ji Bengal\u00ea heta \u015e\u00eekagoy\u00ea. Di \u00e7end sal\u00ean bor\u00ee y\u00ean ber\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea Ewrop\u00ee de, \u015fandin\u00ean pereyan ji Yewnanan li Dewlet\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee gih\u00ee\u015ftin jimarek ewqas mezin ku bi giran\u00ee l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb standarda madd\u00ee ya jiyan\u00ea li welat\u00ea dayik\u00ea bilind kir, l\u00ea vegera exlaq\u00ee \u00fb rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee ji derve ne k\u00eamtir gir\u00eeng b\u00fb. vegera daray\u00ee, ya ku ji wan re an\u00ee ko\u00e7ber\u00ean w\u00ea d\u00eetiniyek n\u00fb ji c\u00eehan\u00ea re an\u00een, \u00fb c\u00eehan te\u015fw\u00eeq kir ku hevxemiy\u00ea j\u00ea re bike bi r\u00eaya afirandina gir\u00eadan\u00ean kesane bi r\u00eaya zewac\u00ea \u00fb xwezay\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ku ber\u00ea di navbera rojava \u00fb gel\u00ean rojhilat\u00ee y\u00ean ne-bazirgan\u00ee de tuneb\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Daxwaza Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea ji bedew\u00ee \u00fb b\u00eeran\u00een\u00ean Konstant\u00een\u00ea \u00fb dewlemendiya Rojavay\u00ea Asyaya Bi\u00e7\u00fbk re ti\u015ftek\u00ee h\u00eaviyek ji bo pa\u015feroj\u00ea dida w\u00ea m\u00eena h\u00eaviya ku veb\u00fbna Kanadiyan \u00fb Amer\u00eek\u00eeyan ji ko\u00e7ber\u00ean Yewnan\u00ee re peyda kir. L\u00ea felaket\u00ean gerd\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean van sal\u00ean daw\u00ee, niha Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea rasterast \u00fb nerasterast ji hem\u00ee \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean jiyan\u00ea \u00fb h\u00eaza derve b\u00eapar hi\u015ftine, ji ber ku xeta w\u00ea ya berfirehkirina axa li bakur \u00fb rojhilat ji h\u00eala du h\u00eaz\u00ean ji w\u00ea bih\u00eaztir – Yugoslavya \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea – ve hat\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fankirin. Ti\u015fta ku di dest\u00ean w\u00ea de Albanya \u00fb Bulgar\u00eestan de heye bi zor nikare bih\u00eale.<\/p>\n

Wendakirina Konstant\u00een, Smyrna (\u00cezm\u00eer), Adrianople, Monastir \u00fb Kuritsa, ji xwe re\u00a0 kir asoya xwe ye siyas\u00ee. Bi sedhezaran k\u00eamnetew\u00ean xwe y\u00ean li van deveran ber bi dever\u00ean c\u00eeranan ve \u015fandin \u00fb ji niha \u00fb p\u00ea de ne\u00e7ar e ku \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean xwe di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean xwey\u00ee\u00a0 \u00eeroy\u00een de bipar\u00eaze \u00fb ji bil\u00ee v\u00ea, “belavb\u00fbna wan di nav gelan de” b\u00fbye sedema pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean c\u00fbrbec\u00fbr; Bol\u015fev\u00eezm\u00ea Yewnaniy\u00ean li Odessa \u00fb navend\u00ean din \u00ean bazirganiy\u00ea y\u00ean li R\u00fbsyay\u00ea hilwe\u015fand. Dibe ku neteweperest\u00ee y\u00ean ku li Hindistan \u00fb Misir\u00ea dij\u00een tune bike, ger siyaset heman r\u00eay\u00ea li Asyaya Bi\u00e7\u00fbk (Tirkiye) bigire, l\u00ea dibe ku derbeya her\u00ee giran s\u00eenordarkirina ko\u00e7beriya ber bi Dewlet\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee ve be, \u00fb heke ev asteng\u00ee berdewam bike, bandora w\u00ea ya daw\u00een e. li ser Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea dibe ku h\u00een girantir be. , her \u00e7end ji derxistina Yewnanan ji Anatolyay\u00ea k\u00eamtir traj\u00eek be.<\/p>\n

Ger Yewnan\u00eestan bixwaze di bin van \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean n\u00fb \u00fb dijwar de bij\u00ee, ew \u00ea ne\u00e7ar bim\u00eene ku lebata xwe ber bi hundur ve bizivir\u00eene \u00fb bal\u00ea big\u015f\u00eene ser p\u00ea\u015fketina hilber, c\u00eeh \u00fb nif\u00fbsa xwe de ku heya niha be\u015fek j\u00ea pa\u015fguh kiriye li ser hesab\u00ea serp\u00eahatiy\u00ean li qad\u00ean her\u00ee d\u00fbr diqewimin.<\/p>\n

Yewnanistan \u00fb welat\u00ean p\u00eakhat\u00ean Bi\u00e7\u00fbk<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eger deyn\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve bicihb\u00fbn\u00ea ku ji aliy\u00ea Komeleya Gelan ve hatiye p\u00ea\u015fniyarkirin bi ser bikeve, dikare bi bicihb\u00fbna k\u00eamnetew\u00ean Anatolya \u00fb Trakyay\u00ea li Makedonyay\u00ea bi daw\u00ee bibe. Gor\u00ee nih\u00ear\u00eena netewey\u00ee ya Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea, ew bereketeke rast\u00een e, l\u00ea ew \u00ea t\u00ear\u00ea neke Yewnan\u00eestan m\u00eatinkariya Makedonyay\u00ea bike \u00fb \u00e7andin\u00ee \u00fb bazirganiya her\u00eam\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f bixe, heya ku ew her\u00ee z\u00eade ji poz\u00eesyona xwe ya erdn\u00eegar\u00ee wek\u00ee perava Yunan\u00ee ya teng bikar ney\u00eene, ew \u00ea nikaribe par\u00eazgeh\u00ea bi berdewam\u00ee di bin serweriya xwe de bih\u00eale, nexasim p\u00ea\u015fvebirina \u015fiyan\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean bazirgan\u00ee \u00fb p\u00ee\u015fesaz\u00ee y\u00ean berfireh. Ev faktora erdn\u00eegar\u00ee d\u00ea ji bo Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea yan xetereya her\u00ee mezin an j\u00ee h\u00eaza her\u00ee mezin be, li gor\u00ee ku d\u00ea \u00e7awa bikarb\u00eene. Ger ku Yugoslavya \u00fb Bulgaristan\u00ea gih\u00ea\u015ftina deryaya vekir\u00ee asteng bikin, ev herdu netewe d\u00ea di dawiy\u00ea de bibin yek \u00fb xeta perav\u00ea ji wan bist\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Ji aliy\u00ea din ve, ger hewldan\u00ean h\u00easankirin\u00ea ji c\u00eeran\u00ean xwe y\u00ean hundir ve p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f bike, bazirganiya wan d\u00ea ne ten\u00ea bext\u00ea Selan\u00eek\u00ee, Kavala, Didigash \u00fb bender\u00ean din (ji bo windakirina Smyrna) berteref bike, l\u00ea d\u00ea deriy\u00ea ketina Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea j\u00ee vebike. nav struktur\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean Antanta Pi\u00e7\u00fbk – n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbnek ku d\u00ea w\u00ea ji \u00eezolasyona w\u00ea ya hey\u00ee xilas bike – \u00fb encam\u00ean w\u00ea ji nebawer\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ber bi gir\u00eadana ney\u00een\u00ee ya bi h\u00eaz\u00ean mezin ve. (Antanta Pi\u00e7\u00fbk: Hevbendiyeke le\u015fker\u00ee ku di sal\u00ean 1920 \u00fb 1921an de di navbera Romanya, \u00c7ekoslovakya \u00fb Yugoslavyay\u00ea de bi armanca parastina hevpar li dij\u00ee daxwaz\u00ean Macar\u00eestan\u00ea hate avakirin).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea destp\u00eakeke ba\u015f kir, ji dema karesata xwe ya le\u015fker\u00ee li Asyaya Bi\u00e7\u00fbk, bi \u00eemzakirina peymanek bi Yugoslavyay\u00ea re ji bo avakirina her\u00eamek azad a Yugoslavyay\u00ea li bendera Selan\u00eek\u00ea. Di berjewendiya Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea de ye ku v\u00ea peyman\u00ea li ser erd\u00ea \u00e7alak bike \u00fb ne ten\u00ea taw\u00eezek li ser kaxez\u00ea be, \u00fb hem j\u00ee bi Bulgaristan\u00ea re di derbar\u00ea bendera li ser Deryaya Egey\u00ea de ku ji h\u00eala v\u00ea pa\u015f\u00een ve di bin Peymana Neuilly de ji h\u00eala hevalbend\u00ean sereke ve hat\u00ee soz da, bi hev re bigih\u00eaje t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin\u00ea. (Peymana Neuilly di navbera Bulgaristan \u00fb welat\u00ean S\u00ea Antanta de. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea peyman\u00ea Bulgar\u00eestan\u00ea 4 par\u00eazgeh\u00ean li ser s\u00eenor\u00ean xwe y\u00ean rojava radest\u00ee Yugoslavyay\u00ea kir \u00fb Trakyaya Rojava kete bin r\u00eaveberiya welat\u00ean sereke y\u00ean hevalbendan \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea radest\u00ee Yunan\u00eestan\u00ea hat kirin. ku Bulgaristan\u00ea bendera xwe li ser deryaya Ege winda kir).<\/p>\n

Mixabin, hewildan\u00ean hevalbendan li Lozan\u00ea ji bo peydakirina t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina Yewnan\u00ee-B\u00fblgar\u00ee li ser v\u00ea xal\u00ea bi ser neketin, \u00fb guhertina huk\u00fbmet\u00ea li Bulgaristan\u00ea dibe ku sedemek n\u00fb an hincetek n\u00fb bide Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea ku neguhez\u00eene. L\u00ea bel\u00ea Yewnan\u00eestan nikare Bulgar\u00eestan\u00ea bi domdar\u00ee ji xwe d\u00fbr bih\u00eale, her \u00e7end Bulgar\u00eestan b\u00ea art\u00ea\u015f be \u00fb erd\u00ean w\u00ea qut b\u00fbne j\u00ee, niha ne dijmin e, l\u00ea dikare di p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea de, wek\u00ee ber\u00ea, tengav bike. hevsengiya li ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea rojhilat\u00ea Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea heye, \u00fb \u015fert \u00fb merc hene ku eger ev yek bibe, ji bo Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea w\u00earanker be, eger Bulgaristan giraniya xwe bav\u00eaje ser mil\u00ea Tirk an Yugoslavyay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Pirsgir\u00eaka siyaseta navxwey\u00ee j\u00ee heye, ku ku\u015ftin\u00ean li dij\u00ee endam\u00ean huk\u00fbmeta ber\u00ea ji h\u00eala huk\u00fbmeta \u015fore\u015fger a niha ve, l\u00fbtkeya tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiy\u00ea b\u00fb. Tengasiya huk\u00fbmeta \u015fore\u015fger a niha li At\u00eenay\u00ea bi pa\u015fxistina hilbijartinan diyar dibe, l\u00ea hem\u00ee Yewnaniy\u00ean xwed\u00ee \u00eensiyata siyas\u00ee ya sererast, b\u00eay\u00ee ku ferq bikin ji partiya wan, di bin pabendb\u00fbna hevpar a her\u00ee xurt a welat\u00ea xwe de ne, ji ber ku a\u015ftiya hundur\u00een bi qas\u00ee a\u015ftiya derve hewce ye ji bo vejandina ni\u015ftiman\u00ee, \u00fb eger nakok\u00ee ney\u00ean rawestandin di v\u00ea qonax\u00ea de, ew ten\u00ea dikare bi heman ti\u015ft\u00ea ber\u00ee sedsalek ber\u00ea biqede: \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Bi kurt\u00ee, “a\u015ftiya di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean hey\u00ee de” ji bo Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea di serdema n\u00fbavakirin\u00ea de dir\u00fb\u015fma her\u00ee rast e, l\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee s\u00ea riy\u00ean gengaz \u00fb rewa ji bo berfirehkirina w\u00ea hene, ew j\u00ee Girav\u00ean Dodecanese, Qibris \u00fb Patr\u00eekxaneya Ecumen\u00eek\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Beligandina Peymana Mil\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ev gotar b\u00eay\u00ee l\u00eakol\u00eena li ser helwesta Tirkiy\u00ea li ser mijar\u00ea w\u00ea ne temam be. Serkeftina w\u00ea ya le\u015fker\u00ee ya hostay\u00ee ya li dij\u00ee Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea, \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee nerasterast li ser pi\u015ftgir\u00ean Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea, bi serketin\u00ean bi heman reng\u00ee y\u00ean ec\u00eab li Lozan\u00ea j\u00ea re peyda b\u00fb, li wir \u00cesmet Pa\u015fa (Inonu) bi qas\u00ee ku ber\u00ea bi \u015f\u00fbr\u00ea xwe d\u00eeplomas\u00ee dir\u00fbst kir, heta ku Peymana Mill\u00ee ya Tirk hema hema bi tevah\u00ee p\u00eak hat.<\/p>\n

Tirkiy\u00ea piraniya xal\u00ean xwe di konferans\u00ea de bi dest xist, ji ber ku ew t\u00eara xwe bi h\u00eaz b\u00fb ku li ser w\u00ea israr bike, \u00fb ten\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee d\u00ea ser\u00ee daxista ew j\u00ee\u00a0 li ber zexteke le\u015fkeriye mezin \u00fb berfireh, ew j\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean hevpeyman\u00ea \u00a0k\u00ealiyek\u00ea j\u00ee hewl neda ku w\u00ea bikar b\u00eene. Ev formula hem ji bo tirkan \u00fb hem j\u00ee ji bo hemiyan tam \u201cpatent\u201d b\u00fb \u00fb encama konferans\u00ea j\u00ee ji ber\u00ea ve hatib\u00fb diyarkirin.<\/p>\n

Dema ku a\u015ft\u00ee were \u00eemzekirin \u00fb Tirkiye dest bi sererastkirina mala xwe bike, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena rast a \u00eeradey\u00ea w\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee dest p\u00ea bike. B\u00eay\u00ee deynkirina pere \u00fb teknolojiy\u00ean n\u00fb ji Rojava nikare jiyana xwe ya abor\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve ava bike. Her \u00e7end\u00ee karibe \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean xwe li ser saziy\u00ean Rojava di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean xwe de destn\u00ee\u015fan bike j\u00ee, Tirkiye nikare w\u00ea ne\u00e7ar bike ku di p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea de bi xwe re hevkariyek\u00eake. Bi gotineke din, eger desthilatdariya rojavay\u00ee ji siyaseta derve ya n\u00fb ya Tirkiy\u00ea bi fikar \u00fb h\u00ears bibe (di aliy\u00ea teor\u00eek\u00ee de rewa be yan na), ew \u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea boykot bike \u00fb terc\u00eeh bike ku veberh\u00eanan\u00ean xwe li \u00c7\u00een, Meks\u00eeka, yan j\u00ee her devereke din ku r\u00eesk\u00a0 zehmet\u00ee \u00a0k\u00eamtir in karbike. \u00db eger boykoteke wiha (ne ji k\u00een \u00fb nefret\u00ea l\u00ea ji berjewendiy\u00ea hatiye \u00eelhamkirin) \u00e7\u00eabibe, d\u00ea perspekt\u00eefa abor\u00ee ya Tirkiyey\u00ea re\u015f bibe.<\/p>\n

\u015eer\u00ea Anatoliyay\u00ea (\u015eer\u00ea Rizgariy\u00ea) y\u00ea bextre\u015f, m\u00eena Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea ew j\u00ee w\u00earan kir. Bajar \u00fb gund\u00ean par\u00eazgeh\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eestemat\u00eek ji aliy\u00ea art\u00ea\u015fa Yewnan\u00ee ve li ser xeta veki\u015f\u00eena w\u00ea ya daw\u00ee ji Afyonkarahisar ber bi Smyrna ve hatin w\u00earankirin. \u015eewat\u00ean mezin \u00ean ku di \u015fer\u00ea navbera le\u015fker\u00ean Tirk \u00fb Ermen\u00ee y\u00ean li Taxa Ermeniyan a \u00cezm\u00eer\u00ea de derketin, bajar w\u00earan kir. Pir\u00ean r\u00eay\u00ean hesin\u00ee hatine teqandin, vagon \u00fb lokomot\u00eef hatine \u015fkandin an j\u00ee zirar d\u00eetine, \u00fb her \u00e7end\u00ee li gundan ec\u00eab \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn (wek ku niv\u00eeskar bi xwe di N\u00eesana bor\u00ee de buyer d\u00eetib\u00fb), Tirkiye nikare bajar\u00ean xwe ji n\u00fb ve ava bike, d\u00ea r\u00eay\u00ean hesin\u00ee, b\u00eay\u00ee al\u00eekariya derve \u00e7awa \u00e7\u00eabike.<\/p>\n

Gelo Tirkiyeya neteweperest d\u00ea ten\u00ea berd\u00eala v\u00ea al\u00eekariy\u00ea bide? Ew di sed \u00fb p\u00eanc\u00ee sal\u00ee bor\u00ee de ji destdir\u00eajiya “\u00eemtiyaz\u00ean taybet\u00ee” ji h\u00eala m\u00eesyon\u00ean biyan\u00ee \u00fb ni\u015ftec\u00eeh\u00ean biyan\u00ee ve ewqas \u00ea\u015f ki\u015fandiye ku ew b\u00fbye par\u00eazvanek prens\u00eeba serweriya netewey\u00ee ya teqez li ser her kes\u00ea ku di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean netewey\u00ee de r\u00fbdine, prens\u00eebeke Frans\u00eeye ku ji aliy\u00ea xwendekar\u00ean Tirk \u00fb sirg\u00fbn\u00ean Par\u00ees\u00ea ve h\u00een bib\u00fbn, \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015eore\u015f\u00ea li Ewropaya Rojava heta astek\u00ea hat ferzkirin.<\/p>\n

T\u00ea \u00e7aver\u00eakirin ku ew \u015fans\u00ean vejandina aboriya xwe feda bike da ku yekb\u00fbna xwe ya siyas\u00ee bipar\u00eaze, \u00fb dibe ku bikeve asta abor\u00ee ya Afgan\u00eestan\u00ea, an j\u00ee di asta ku Afgan\u00eestan t\u00ea de raz\u00ee b\u00fb bim\u00eene heta ku dest bi derketina ji \u00eezolasyona xwe \u00e7end salan ber\u00ea derket.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev p\u00eakan, k\u00eamb\u00fbna w\u00ea ya abor\u00ee heye, ji bo her kes\u00ea ku v\u00ea daw\u00eey\u00ea serdana Enqerey\u00ea kiriye \u00fb ti\u015ftek ji ramana \u00e7\u00eena serdest \u00fb cotkaran d\u00eetiye, bi gelemper\u00ee ne mimk\u00fbn xuya dike, ji ber ku ew \u00ea bala xwe bidin ku xwesteka rehet\u00ee \u00fb bik\u00earhat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea, ku dest p\u00ea dike heta di Afgan\u00eestan, li Anatolyay\u00ea bi h\u00eaztir \u00fb berfirehtir e. Ne ec\u00eab e ku mirov v\u00ea yek\u00ea di nav r\u00eaber\u00ean ku ber\u00ea li Konstant\u00een dijiyan dib\u00eene, l\u00ea li bajar\u00ean mezin \u00ean \u015faristaniya Rojava j\u00ee heb\u00fbn, ku nirxday\u00eena wan ji van avantajan derbas\u00ee bajar\u00ean gundewar\u00ee y\u00ean Anatolyay\u00ea j\u00ee b\u00fbn, l\u00ea ya gir\u00eeng ev e ku \u00ead\u00ee \u015fore\u015f\u00ea xwe bera da nav gundiy\u00ean Tirkan.<\/p>\n

H\u00eaviya hi\u015fmend\u00ee ya ji bo a\u015ft\u00ee \u00fb bextewariy\u00ea ku \u00eero di nav wan de t\u00ea xuya kirin, be\u015fek\u00ee bertekek xwezay\u00ee ye li hember \u015fer\u00ean berdewam \u00ean dehsalan \u00fb n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ea sedsalek le\u015fkeriya ne\u00e7ar. L\u00ea ev j\u00ee ji ber bandora raman\u00ean rojavay\u00ee ye ku di sedsala bor\u00ee de bandor li gundiy\u00ean li ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea rojhilat\u00ea Ewropay\u00ea kir.<\/p>\n

Tirkiye .. dewlemend\u00ee yan serwer\u00ee?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi rast\u00ee, Rojava bi raman\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fketina abor\u00ee \u00fb serweriya siyas\u00ee \u00eelham da gel\u00ean Rojhilat, ku di prat\u00eek\u00ea de ne guncaw xuya dike, eger tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00eey\u00ean her duyan li ser welat\u00ean nep\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee werin ferz kirin.<\/p>\n

Bernamey\u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een \u00ean serwer\u00ee \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ea y\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea zehmet e ku mirov her\u00ee z\u00eade bikar b\u00eene, l\u00ea p\u00eakan e ku yek bibe qurbana xerc\u00ea y\u00ea din. Bi p\u00eakaneke mezin d\u00ea lihevkirinek \u00e7\u00eabibe, ne li ser bingehek teor\u00eek\u00ee, l\u00ea bi rastiy\u00ean dijwar \u00ean ezm\u00fbn\u00ea, \u00fb ku pi\u015ft\u00ee heyama binketineke abor\u00ee, ku t\u00ea de berjewend\u00eey\u00ean biyan\u00ee d\u00ea dijwar bibin, \u00a0ji bo saxb\u00fbn\u00ea t\u00eabiko\u015fin (d\u00ea piraniya ne\u015fteciy\u00ean tirk \u00ea\u015feke mezintir biki\u015f\u00eene) \u00fb d\u00ea hevsengiyek vegere. Serweriya teor\u00eek, j\u00ee jixwe, bereketeke ney\u00een\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

\u00db her \u00e7end\u00ee jiyan zehmetir bibe (ango bi destxistina serdestiya tam) xuya bike j\u00ee, ew c\u00eegirek neraz\u00ee ye ji bo xwe\u015fb\u00fbna mad\u00ee. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, dibe ku projeya Rojava di demeke n\u00eaz\u00eek de li Tirkiy\u00ea di \u00a0demeke neba\u015f re derbas bibe, l\u00ea eger bikaribe n\u00ear\u00een\u00ean d\u00fbr \u00fb dir\u00eaj tehem\u00fbl bike, ne hewce ye ku b\u00eah\u00eav\u00ee bibe.<\/p>\n

Daxwaza ge\u015fep\u00eadana aboriy\u00ea ya Tirkiyey\u00ea j\u00ee ji ber n\u00ear\u00een\u00ean pol\u00eet\u00eekaya derve t\u00ea te\u015fw\u00eeqkirin. Yek ji xislet\u00ean ber\u00e7av \u00ean rew\u015fa \u00eeroy\u00een a mejiy\u00ea tirkan ew e ku ew ji serkeftin\u00ean xwe y\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean v\u00ea dawiy\u00ea ne bi bandorb\u00fbn \u00fb bi gi\u015ft\u00ee t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina wan ku di \u015fer\u00ea (\u015eer\u00ea Rizgariy\u00ea) de serkeftineke demk\u00ee bi saya qonaxeke taybet \u00fb veguh\u00eaz di rew\u015fa navdewlet\u00ee de p\u00eakhat, \u00fb heya ku di her war\u00ea jiyana civak\u00ee de xebateke berdewam nebe, heb\u00fbna xwe ya netewey\u00ee bi berdewam\u00ee nay\u00ea parastin.<\/p>\n

Hevkariya Tirkiye \u00fb R\u00fbsyay\u00ea demk\u00ee ye<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea dem\u00ea de R\u00fbsya \u00fb Almanya qels in, h\u00eaz\u00ean rojavay\u00ee pir westiyane ku li Rojhilat \u00e7alakiyeke bi bandor li dar bixin, Yewnanistana ku bi salan e m\u00eena Tirkiy\u00ea di nav \u015fer de ye \u00fb ne\u00e7ar ma li Anatolyay\u00ea bi tena ser\u00ea xwe \u015fer bike, li rast\u00ee binketineke nay\u00ea jib\u00eerkirin hat. L\u00ea Tirkiye dizane ku heta c\u00eeran\u00ean xwe zind\u00ee bibin j\u00ee, nikarin li ser mil\u00ean xwe bisekinin.<\/p>\n

Careke din bandora R\u00fbsyay\u00ea li ser bi tund\u00ee dest p\u00ea dike. Heger R\u00fbsya di \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean niha de ji h\u00eaza le\u015fker\u00ee ya mezin derneketa \u00fb ger d\u00eeplomasiya matmay\u00ee ya \u201ch\u00eaz\u00ean Antanta Balkan\u201d bikira, tifaqa Tirkiye-R\u00fbsya ya niha \u00e7\u00eanab\u00fb (mebest t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina Len\u00een \u00fb Mistefa Kemal e). ne mecb\u00fbr\u00ee du dijmin\u00ean hi\u015fk kir ku lihevhatinek\u00ea bigerin. L\u00ea bel\u00ea ev lihevkirin b\u00eadaw\u00ee dom nekir.Dema ku pi\u015ft\u00ee agirbesta Mudanyay\u00ea (di navbera Tirkiye \u00fb dewlet\u00ean rojavay\u00ee y\u00ean dag\u00eerker de di 11\u00ea cotmeha 1922an de hat encamdan) aloziya siyas\u00ee di navbera Tirkiye \u00fb Rojava de k\u00eam b\u00fb, peymana Tirkiye-R\u00fbsya sar b\u00fb \u00fb \u00ead\u00ee Tirkiye rast\u00ee serweriya tam a li ser teng \u00fb Konstant\u00eenopol\u00ees\u00ea vegeriya, nakokiya berjewendiyan a erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya di navbera her du welatan de vegeriya rew\u015fa xwe ya ber\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Hevalbendiya di navbera R\u00fbsiya \u00fb Tirkiy\u00ea de s\u00fbdek\u00ee hevbe\u015f a demk\u00ee b\u00fb, \u00fb ew \u00ea bi wendab\u00fbna berjewendiy\u00ean hevpar \u00ean berbi\u00e7av ku w\u00ea \u00e7\u00eadikirin, t\u00eak bi\u00e7e, ji ber ku ew li ser bingeh\u00ean exlaq\u00ee nehatib\u00fb avakirin, m\u00eena y\u00ean ku rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ean Tirk ber bi \u00e7anda Frans\u00ee an Engil\u00eez\u00ee ve diki\u015f\u00eenin. Dijminatiya siyas\u00ee ya li hember \u00cengil\u00eestan \u00fb Fransay\u00ea \u00e7i dibe bila bibe. Rast\u00ee ye ku meriv p\u00ea\u015fb\u00een\u00ee bike ku Tirkiye di demek n\u00eaz\u00eek de d\u00ea d\u00eesa bi zexta R\u00fbsyay\u00ea h\u00ees bike \u00fb ev xeter d\u00ea w\u00ea bike ku h\u00eaza xwe bi kontrolkirina mal\u00ea xwe p\u00ea\u015f bixe.<\/p>\n

Di sedsal \u00fb n\u00eeva bor\u00ee de, Tirkiy\u00ea li hember R\u00fbsyay\u00ea bi daxwaza pi\u015ftgiriya Rojavay\u00ee xwe dipar\u00eaze, ji ber ku h\u00eaza xwe t\u00ear\u00ea nake w\u00ea bipar\u00eaze. L\u00ea encama v\u00ea pol\u00eet\u00eekaya xeternak bi qas\u00ee ku ji bo Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea buha b\u00fb ji bo w\u00ea j\u00ee biha b\u00fb. W\u00ea bi gi\u015ft\u00ee ji deste xwe z\u00eadetir dida, wek\u00ee par\u00eazvanek hate binavkirin \u00fb pi\u015ftre dest bi kampanyayek \u00eest\u00eesmarkirin\u00ea kir, dan\u00fbstandina w\u00ea ji h\u00eala Almanya ve b\u00eah\u00eav\u00eeb\u00fbna w\u00ea ya daw\u00ee b\u00fb, \u00fb m\u00eena Yewnan\u00eestan\u00ea d\u00eesa hewcedariya azadb\u00fbna ji siyaseta h\u00eaz\u00ean mezin f\u00eam kir, l\u00ea Diviyab\u00fb w\u00ea di war\u00ea abor\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee de ji Rojava deyn bigirta, ger dixwest t\u00eara xwe xurt bibe ku serxweb\u00fbna xwe ya siyas\u00ee ji Rojava bipejiranda.<\/p>\n

Eger dixwaze di v\u00ee war\u00ee de gav\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ee bav\u00eaje, div\u00ea bi c\u00eeran\u00ean xwe y\u00ean li Rojhilata Nav\u00een re n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee peyda bike. Di dema niha de Tirkiye di nav welat\u00ean rojhilat\u00ea de ji Misr\u00ea heta Afgan\u00eestan\u00ea di war\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee de xwed\u00ee poz\u00eesyoneke bilind e \u00fb ger bikare di war\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fkeftina mad\u00ee \u00fb rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee de j\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fengiy\u00ea bike, dibe ku p\u00ea\u015ferojeke w\u00ea ya mezin wek pirek berbi Antanta Rojavay\u00ea Asyay\u00ea ve xwe bi cih bike. “Antanta Bi\u00e7\u00fbk” li Ewropaya Ba\u015f\u00fbr.<\/p>\n

Encama v\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00eena kurt xuya dike ku pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00e7areseriy\u00ea, Yewnan\u00eestan \u00fb Tirkiye di hevsengiyek\u00ea de di\u00e7in \u00fb ji bo berjewendiy\u00ean xwe hindek p\u00eakan hene ku t\u00eakiliy\u00ean wan li gor\u00ee ber\u00ea ba\u015ftir bin. Pirsgir\u00eaka bingeh\u00een a ku \u00e7aren\u00fbsa wan gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, ji hol\u00ea rakirina h\u00eaz\u00ean derve \u00fb hevrikiy\u00ean wan \u00ean li qad\u00ean Rojhilata N\u00eaz\u00eek \u00fb Nav\u00een e. L\u00ea ev pirsgir\u00eak ji aliy\u00ean ku di Lozan\u00ea de cih girtine, xeleka welatan berfirehtir dihew\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Werger ji ereb\u00ee: Heysem Mislim<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji h\u00eala p\u00ean\u00fbsa Arnold J. Toynbee \/ \u00celon 1923 \u015e\u00eerove \u00fb nirxandin: HIS\u00caN CIMO D\u00eeroknas\u00ea Br\u00eetan\u00ee Arnold Toynbee ev gotar pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00eemzekirina Peymana Lozan\u00ea li Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea di 24\u00ea T\u00eermeha 1923an de niv\u00eesand. Nim\u00fbneyek ji gotar\u00ea di kovara Amer\u00eek\u00ee Foreign Affairs de hat we\u015fandin \u00fb di \u00celona 1923an de, di kovar\u00ea de hatiye ar\u015f\u00eevkirin. Ango pi\u015ft\u00ee […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[174,22],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[],"class_list":["post-503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lozan","category-manshet"],"yoast_head":"\nArnold Toynbee: Rojhilat pi\u015ft\u00ee Lozan\u00ea - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/arnold-toynbee-rojhilat-pisti-lozane\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arnold Toynbee: Rojhilat pi\u015ft\u00ee Lozan\u00ea - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ji h\u00eala p\u00ean\u00fbsa Arnold J. Toynbee \/ \u00celon 1923 \u015e\u00eerove \u00fb nirxandin: HIS\u00caN CIMO D\u00eeroknas\u00ea Br\u00eetan\u00ee Arnold Toynbee ev gotar pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00eemzekirina Peymana Lozan\u00ea li Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea di 24\u00ea T\u00eermeha 1923an de niv\u00eesand. Nim\u00fbneyek ji gotar\u00ea di kovara Amer\u00eek\u00ee Foreign Affairs de hat we\u015fandin \u00fb di \u00celona 1923an de, di kovar\u00ea de hatiye ar\u015f\u00eevkirin. 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Toynbee \/ \u00celon 1923 \u015e\u00eerove \u00fb nirxandin: HIS\u00caN CIMO D\u00eeroknas\u00ea Br\u00eetan\u00ee Arnold Toynbee ev gotar pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00eemzekirina Peymana Lozan\u00ea li Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea di 24\u00ea T\u00eermeha 1923an de niv\u00eesand. Nim\u00fbneyek ji gotar\u00ea di kovara Amer\u00eek\u00ee Foreign Affairs de hat we\u015fandin \u00fb di \u00celona 1923an de, di kovar\u00ea de hatiye ar\u015f\u00eevkirin. 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