{"id":3046,"date":"2025-11-13T08:55:43","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T08:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=3046"},"modified":"2025-11-13T08:55:43","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T08:55:43","slug":"1-139","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-139\/","title":{"rendered":"Gelo em dikarin ji \u015fer\u00ean nasnamey\u00ea w\u00eadetir biaxivin?"},"content":{"rendered":"

F\u00eeras Seraqib\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Ji dema ku j\u00ea re “Bihara Ereban” t\u00ea gotin, Rojhilata Nav\u00een di d\u00eeroka xwe ya n\u00fbjen de serdemek traj\u00eek derbas kiriye. Rew\u015fek karesatbar a w\u00earankirina bajaran \u00fb jiyana civak\u00ee bi gi\u015ft\u00ee \u00fb herwiha komkujiy\u00ean bi aliy\u00ean mezheb\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ee heye: Qirkirina \u00eaz\u00eediyan ji h\u00eala DAI\u015e\u00ea ve li Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriyay\u00ea; qirkirina mezheb\u00ee ya hem elewiyan \u00fb hem j\u00ee durziyan ji h\u00eala h\u00eaz\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee “hik\u00fbmeta veguh\u00eaz” li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea; qirkirina z\u00eadetir\u00ee 800 siv\u00eel\u00ean \u00eesra\u00eel\u00ee, li gor\u00ee Ajansa France-Presse (hejmarek ku ji \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Duyem\u00een vir ve li dij\u00ee cih\u00fbyan nehatiye d\u00eetin), ji h\u00eala Hamas\u00ea ve di dema ti\u015ft\u00ea ku j\u00ea re “Operasyona Lehiya El-Eqsay\u00ea” di 7\u00ea Cotmeh\u00ea de hate gotin \u00fb ku\u015ftina bi deh hezaran filist\u00eeniyan di \u00ear\u00ee\u015fa dij\u00ear\u00ee\u015fa \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea de ku n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee du salan dom kir. Di van hem\u00fb qirkirinan de faktorek hevpar j\u00ee heye: Nasname.<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de bi van karesat \u00fb qirkirinan re, celebek got\u00fbb\u00eaja li ser bingeha nasnamey\u00ea li v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea bi tund\u00ee \u00e7alak e. Di bingeha xwe de, ew bi taybetmendiy\u00ean yekal\u00ee \u00fb pir caran bi tund\u00ee d\u00fbrxistin\u00ea ve t\u00ea diyarkirin. Ev di asta siyaset\u00ean hik\u00fbmet\u00ea \u00fb r\u00eaxistin\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, nemaze y\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee de \u00e7\u00eadibe. Aktor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee (bi taybet\u00ee Tirkiya \u00fb \u00cesra\u00eel) \u00fb aktor\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee (Amer\u00eeka \u00fb hin welat\u00ean Yek\u00eetiya Ewropay\u00ea) pi\u015ftgir\u00ee didin v\u00ea gotara nasnamey\u00ea di hewldanek\u00ea de ku pi\u015ft\u00ee hilwe\u015fandina hevpeyman\u00ean \u00ceran \u00fb mil\u00ees\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee w\u00ea, an j\u00ee ti\u015ft\u00ea ku wek\u00ee “Eksena Berxwedan\u00ea” dihat nas\u00een, li her\u00eam\u00ea ji bo bandor\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fbaziy\u00ea bikin.<\/p>\n

Gelo mimkun e ku alternat\u00eef\u00ean li dervey\u00ee mantiqa v\u00ea pev\u00e7\u00fbna nasnamey\u00ea ya kujer werin d\u00eetin? \u00db mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean ji bo hilberandina van alternat\u00eefan \u00e7i ne ku dikarin bibin sedema nirx \u00fb hevpariy\u00ean n\u00fb, k\u00eamtir tund \u00fb w\u00earanker?<\/p>\n

“Nijadkirina” nasnamey\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di dema \u015eer\u00ea Navxwey\u00ee y\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de, di ti\u015ft\u00ea ku hin kes j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin “qonaxa duyem\u00een”, pirsa nasnameya netewey\u00ee di nav h\u00eaz\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee y\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de bi awayek\u00ee cuda derket hol\u00ea. Li welatek\u00ee ku ji ber \u015fer par\u00e7e b\u00fbye, rej\u00eema hey\u00ee \u00fb al\u00eegir\u00ean w\u00ea bi gotin\u00ean “qurban\u00ee” \u00fb “bertek” li hember ti\u015ft\u00ean ku di “qonaxa yekem” a \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee de qewim\u00eene diaxivin. Model\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea, wek\u00ee federal\u00eezm \u00fb nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn, wek\u00ee \u00e7areser\u00ee ji bo rastiya n\u00fb t\u00eane p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin.<\/p>\n

Di rastiy\u00ea de, komkujiy\u00ean ku ji hilwe\u015f\u00eena rej\u00eema El-Esed ve li dij\u00ee elew\u00ee \u00fb durziyan hatine kirin, bi piran\u00ee ji ber m\u00eerateya nasnameya netewey\u00ee b\u00fbn ku pi\u015ft\u00ee serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea dest bi \u015fekildan\u00ea kir. Ev nasname bi r\u00eaya t\u00eagiha piraniya ol\u00ee t\u00ea \u00eefadekirin, ku bi bingeh\u00een li ser d\u00fbrxistin \u00fb marj\u00eenal\u00eezekirina her c\u00fbdahiy\u00ea ye. Di rew\u015fa me de, dewlet nasnameya xwe ya netewey\u00ee ya ol\u00ee \u00fb etn\u00eek\u00ee bi r\u00eaya siyaset \u00fb am\u00fbr\u00ean xwe y\u00ean \u00eedeoloj\u00eek (s\u00eestema perwerdehiy\u00ea, medyay\u00ea, betlaney\u00ean ferm\u00ee, qan\u00fbna qan\u00fbn\u00ee, dest\u00fbr, hwd.) hildiber\u00eene. Nasnameya netewey\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea xuya dike ku di r\u00eaveb0eriy\u00ea de ji komeke taybet\u00ee (misilman\u00ean ereb \u00ean sun\u00ee) re muameleya terc\u00eeh\u00ee dide, carinan bi hinceta serdestiya hejmar\u00ee ya bi ol \u00fb etn\u00ees\u00eetey\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee, \u00fb carinan j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya vegotina qurban\u00eeb\u00fbna sun\u00ee ku qa\u015fo ji ber desthilatdariya rej\u00eema El-Esed, bav \u00fb kur, derketiye hol\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Heta slogana “yek e, yek e, gel\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea yek e,” di dema ti\u015ft\u00ea ku di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya “Bihara Ereban” de wek\u00ee “\u015eore\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea” dihat binavkirin de, gelek zext \u00fb tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee vedi\u015fart. Ev “yek\u00eet\u00ee” ji \u00eefadeyeke zextkar a cih\u00eareng\u00ee \u00fb c\u00fbdahiy\u00ean di navbera gel \u00fb civak\u00ean cuda y\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de ti\u015ftek din neb\u00fb.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea ji bo ku em f\u00eam bikin ka nasname \u00e7awa vediguhere pergaleke sembol\u00eek a tund\u00fbt\u00fbj ku ku\u015ftin\u00ea rewa dike, div\u00ea em wateya nasnamey\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7awaniya avakirina w\u00ea diyar bikin.<\/p>\n

Nasname ji gir\u00eadana di navbera du heb\u00fbn\u00ean cuda de di nav yek hevk\u00ea\u015feya civak\u00ee de derdikeve hol\u00ea: 1. “Ez” behsa a\u00eediyeta min a taybetmendiy\u00ean takekes\u00ee y\u00ean taybet\u00ee (xweya takekes\u00ee) dike. 2. “Em” heb\u00fbna me ya civak\u00ee tems\u00eel dike, ku a\u00eediyeteke kolekt\u00eef (xweya kolekt\u00eef) \u00eefade dike. Her referansa takekes\u00ee ya taybetmendiyek taybet\u00ee, bi awayek\u00ee an awayek\u00ee din, bi ti\u015ftek\u00ee li dervey\u00ee xweya takekes\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye; ango, ew bi xweyeke bilindtir \u00fb berfirehtir ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye – xweya kolekt\u00eef.<\/p>\n

Di encama v\u00ea gir\u00eadana di navbera ast\u00ean takekes\u00ee \u00fb kolekt\u00eef de, nasname wek\u00ee avahiyek civak\u00ee-\u00e7and\u00ee t\u00ea avakirin ku di nav rastiyek siyas\u00ee ya taybet\u00ee de diteyise. L\u00ea \u00e7i dibe ku ev avahiya civak\u00ee-\u00e7and\u00ee bibe bingeha \u00e7alakiya siyas\u00ee ya mezheb\u00ee di nav civak\u00ea de?<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de, ev avah\u00ee dibe ku bibe sedema xwestekek ji bo \u00eefadekirina \u00eeradeyek subjekt\u00eef ji bo w\u00ea nasnamey\u00ea, da ku me\u015fr\u00fbiyeta mezheb\u00ee \u00fb maf\u00ean taybet\u00ee were xwestin (em her\u00ee z\u00eade ne \u00fb maf\u00ea me heye ku em hukum bikin ji ber ku nasnameya me ya ol\u00ee pile bilindtir ji nasnamey\u00ean din digire). Ev pile, bo nim\u00fbne, di qan\u00fbna S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de, wek\u00ee “ola her\u00ee bi r\u00fbmet” t\u00ea binavkirin, ku \u00eeslam e. Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya \u00e7anda siyas\u00ee ya ereban de bi gi\u015ft\u00ee, \u00eeslam “ola dewlet\u00ea” ye \u00fb \u00e7avkaniya qan\u00fbn\u00ean exlaq\u00ea gi\u015ft\u00ee \u00fb nirx\u00ean civak\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Di dawiy\u00ea de, dir\u00fb\u015fmeya “em p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee” d\u00ea bibe bingeha \u015fer\u00ean nasnamey\u00ea y\u00ean xeternak; ew dikare bibe bingeha maf\u00ean serwer\u00ee \u00fb rewatiy\u00ea, ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku maf (ku di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de aliyek her\u00eam\u00ee digirin) li ser her ragihandinek maq\u00fbl \u00fb n\u00eeqa\u015fek civak\u00ee ya berfirehtir gir\u00eengtir in.<\/p>\n

T\u00eagiha “nijadkirina” nasnamey\u00ea behsa dan\u00eena aliyek\u00ee biyoloj\u00eek ji bo avahiyek civak\u00ee-\u00e7and\u00ee dike, ku nasname wek\u00ee encama p\u00eavajoyek genet\u00eek\u00ee xuya dike (wek ku mirov reng\u00ea \u00e7erm an \u00e7av\u00ean xwe m\u00eeras digire), ne wek\u00ee diyardeyek civak\u00ee-\u00e7and\u00ee; berhemek hilbijartin\u00ean azad \u00ean takekes\u00ee bi aliy\u00ean tevlihev; \u00fb p\u00eavajoyek tevlihev a civak\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea. Bi gotineke din, t\u00eagiha “nijadkirin\u00ea” her d\u00eenam\u00eezma takekes\u00ee an t\u00eakiliya civak\u00ee t\u00eak dide, di heman dem\u00ea de tekez li ser diyarkeriya genet\u00eek\u00ee ya nasnamey\u00ea dike. Xetera v\u00ea t\u00eagiha\u015ftina nasnamey\u00ea di w\u00ea rastiy\u00ea de ye ku ew ji aliyek\u00ee ve her maf\u00ea takekes\u00ee y\u00ea \u00eefadekirin an guhertina baweriy\u00ean xwe t\u00eak dide \u00fb ji aliy\u00ea din ve meylek bingeh\u00een \u00fb k\u00eamker a ber bi nasnamey\u00ea ve n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/p>\n

P\u00eavajoya “nijadkirina” nasnamey\u00ea dikare bibe hincetek ji bo zilm\u00ea, an j\u00ee ji bo ku\u015ftin\u00ean girsey\u00ee \u00fb qirkirin\u00ea, ji ber ku, li gor\u00ee mantiqa v\u00ea t\u00eagih\u00ea, “hem\u00fb” y\u00ean ku gir\u00eaday\u00ee nasnameyek taybet\u00ee ne, bi awayek\u00ee otomat\u00eek\u00ee bi hev re xwed\u00ee heman taybetmendiy\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fwextkir\u00ee ne. Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee, retor\u00eeka “em p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee” li hember “ew” dibe h\u00eaza ajotin\u00ea ya rast\u00een a li pi\u015ft \u015fer\u00ean kujer \u00ean li ser bingeha nasnamey\u00ea, an j\u00ee hinceta komkuj\u00ee \u00fb qirkirin\u00ea. Li her\u00eama me, gelek kes ji v\u00ea p\u00eavajoya “nijadkirina” nasnamey\u00ea cefay\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eenin, ku di gelek rew\u015fan de, kesek pi\u015ft\u00ee ku li ser a\u00eediyeta xwe t\u00ea pirs\u00een, jiyana xwe ji dest dide.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, gir\u00eeng e ku meriv wateya peyva “jenos\u00eed” diyar bike. Li gor\u00ee p\u00eanaseya Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee ya jenos\u00eed\u00ea, ew t\u00ea wateya tunekirina tevah\u00ee an qism\u00ee ya komeke etn\u00eek\u00ee an ol\u00ee bi ku\u015ftina endam\u00ean kom\u00ea; zirara f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee an der\u00fbn\u00ee li endam\u00ean kom\u00ea; an j\u00ee bi zaneb\u00fbn \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean jiyan\u00ea y\u00ean ku ji bo tunekirina w\u00ea ya f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee bi tevah\u00ee an qism\u00ee t\u00eane hesibandin, li ser kom\u00ea ferz dike.<\/p>\n

Gelo ne div\u00ea maf\u00ean li welat\u00ean me (bi taybet\u00ee maf\u00ea jiyan\u00ea \u00fb maf\u00ea \u00eefadey\u00ea) di ser\u00ee de wek\u00ee maf\u00ean takekes\u00ee werin d\u00eetin? Wek\u00ee din, ma ne \u00e7\u00eatir e ku s\u00fbc\u00ean ku hatine kirin wek\u00ee s\u00fbc\u00ean bi s\u00fbcdarek\u00ee taybet\u00ee (bi k\u00eaman\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea qan\u00fbn\u00ee\/dadwer\u00ee ve) \u00fb pa\u015fxaneyek \u00eedeoloj\u00eek werin hesibandin, ne ku s\u00fbc\u00ean li ser bingeha nasnameya ku kesek p\u00ea re \u00e7\u00eadibe? Gelo \u00eaz\u00eed\u00ee li ser bingeha v\u00ea “etn\u00ees\u00eezasyona” nasnameya wan a ol\u00ee nehatine tunekirin? Wiha xuya dike ku z\u00eehniyeta DAI\u015e\u00ea li gor\u00ee modelek siyas\u00ee ya pir modern tevdigere, her \u00e7end ew xwe disp\u00eare metn\u00ean ol\u00ee; ango, ew li gor\u00ee mantiqa j\u00ear\u00een tevdigere: Em “neteweya \u00eeslam\u00ee” ne ku di “Dewleta \u00ceslam\u00ee li Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriyay\u00ea” de cih digire, \u00fb “em” ten\u00ea xwediy\u00ea serwer\u00ee \u00fb rewatiy\u00ea ne, l\u00ea ev \u00eaz\u00eed\u00ee komeke etn\u00eek\u00ee\/ol\u00ee ne ku div\u00ea werin kolekirin an j\u00ee tunekirin.<\/p>\n

DAI\u015e di\u015fibihe b\u00eerdoziya neteweperest a ku di nav rej\u00eem\u00ean Beis\u00ea de (Sedam His\u00ean \u00fb El-Esed) k\u00fbr hatiye \u00e7andin, b\u00eerdoziyek ku bi bingeh\u00een li ser yekkirina “netewe” di nav yek “welat\u00ea ereb” de ye, digel hem\u00ee d\u00fbrxistin, ko\u00e7berkirin \u00fb komkujiy\u00ean ku ev welat li dij\u00ee k\u00eamneteweyan \u00fb kom\u00ean din \u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee dihew\u00eene (wek\u00ee ku li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, m\u00eenak\u00ee, di dema ko\u00e7berkirina bi zor\u00ea ya cotkar\u00ean kurd ji h\u00eala rej\u00eema Beis\u00ea ve li ti\u015ft\u00ea ku wek\u00ee “Kembera Ereb” li Par\u00eazgeha Hesek\u00ea t\u00ea zan\u00een de bi ser\u00ea kurdan hat).<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee din, Heyet Tehr\u00eer El-\u015eam (ber\u00ea Cebhet El-Nusra), ku pi\u015ft\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena rej\u00eema El-Esed bi hik\u00fbmeta niha ya li \u015eam\u00ea re b\u00fb yek, m\u00eeratgir\u00ea b\u00eerdoziya v\u00ea b\u00eerdoziya dewleta netewe ya yekpare ye, ku her gav amade ye ku li dij\u00ee k\u00eamnetewey\u00ean ol\u00ee \u00fb kom\u00ean din \u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee komkujiyan bike.<\/p>\n

\u015eer\u00ea x\u00eetaban<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena rej\u00eem\u00ea \u00fb rev\u00eena Be\u015far El-Esed di kan\u00fbna p\u00ea\u015f\u00een a bor\u00ee de, li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea hin stran\u00ean populer \u00ean li ser d\u00eerok\u00ea derketin hol\u00ea. Yek ji wan stranan hevok\u00ean wek\u00ee “Xwed\u00ea Emewiyan p\u00eeroz kir,” \u00fb “Em sun\u00ee ne, nasname, sun\u00ee ji Emewiyan.” B\u00eay\u00ee ku gelek ji van kesan li ser d\u00eeroka ku ew distir\u00ean n\u00ee\u015fan bidin, ev banga d\u00eerok\u00ee di\u015fibihe h\u00eaman\u00ean fa\u015f\u00eezm \u00fb naz\u00eezm\u00ea. Ew vegera d\u00eerok\u00ee ya \u00eemparatoriy\u00ean ewropay\u00ee y\u00ean ber\u00ea vedihew\u00eene, ku d\u00fbv re wek\u00ee celebek serweriy\u00ea ji bo nasnameyek ku ew bi awayek\u00ee d\u00fbrxistin \u00fb tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve hilber\u00eenin t\u00ea r\u00fbmetkirin.<\/p>\n

Ev banga d\u00eerok\u00ee bi r\u00eaya ti\u015ft\u00ea ku em j\u00ea re dib\u00eajin gotara d\u00eerok\u00ee\/siyas\u00ee t\u00ea kirin. Bi gotineke din, ev banga d\u00eerok\u00ee di hilber\u00eena nasnamey\u00ea de avahiyek bi tevah\u00ee \u00eedeoloj\u00eek\/got\u00fbb\u00eaj e, ku t\u00ea de nasname dibe am\u00fbrek \u00eedeoloj\u00eek ji bo \u015fer\u00ean siyas\u00ee di dema niha de. L\u00ea gotar \u00e7awa bi desthilatdariy\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne? \u00db ev gotar\/\u00eedeolojiy\u00ean li ser d\u00eerok\u00ea \u00e7awa kiryar\u00ean qirkirin\u00ea rewa dikin?<\/p>\n

Di waneya xwe ya navdar “Div\u00ea civak b\u00ea parastin” de li Coll\u00e8ge de France, Michel Foucault li ser p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna avahiy\u00ean desthilatdariya serwer \u00fb gotara wan a li ser rewatiy\u00ea, di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya veguher\u00een\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee di bikaran\u00eena desthilatdariy\u00ea de \u00fb t\u00eakiliya w\u00ea bi zan\u00een\u00ea re, n\u00eeqa\u015f dike. Gotara felsef\u00ee\/hiq\u00fbq\u00ee beriya gotara d\u00eerok\u00ee\/siyas\u00ee derket hol\u00ea \u00fb ev derketin du aliy\u00ean bingeh\u00een hene:<\/p>\n