{"id":329,"date":"2022-03-27T00:24:32","date_gmt":"2022-03-27T00:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zindi24.com\/?p=329"},"modified":"2022-08-27T09:15:07","modified_gmt":"2022-08-27T09:15:07","slug":"reya-dewlemendi-u-hejari-ji-erdeser-ta-bi-mexolan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/reya-dewlemendi-u-hejari-ji-erdeser-ta-bi-mexolan\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00eaya dewlemend\u00ee \u00fb hejar\u00ee\u2026 Ji Erde\u015f\u00ear ta bi Mexolan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bi p\u00ean\u00fbsa: HIS\u00caN CIMO<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Karwan\u00ea bazirgan\u00ee y\u00ea mezin ku ji 680 bar\u00ean ku piraniya xwe caw \u00fb ta b\u00fbn, di T\u00eermeha 1834`an de li Kurdistan\u00ea di bin serweriya Osmaniyan de, hate talankirin. L\u00ea ev talaniya mezin ji aliy\u00ea r\u00eabiran di bin fermandariya hevpemaniyeke xurt a qeb\u00eeleyan li Bakur Kurdistan\u00ea(Qeb\u00eeleya Celal\u00ee) li cihek\u00ee ku bandora dewleta Osmaniyan tune b\u00fb, p\u00eak hat. Wa r\u00eabiran li tix\u00fbb\u00ean Erzrom\u00ea dest dan\u00een ser karwan\u00ea bazirgan\u00ee. Karwanvanan tev\u00ee le\u015fker\u00ee bi wan re, hewl dan ku li pey\u00ee r\u00eabiran bikevin, l\u00ea encam negirtin. L\u00ea r\u00eabiran, ji ber k\u00eamderfet\u00ean xwe, ten\u00ea ji esl\u00ea 680 baran, 450 bar birin \u00fb ev yek j\u00ee xwediy\u00ea kel\u00fbpelan matmay\u00ee kir.<\/p>\n

Ji ber xisar\u00ean mezin \u00ean ingl\u00eezan, ev b\u00fbyera talaniy\u00ea b\u00fb rojeva piraniya rojnamey\u00ean Bir\u00eataniy\u00ea ye. Ji ber ku ingl\u00eezan kel\u00fbpel\u00ean xwe b\u00ea garant\u00ee firotib\u00fbn Farisan, lewra xisar bi tevah\u00ee kete ser mil\u00ea wan.<\/p>\n

Ev b\u00fbyer li r\u00eayeke sereke ji r\u00eay\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee r\u00fb da, ku pi\u015ftre w\u00ea ev r\u00ea di l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean n\u00fbjen de bi r\u00eaya”R\u00eaya Hevr\u00ee\u015fim”ango”R\u00eaya El-Her\u00eer”were naskirin. Li ser v\u00ea r\u00ea kel\u00fbpel \u00fb hizir di navbera Rojhilat \u00fb Rojava de diherik\u00een. Her wiha hin bajar ge\u015f b\u00fbn \u00fb hin bajar\u00ean din j\u00ee winda b\u00fbn. Di hema dem\u00ea de, hemwelat\u00ee ko\u00e7ber b\u00fbn \u00fb hinek\u00ee din j\u00ee ketin war\u00ea wan. Beriya niha bi 2 hezar sal dema ku ev r\u00ea derket ser dika d\u00eerok\u00ea, r\u00eayeke dewlemend\u00ee \u00fb \u015fer\u00ean mezin b\u00fb. Her wiha r\u00eayeke mizg\u00eenvan\u00ee \u00fb zordar\u00ee ya ol\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eayeke ko\u00e7berkirin \u00fb qirkirina kom\u00ee b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Di sedsala 1 \u00fb 2 ya zay\u00een\u00ea di \u00e7ax\u00ea Dewleta Parthian(Parthian Empire) de, mizg\u00eenvan\u00ean Nestorians \u00fb Zarede\u015ftan bi v\u00ea r\u00eay\u00ea derbas\u00ee Rojhilat b\u00fbn. Her wiha di heman r\u00ea de, waiz\u00ean B\u00fbd\u00eest kah\u00een\u00ean xwe belav kirin heta ku gih\u00ee\u015ftin deryaya Sp\u00ee \u00fb Misir\u00ea. Li ser v\u00ea r\u00ea, islam derbas\u00ee Asya b\u00fb. Di sedsala 16`an de j\u00ee, di dir\u00eajahiya v\u00ea r\u00ea de ji Bexar\u00ee heta Tipr\u00eez\u00ea Ter\u00eeqeta Neqe\u015fbend\u00ee belav b\u00fb. Wek\u00ee d\u00eeroknas Frankopan j\u00ee binav kir\u00ee, bi rast\u00ee “R\u00eaya bawer\u00ee” b\u00fb. Her wiha di heman r\u00ea de, Mexolan derbas\u00ee nava c\u00eehana islam\u00ee b\u00fbn. Qeb\u00eeley\u00ean ku ditirsiyan \u00fb bir\u00e7\u00ee j\u00ee di heman r\u00ea de, ji Asya nav\u00een derbas\u00ee \u00ceran \u00fb Anadol\u00ea b\u00fbn \u00fb demografiya Rojhilata Nav\u00een j\u00ee hate guhartin. Gelek caran \u00fb wek\u00ee b\u00fbyera talaniy\u00ea ya ku me li jor\u00ea an\u00ee ziman, ev r\u00ea b\u00fb sedem ku gelek \u015fervan\u00ean ji kom\u00ean pa\u015fguhkir\u00ee y\u00ean di hundir\u00ea \u00eempratoriy\u00ean winday\u00eeb\u00fbn de, pereyan qezenc bikin.<\/p>\n

R\u00eaya dewlemend\u00ee \u00fb hejar\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Welat\u00ea “\u00ceran \u015eehr” bi ge\u015fb\u00fbn \u00fb pa\u015fketina bazirganiya navdewlet\u00ee gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fb. \u00ceran \u015eehr j\u00ee\u00a0 nav\u00ea kenvar \u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea b\u00fb beriya ku Yewaninstan nav\u00ea bikin”Faris”. Pi\u015ftre, bi r\u00eaya derbasb\u00fbna islam\u00ea nava \u00ceran\u00ea, ev nav hate may\u00eendekirin.<\/p>\n

Dema ku Erde\u015f\u00eer Bin Babik Sasan\u00ee di sala 226`an de desthildar\u00ee bidest xist, w\u00ea dem\u00ea bazirganan r\u00eay\u00ean deryay\u00ee y\u00ean dervay\u00ee serweriya \u00cempratoriya Parth a r\u00fbxand\u00ee de, bikar dian\u00ee. Ji ber aloziy\u00ean li Asya Nav\u00een \u00fb rojavay\u00ee \u00c7\u00een\u00ea, r\u00eaya deryay\u00ee ji bo \u00c7\u00een\u00ea ku di w\u00ea dem\u00ea bi xwe di nava aloziyek\u00ea de b\u00fb, hilbij\u00eara her\u00ee guncav b\u00fb. Di encam\u00ea de, herdu r\u00eay\u00ean deryay\u00ee li ser hesab\u00ea t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna r\u00eaya bejah\u00ee ya ku di \u00ceran\u00ea re derbas dib\u00fb, ge\u015f b\u00fbn. Herdu r\u00eay\u00ean deryay\u00ee j\u00ee ev in; R\u00eaya ku ji \u00c7\u00een\u00ea dest p\u00ea dike, heta bendera Besra ya welat\u00ea Babil\u00ea \u00fb ji wir j\u00ee ber bi Romay\u00ea ve. R\u00eaya din j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya Deryaya Sor ku ew j\u00ee li Romay\u00ea daw\u00ee dibe.<\/p>\n

Gava yekem\u00een ku Erde\u015f\u00eer p\u00eak an\u00ee, vegerandina r\u00eaya bazirgan\u00ee ya bejah\u00ee ji \u00c7\u00een\u00ea heta \u00ceran\u00ea \u00fb ji herdu aliyan ve. Erde\u015f\u00eer ev gava xwe di encama hewldana \u00e7end salan de p\u00eak an\u00ee \u00fb di encam\u00ea de, gelek navend\u00ean deryay\u00ee y\u00ean hevrik li Kendav \u00fb Babil\u00ea, hilwe\u015fiyan. Erde\u015f\u00eer bi dehan bajar\u00a0 ava kirin. Bi v\u00ea yek\u00ea, bingeha kevne\u015fopiyeke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya \u00eemparator\u00ee dan\u00ee; ku avakirina \u00eemparator\u00ee b\u00ea dagirkirina erd\u00eengariyeke berfireh ku gelek r\u00eay\u00ean bazirgan\u00ee digire nava xwe, ne p\u00eakan e. Ev yek j\u00ee rave dike ku di dir\u00eajahiya d\u00eerok\u00ea de, \u00e7ima her\u00eam\u00ean c\u00eeran li dervay\u00ee \u00eemparatoriyan hatin hi\u015ftin, l\u00ea ten\u00ea \u015fer\u00ean mezin li her\u00eam\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00ee hev r\u00fb dane.<\/p>\n

\u00ceran, ber bi Asya Nav\u00een ve serweriya xwe berfireh kir \u00fb dewleta Erde\u015f\u00eer b\u00fb c\u00eeran\u00ea \u00c7\u00een\u00ea. Ronesansa \u00ceran\u00ea bi bazirgan\u00ee \u00fb qedexekirina avakirina navend\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fktin\u00ea li dervay\u00ee serweriya xwe da ku nebe hevrik, navdar b\u00fb. Bi gotineke din, mirov dikare b\u00eaje ku p\u00ea\u015fketin ji xwe re keysbaz dikir. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, ji aliyek\u00ee ve operasyon\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb ji aliy\u00ea din ve j\u00ee avakirina bajar\u00ean n\u00fb, p\u00eak hatin. Di encam\u00ea de, z\u00eadetir\u00ee 20 bajar\u00ean niha li \u00ceran\u00ea \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea ketin\u00a0 bin serweriya Erde\u015f\u00eer.<\/p>\n

Herik\u00eena kel\u00fbpelan a her\u00ee mezin, ji Rojhilat ber bi Rojava b\u00fb. Ev yek j\u00ee ji bo \u00eemparatoriy\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea, b\u00fb s\u00fbdek. Dema ku kel\u00fbpel digih\u00ee\u015ftin r\u00eaw\u00eetiya xwe ya daw\u00ee, bi hevr\u00fbkirina dema ku derbas\u00ee welat\u00ea Faris dibe, temen\u00ea xwe dib\u00fb duqat. \u00cemparator\u00ea B\u00eezans, Justinian yekem\u00een (527-565) biryar da ku l\u00eestoka \u00ceran\u00ea b\u00eabandor bike. Hewldana yekem\u00een a Justinian\u00a0 a dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirina \u00ceran\u00ea bi r\u00eaya Deryaya Sor \u00fb Oqyan\u00fbsa Hind\u00ee, t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fb. Wek\u00ee Will Durant di pirt\u00fbka xwe ya bi nav\u00ea”\u00c7\u00eeroka \u015earistan\u00ee” de got\u00ee:”Faris\u00ean ku s\u00eenor\u00ea Hindistan\u00ea\u00a0 kontrol kirib\u00fbn, bac\u00ean giran li ser bazirgan\u00ee feriz dikirin wek\u00ee ku di \u00ceran\u00ea bi xwe re derbas bibe. Dema ku Justinian di v\u00ea r\u00ea de bi bin ket, avakirina bender\u00ean deryay\u00ee li ser deryaya Re\u015f te\u015fw\u00eeq kirin”.<\/p>\n

Justinian giringiya bazirgan\u00ee ya Deryaya Re\u015f a heta w\u00ea dem\u00ea cudakir\u00ee, derxist hol\u00ea. R\u00eaya bazirgan\u00ee ya mezin ku ji bo \u00ceran\u00ea r\u00eaya dewlemend\u00ee b\u00fb, l\u00ea ji bo Roma \u00fb B\u00eezans\u00ea r\u00eaya hejar\u00ee b\u00fb. Ji ber ku\u00a0 veguhistina kel\u00fbpelan rojhilat\u00ee ji h\u00eaza Ewropay\u00ea mezintir b\u00fb. Ev yek j\u00ee li gor\u00ee behaney\u00ean ku Durant di”\u00c7\u00eeroka \u015earistan\u00ee” de \u00fb Toynbee di pirt\u00fbka”Kurte l\u00eakol\u00eena d\u00eerok\u00ea”de vegotine, yek ji sedem\u00ean t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna abor\u00ee b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Bikaran\u00eena v\u00ea hevk\u00ea\u015f\u00ea di \u015f\u00eerovekirina t\u00eakiliya di navbera ge\u015fb\u00fbn \u00fb binketina Rojhilat de bi xa\u00e7er\u00eaka bazirganiy\u00ea ve, ta radeyek\u00ea \u015f\u00eeroveyeke binirx b\u00fb. Serdem\u00ean pa\u015f\u00ea \u00ean dema desthilata islam\u00ea \u00fb serdem\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ee j\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea pi\u015ftrast dikin. Balk\u00ea\u015f e ku serweriya Ereban ya yekem\u00een heta dawiya serdema Umewiyan \u00fb pi\u015ftre serweriya cih\u00eareng a di sedema Ebasiyan de, li ser asta r\u00eaya bazirgan\u00ee tu afirandin\u00ean cograf\u00eek \u00e7\u00eanekirin. Bexdad bi xwe j\u00ee wek\u00ee stasyoneke karwanan b\u00fb, nexasim r\u00eaya ji Tesf\u00fbn\u00ea(Paytexta daw\u00ee ya dewleta Sasaniyan). Bajar\u00ea Kofa y\u00ea ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Bexdad\u00ea, bajar\u00ea ereban y\u00ea her\u00ee mezin ku di dema islam\u00ea de hate avakirin. Ev bajar dervay\u00ee r\u00eay\u00ean bazirgan\u00ee y\u00ean mezin b\u00fbn di dewleta islam\u00ea de. L\u00ea z\u00eade dir\u00eaj nekir \u00fb t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fb. L\u00ea bajar\u00ea Busray\u00ea ku Ereban n\u00eaz\u00ee cih\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea ber\u00ea(Abla) ava kirin, li ser ling\u00ea xwe ma \u00fb di aliy\u00ea bazirgan\u00ee de ge\u015f b\u00fb. Bajar\u00ea Kofay\u00ea bajarek\u00ee le\u015fker\u00ee b\u00fb, Busray\u00ea j\u00ee benderek\u00ee bazirgan\u00ee b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Ev r\u00eagez di nex\u015fereya bazirgan\u00ee ya gelek \u00eemparatoran de, h\u00ee\u015ft ku Ereb ber bi r\u00eay\u00ean \u00e7alak\u00ee serweriya xwe berfireh bikin da ku dahateyan ji Bilx a li Asya Nav\u00een heta Deryaya Sp\u00ee, bi dest bixin. L\u00ea b\u00ea ku di r\u00eabaz\u00ea isistimar\u00ea de r\u00eayeke c\u00fbda bigirin dest. Islam\u00ea guhartin\u00ean bi\u00e7\u00fbk li ser r\u00eaya navend\u00ee ya herik\u00eena bazirgan\u00ee, \u00e7\u00eakirin. Lewra, stasyon\u00ean sereke y\u00ean mezin b\u00ea guhartin wek\u00ee xwe man, ew j\u00ee derbas\u00ee Xerasan dib\u00fbn pi\u015ftre Rey\u00ee \u00fb Esfihan\u00ea. Guhartina ku dewleta Ebasiyan \u00e7\u00eakir, avakirina paytexteke n\u00fb Bexdad\u00ea di sala 762 zay\u00een\u00ea de b\u00fb. Bexdad b\u00fb komb\u00fbna bazirganiya c\u00eehan\u00ea wek\u00ee Babil beriya w\u00ea bi \u00e7end sedsalan. Dewleta Umawiyan ya beriya Ebasiyan j\u00ee, ne k\u00eam dewlemend\u00ee b\u00fb, l\u00ea bajar\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean li sr r\u00eaya tevgera sermayeya bazirgan\u00ee di bin serweriya s\u00eestemek\u00ee \u00e7\u00een\u00ee y\u00ea cudakar \u00ea zordest de b\u00fbn ku ji aliy\u00ea al\u00eegir\u00ean Ben\u00ee Umeya li \u015eam\u00ea\u00a0 dihate bikaran\u00een. Her\u00eam\u00ean n\u00fb ku art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean Musilmanan bi dest xistib\u00fbn, ji van derbey\u00ean giran ku ji aliy\u00ea serdestiya kurt a Ben\u00ee Umeya ya ku 90 sal\u00ee dewam kir, z\u00fb bi z\u00fb ba\u015f neb\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Di dema Ebasiyan de, “Sermay\u00ea ko\u00e7ber”vegeriya cih\u00ea xwe y\u00ea ber\u00ea. Bi gotineke din vegeriya, dest\u00ea bazirgan\u00ean ne\u00a0 Ereb \u00fb serweriya n\u00eejad\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee bi derbasb\u00fbna netewey\u00ean din di xizmeta dewlet\u00ea de, k\u00eam b\u00fb. Her wiha bazirgan\u00ee b\u00fb sedemeke lezg\u00een a binp\u00eakirina \u015f\u00eeret\u00ean P\u00eaxmeber\u00ea Islam\u00ea Mihemed \u00ea ku lixwekirina cil\u00ean hevr\u015fim\u00ee heram kirib\u00fb. Li her\u00eam\u00ea kargeh\u00ean hevr\u015fim\u00ee ge\u015f b\u00fbn \u00fb cil\u00ean hevr\u015fim\u00ee”Cil\u00ean \u015feref\u00ea”xel\u00eefey\u00ea li Bexdad\u00ea diyar\u00ee dilsoz\u00ean xwe kirin. Bi v\u00ea yek\u00ea, di serdema nav\u00een de, musilman b\u00fbne barizgan\u00ean mezin \u00ean hevr\u015fim\u00ee li c\u00eehan\u00ea.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea ev yek temen\u00ea xwe j\u00ee heb\u00fb \u00fb navend\u00ean Sasaniyan \u00ean kevin ji tix\u00fbb\u00ean \u00c7\u00een\u00ea heta Bexdad\u00ea ge\u015f b\u00fbn \u00fb bajar\u00ean nameya islam\u00ea(Meka \u00fb Med\u00eene El-Minewere) di serdana Ebasiyan de hatin pa\u015fguhkirin. \u00a0Di encam\u00ea de, pi\u015ft\u00ee du sedsalan ku xelk\u00ea ereb bi awayek\u00ee mezin ber\u00ea xwe didan bajar\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea, v\u00ea car\u00ea netewey\u00ean li \u00ceran\u00ea \u00fb Asya ber\u00ea xwe dan navend\u00ean Ereban y\u00ean n\u00fb. Lewra bajar\u00ean Islam\u00ea y\u00ean dervay\u00ee N\u00eevgirava Ereban, heta astek\u00ea b\u00fbne bajar\u00ean cih\u00eareng. Ev tevl\u00eehevkirin \u00fb hevbend\u00ee heta roja \u00eero li welat\u00ea \u015eam\u00ea \u00fb Raf\u00eedey\u00een heye.<\/p>\n

Hevd\u00eetina Kurdan \u00fb Tirkan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dema ku qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Tirkan \u00ean yekem\u00een di sala hezar\u00ee zay\u00een\u00ea de ber bi rojava ve hatin, yekem\u00een hevd\u00eetin di navbera Kurdan \u00fb Tirkan de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb.\u00a0 W\u00ea dem\u00ea qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Selocqiyan \u00fb y\u00ean din li Azrebican\u00ea bicih b\u00fbn \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Kurdan \u00fb Ermenan j\u00ea ko\u00e7ber b\u00fbn. Pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00e7end salan, qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Tirkan dest dan\u00een ser r\u00eaya bazirgan\u00ee ya ji Asya Nav\u00een heta Heleb\u00ea, l\u00ea bel\u00ea w\u00ea dem\u00ea ne dema ge\u015fkirin\u00ea b\u00fbn, dema talankirin \u00fb desteserkirin\u00ea b\u00fb. Her wiha guhartina demograf\u00eek a n\u00fb li Rojhilata Nav\u00een, b\u00fb sedema guhartina p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ea li welat. Pi\u015ft\u00ee ku hemleya Kurd \u00fb Ereban ya li dij\u00ee serdestiya bedew\u00ee ya le\u015fker\u00ee ya Tirkiy\u00ea li M\u00fbsil\u00ea t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fb, ji bo \u015fer navxwey\u00ee di navbera Kurdan \u00fb Tirkan de \u00e7\u00eanebe, r\u00eaberek\u00ee Kurdan bi dewleta Selcoqiyan a xurt li M\u00fbsil \u00fb \u00ceran\u00ea lihevkirinek p\u00eak an\u00ee. Di encam\u00ea de, art\u00ea\u015fa Dewleta Merwaniy\u00ea ya Kurdan tevl\u00ee nava Selcoqiyan b\u00fb \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee hevbe\u015f li dij\u00ee P\u00eezans\u00ea di yek giringtir\u00een \u015fer\u00ea di sedsala 11`an de \u00fb y\u00ea her\u00ee giring ji bo qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Tirkan \u00fb Kurdan “\u015eer\u00ea Milazgir”di sala 1071`an de \u015fer kirin. Di encam\u00ea de, P\u00eezans t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb paytexta Ermeniyan Exlat hate w\u00earankirin \u00fb hilwe\u015fandin. Ji w\u00ea roj\u00ea de \u00ead\u00ee neb\u00fb navedek\u00ea li w\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Heta wan deman, tu heb\u00fbneke Tirkan li bajaran neb\u00fb. Ango tu bajarek\u00ee Tirkiy\u00ea neb\u00fb. Li gor\u00ee herik\u00eena qeb\u00eeleyan ji Asya Nav\u00een ji sedsala 10 heta sedsala 13`an, t\u00ea pay\u00een ku li Asya Nav\u00een ji ber k\u00eamb\u00fbna ni\u015ftecihb\u00fbn li rojhilat\u00ea Deryaya Sp\u00ee, guhartineke mezin a nif\u00fbs\u00ea \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye. Kurd di \u015fer\u00ea Milazgir de bi art\u00ea\u015fa Selcoqiyan re lihev hatin, l\u00ea ev lihevhatin di encama lawazb\u00fbn \u00fb f\u00ealbaziy\u00ea b\u00fb. Li gor\u00ee nirxandin\u00ea l\u00eeder\u00ea Partiya Karker\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea PKK`\u00ea Ebdulah Ocalan, Kurd bi tevl\u00eab\u00fbna navan art\u00ea\u015fa Selcoqiyan, r\u00ea li p\u00ea\u015fiya qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea vekirin da ku ber bi Anadol\u00ea ve bi\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

Ev herik\u00een ji c\u00eerantiya Kurdistan\u00ea ber bi Anadol\u00ea ve, di sed sal\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea Milazgir de p\u00eak hat. L\u00ea b\u00eag\u00fbman di v\u00ea navber\u00ea de, \u015fer\u00ean navnxwey\u00ee y\u00ean car caran di navbera Kurd \u00fb Tirkan de r\u00fb da. Ev \u015fer\u00ean navxwey\u00ee li gor\u00ee \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean w\u00ea dem\u00ea, di serdema Fermandar\u00ea Kurd Selahd\u00een Ey\u00fbb\u00ee p\u00eak hat \u00fb ya her\u00ee xw\u00eenrij j\u00ee di sala 1185`an de li M\u00fbsil\u00ea \u00fb Cez\u00eer\u00ea p\u00eak hat. L\u00ea \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean di van serdeman de, xwe li ser van \u015feran b\u00eadeng kirine.<\/p>\n

Di encam\u00ea de, bazirganiya di navbera \u00ceran, Anadol \u00fb welat\u00ean \u015eam\u00ea de, qut b\u00fb. Her wiha bajar\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ean aloz\u00ee \u00fb \u015feran di navbera M\u00fbsil, \u015eehrez\u00fbr \u00fb Cez\u00eer\u00ea de, w\u00earan b\u00fbn. Di heman dem\u00ea de, hejmareke z\u00eade ya Kurd \u00fb Ereban ji Kurdistan\u00ea \u00fb Mezopotamiyay\u00ea ko\u00e7ber b\u00fbn. Hevdem\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea, diyardeyeke din di demeke kurt de r\u00fb da \u00fb li dervay\u00ee vegotin\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee ma; ew j\u00ee heb\u00fbna qeb\u00eeleyan Ereban li bajar \u00fb m\u00earg\u00ean ku ber\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee mezin l\u00ea bicih b\u00fbb\u00fbn, nema. Wek\u00ee Esfehan, Hemezan \u00fb\u00a0 \u015e\u00eeraz. L\u00ea li hember\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, Kurdan di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de xwe ji xeteriya ku Tirk xwe li cih\u00ea Kurdan bicih bikin, parastin. L\u00ea ev yek b\u00fb sedem ku Kurdistan serweriya xwe ya her\u00eam\u00ee jidest bide \u00fb b\u00fb eniyeke bi Tirkiy\u00ea ku Kurdan xwe j\u00ea d\u00fbr digirtin. Bi v\u00ea yek\u00ea, giraniya ni\u015ftecihb\u00fbna Tirkan derbas\u00ee her\u00eama rojavay\u00ea Firat\u00ea b\u00fb: Welat\u00ea Rom.<\/p>\n

Di demeke ku serdema Ebasiyan sala 1258 de rast\u00ee derbeya Mexolan dihat, navend\u00ean ereban \u00ean bazirgan\u00ee wek\u00ee Meka navenda islam\u00ea, ber bi tuneb\u00fbn\u00ea ve di\u00e7\u00fb. Her wiha Ereb j\u00ee di dewleta Islam\u00ea de, b\u00fbne k\u00eamnetewe. Di heman dem\u00ea de, Kurd serxweb\u00fbna xwe ya r\u00eaveber\u00ee ji dest dan \u00fb bajar\u00ean rojhilat di dir\u00eajahiya s\u00ea sedsalan, b\u00fbne navend\u00ean \u015fer\u00ean giran \u00ean navbera \u015fax\u00ean qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Tirkan \u00ean ku dihatin her\u00eam\u00ea. Di w\u00ea p\u00eavajoya d\u00eerok\u00ee de, her\u00eama rojhilat\u00ea Deryaya Sp\u00ee di aliy\u00ea w\u00earankirina bajaran \u00fb serdestiya Bedewiyan, b\u00fb wek\u00ee de\u015ft\u00ean Asya Nav\u00een.<\/p>\n

R\u00eaxistinkirina Mexolan ji bazirgan\u00ee re<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee belavb\u00fbna nav\u00ea hevr\u00ee\u015fm\u00ee, l\u00ea hevr\u00ee\u015fm\u00ee ne kel\u00fbpel\u00ea serek y\u00ea di navbera Rojava \u00fb Rojhilat de b\u00fb. Li gor\u00ee zihinyeta desthildariya hakim, bazirgan\u00ee j\u00ee dihate guhartin.<\/p>\n

Dewlet\u00ean bazirgan\u00ee di sedsala 13`an de, ber\u00ea xwe dan ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Ewropay\u00ea, nexasim Cenwa \u00fb Bundiqiye da ku stasyon\u00ean bazirgan\u00ee y\u00ean mezin li be\u015f\u00ean B\u00eezans\u00ea \u00fb Deryaya Re\u015f ava bikin. Di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de, bazirganiya koleyan bi awayek\u00ee mezin p\u00ea\u015fket, l\u00ea v\u00ea car\u00ea ne wek\u00ee xizmetkar wek\u00ee \u015fervan. D\u00eeroknas Peter Francoban j\u00ee hin guhartin\u00ean di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, di pirt\u00fbka xwe ya bi nav\u00ea”R\u00eaya Hevri\u015fm\u00ee” an\u00ee ziman. Francoban bal ki\u015fand ser sekandina giyan\u00ea bazirgan\u00ee y\u00ea Cenwa \u00fb Bundiqiye li p\u00ea\u015fber\u00ee ferman\u00ean Baba y\u00ean qedexekirina firotina koleyan ji Musilman re di dawiya \u015fer\u00ean Xa\u00e7eperestan.<\/p>\n

Di encama v\u00ea yek\u00ea de, diyardeyek derket \u00fb guhartin\u00ean bingeh\u00een di aliy\u00ea siyas\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee de li rojhilat \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn, dema ku Memalik wek\u00ee h\u00eazek\u00ea serwer\u00ee li ser navend\u00ean desthildariy\u00ea y\u00ean sereke li Misir \u00fb welat\u00ea \u015eam\u00ea, kirin. Dema ku her\u00eam ten\u00ea bi nav ji aliy\u00ea xel\u00eefey\u00ean Ebasiyan ve dihate bir\u00eavebirin, di roj\u00ean xwe y\u00ean daw\u00ee de dewlet\u00ea bac giran kirin \u00fb gih\u00ee\u015ft astek\u00ea ku ji sed\u00ee 30 bac li ser kel\u00fbpel\u00ean derbas dibin, werin ferizkirin. Ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea, gelek bazirgan\u00ean ji Asya \u00fb Ewropay\u00ea r\u00eaya Deryaya Re\u015f bikar dikan\u00een. Hevdem\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee Mexolan\u00a0 di serdema Ceng\u00eezxan de, dest bi tevger\u00ea kirin \u00fb destp\u00eaka R\u00eaya Hevri\u015fim\u00ee, Asya Nav\u00een \u00fb Qizw\u00een kontrol kirin. Tev\u00ee h\u00eaza w\u00earanker a le\u015fker\u00ee ya Mexolan, l\u00ea nav\u00ea wan di d\u00eerok\u00ea de wek\u00ee h\u00eazek\u00ea ku dikarib\u00fbn bazirgan\u00ee bir\u00eave bibin hate niv\u00eesandin \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee mezin bac li ser karwanan k\u00eam kirin.\u00a0 Ev yek b\u00fb sedem ku r\u00eaya ji bakur a ku di Deryeya Re\u015f re derbas dib\u00fb heta Qistent\u00eeniy\u00ea \u00fb Ewropay\u00ea, xurtir bibe.<\/p>\n

Ji bo Mexolan navenda c\u00eehan\u00ea \u00c7\u00een b\u00fb. Eger ne ji b\u00fbyer bazirganan b\u00fbye, Ceng\u00eezxan \u00eari\u015f\u00ee c\u00eehana islam\u00ee nedikir. Ceng\u00eezxan di sala 1218`an de, 450 bazirgan\u00ean musliman \u00ean al\u00eegir\u00ean xwe r\u00eakirin dewleta c\u00eeran a bi h\u00eaz li rojava ango dewleta Xewarizm\u00ee. Yek\u00a0 ji wez\u00eer\u00ean Sultan Xewarizm\u00ee bazirgan bi tawana s\u00eex\u00fbrtiy\u00ea ku\u015ftin. Ceng\u00eezxan di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de, li jin\u00fbve vekirina r\u00eaya Xuresan a bazirgan\u00ee dikir ku di serdema nav\u00een de bi v\u00ee nav\u00ee dihat naskirin. L\u00ea hewldana w\u00ee ya bi r\u00eabaz\u00ea a\u015fitiy\u00ea, t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Vegera Marco Polo ji welat\u00ea Mexol li welat\u00ea xwe Bundiqiy\u00ea sala 1292, xweza veguhistina di navbera r\u00eaya deryey\u00ee \u00fb bejah\u00ee di serdema Mexolyan de, destn\u00ee\u015fan dike. Ne veguhistina kel\u00fbpelan r\u00eaw\u00eetiya yek ji wan r\u00eayan diyar dikir, ji ber ku gelek caran \u015fer\u00ean navexwey\u00ee li ser r\u00eaya bejah\u00ee r\u00fb didan. \u015eans\u00ea Marco Polo ba\u015f b\u00fb dema ku \u00eemparator Kublai Xan r\u00eaw\u00eet\u00ee li ser w\u00ee qedexe kir, dema ku m\u00eer\u00ea Mexol\u00ee y\u00ea ku welat\u00ea Faris hukim dikir, b\u00fbkek ji paytexta day\u00eeka gel\u00ean Mexol(Qeraqorim) xwest. Ji ber ku w\u00ea dem\u00ea \u015fer di navbera qeb\u00eeley\u00ean Teter de li ser r\u00eaya bejah\u00ee r\u00fb didan, biryar hate day\u00een ku karwan\u00ea b\u00fbk\u00ea di r\u00eaya deryey\u00ee ji \u00c7\u00een\u00ea heta \u00ceran\u00ea, derbas bibe. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee p\u00eaw\u00eest\u00ee bi Marco Polo \u00fb bav \u00fb ap\u00ea w\u00ee heb\u00fb. Ji ber ku ev hers\u00ea j\u00ee di r\u00eay\u00ean deryey\u00ee de pispor b\u00fbn. Ji ber ba \u00fb bahozan, ev r\u00eaw\u00eet\u00ee du salan dewam kir \u00fb hindik ma b\u00fb ku b\u00eah\u00eavit\u00ee li ser Marco serwer bibe.<\/p>\n

Bajar\u00ean ku bazirganiya tranz\u00eet\u00ea diparastin, bi awayek\u00ee lezg\u00een vedigeriyan jiyan\u00ea. Ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea j\u00ee, bajar\u00ea \u00ceran\u00ea Esfehan pi\u015f\u00ee w\u00earaniy\u00ea, jiyan l\u00ea vegeriya. Piraniya caran dagirkeran, ev bajar ava kirin da ku ji taybetmendiy\u00ean w\u00ea s\u00fbd bigirin. Pi\u015ft\u00ee sed salan ji w\u00earankirin\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea Hulagu ve, gerok\u00ea Fas\u00ea Ibin Betota(1304-1377) di gera xwe ya li \u00c7\u00een\u00ea de, serdana bajar\u00ea Esfehan kir. Ibin Betota ti\u015ft\u00ean ku der bar\u00ea comerdiya xelk\u00ea bajar\u00ea ji m\u00eavanan re bih\u00eest, niv\u00eesand \u00fb da zan\u00een ku xelk\u00ea bajar m\u00eavan p\u00ea\u015fwaz dikirin \u00fb li ser agir\u00ea m\u00fbm\u00ea xwarin ji wan re \u00e7\u00eadikirin, her wiha hinek xelk\u00ea din j\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee ba\u015ftire xwarin hazir dikirin \u00fb li ser caw\u00ea hevir\u015fim\u00ea, xwarin \u00e7\u00eadikirin.<\/p>\n

Serdem\u00ean ge\u015fb\u00fbn\u00ea li \u00ceran\u00ea diyar dike ku ew bingeha desthildariy\u00ea ye \u00fb di dem\u00ean ku Mexol\u00ee di bajar\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea de belav dib\u00fbn, \u00ceran b\u00fb navenda xanedan\u00ean Mexolan. Lewra j\u00ee r\u00eaya Xuresan a karwanan a kevin b\u00fb sedem ku bajar\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea jin\u00fbve ge\u015f bibin \u00fb Bexdad hate pa\u015fguhkirin. Cara yek\u00ea ye ku di serdema 4 sedsalan de, bazirgan\u00ee ji dest\u00ea Bexdad\u00ea derdikeve \u00fb vedigere r\u00eay\u00ean Barth\u00ea y\u00ean beriya Sasaniyan. Bexdad ne ten\u00ea li p\u00ea\u015fiya Esfehan pa\u015fde vegeriya, l\u00ea bel\u00ea li p\u00ea\u015fiya Tipr\u00eez\u00ea ku bi saya xeta bazirganiya navdewlet\u00ee ku t\u00eare derbas dib\u00fb ge\u015f b\u00fb, pa\u015fde vegeriya. Tipr\u00eez di sedsala 14`an de b\u00fb paytexta Mexolan \u00ean ku tevl\u00ee nava musilmat\u00ee b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Werger ji ereb\u00ee: Kendal C\u00fbd\u00ee<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ceran, ber bi Asya Nav\u00een ve serweriya xwe berfireh kir \u00fb dewleta Erde\u015f\u00eer b\u00fb c\u00eeran\u00ea \u00c7\u00een\u00ea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":330,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lekolin"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00eaya dewlemend\u00ee \u00fb hejar\u00ee\u2026 Ji Erde\u015f\u00ear ta bi Mexolan - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/reya-dewlemendi-u-hejari-ji-erdeser-ta-bi-mexolan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00eaya dewlemend\u00ee \u00fb hejar\u00ee\u2026 Ji Erde\u015f\u00ear ta bi Mexolan - 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