{"id":2921,"date":"2025-09-29T07:28:26","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T07:28:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=2921"},"modified":"2025-09-29T07:28:26","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T07:28:26","slug":"1-114","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-114\/","title":{"rendered":"Gelo nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn dikare li ser rew\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea were sepandin?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015eore\u015f Derw\u00ee\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n

Deng\u00ean s\u00fbriyay\u00ee bilind dibin \u00fb daxwaza jin\u00fbveavakirina pergaleke siyas\u00ee ya li ser bingeha r\u00eaveberiya nenavend\u00ee ya berfirehkir\u00ee dikin, pi\u015ft\u00ee qonaxa yekem a \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee di bin serokatiya Be\u015far El-Esed de pi\u015ft\u00ee serhildana gel\u00ear\u00ee ya li dij\u00ee desthilatdariya w\u00ee. Pi\u015ftre, di qonaxa xwe ya duyem\u00een de, hik\u00fbmeta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ya niha li her\u00eama perav\u00ea, Siw\u00eayda \u00fb dever\u00ean din \u00ean belavb\u00fby\u00ee li dij\u00ee kom\u00ean civaka siv\u00eel \u015fer kir, bi \u00eeht\u00eemala ku rej\u00eema part\u00ee \u00fb hi\u015f\u00ea girt\u00ee wal\u00eat biki\u015f\u00eene nav \u00e7erx\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiy\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Dibe ku nakokiya berdewam di navbera avakirina pergaleke nenavend\u00ee ya berfirehkir\u00ee an j\u00ee parastina pergaleke pir navend\u00ee de encama ti\u015ft\u00ean ku di 15 sal\u00ean bor\u00ee de li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea qewim\u00eene \u00fb diqewimin be. Al\u00eegir\u00ean nenavend\u00eekirin\u00ea ji bo p\u00eaw\u00eestiya pergaleke n\u00fb ku neb\u00fbna baweriy\u00ea di navbera kom\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de, pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean edaleta civak\u00ee, p\u00ea\u015fkeftina hevseng \u00fb maf\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee, ziman\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ee y\u00ean kom\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea li ber \u00e7avan bigire, n\u00eeqa\u015f dikin. Ev s\u00eestem fikar\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee “zordariya piraniy\u00ea” (pi\u015ft\u00ee ku rayedaran maf\u00ea axaftin\u00ea li ser nav\u00ea piraniy\u00ea \u00fb tems\u00eelkirina wan desteser kirin) sivik dike, bi v\u00ee away\u00ee yekpar\u00e7eyiya axa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dipar\u00eaze \u00fb fikar\u00ean li ser dabe\u015fkirin\u00ea k\u00eam dike. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn dibe \u00e7\u00eementoya ku civak\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi hev ve gir\u00ea dide \u00fb yek\u00eetiya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dipar\u00eaze, ji serdestiya navend\u00ea \u00fb mezinb\u00fbna pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean part\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee di nav w\u00ea de azad e.<\/p>\n

Li hember v\u00ea yek\u00ea, hevpeymaniyek ji navend\u00eepar\u00eazan \u00e7\u00eadibe, ku piraniya wan al\u00eegir\u00ean desthilatdariya hey\u00ee ne, hin ji wan bi xewn\u00ean serdestiya part\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee ve mij\u00fbl in \u00fb t\u00ee ne ji bo r\u00fbmet \u00fb berfirehb\u00fbna navxwey\u00ee. Ev berfirehb\u00fbn \u00fb hegemon\u00ee \u015fert\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee karan\u00eena \u00e7ekan, xwe disp\u00earin h\u00eaza part\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiya gi\u015ft\u00ee dihew\u00eene. Ev ji bil\u00ee pi\u015ftgiriya ol\u00eegar\u015fiya n\u00fb ya ku di Qesra Gel de ji bo rej\u00eema navend\u00ee mezin dibe ye. Navend\u00eepar\u00eaz\u00ee \u015fiyan\u00ean mezin dide w\u00ea da ku aboriya welat kontrol bike \u00fb S\u00fbriyay\u00ea veguher\u00eene bazarek vekir\u00ee ji bo talankirina gi\u015ft\u00ee, taybetkirin \u00fb diyariyan. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea n\u00ear\u00een\u00ea, hegemoniya abor\u00ee li d\u00fb hegemoniya le\u015fker\u00ee t\u00ea. Ji bo ku navend\u00eepar\u00eazan k\u00eam neb\u00eenin, hin par\u00eazvan\u00ean parastina navend\u00eepar\u00eaziy\u00ea hewl didin ku pergala navend\u00ee bi day\u00eena hin h\u00eaz\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ee ji par\u00eazgehan re bi awayek\u00ee ku bibe sedema ji n\u00fb ve avakirina pergalek navend\u00ee ya modern\u00eezekir\u00ee di bin hincet\u00ean xap\u00eenok de, wek\u00ee xwe disp\u00earin Qan\u00fbna R\u00eaveberiya Her\u00eam\u00ee ya Hejmar 107 an p\u00ea\u015fxistina w\u00ea, li hev bikin. Hov\u00eetiya rej\u00eem\u00ea li hember k\u00eamneteweyan p\u00ealek daxwaz\u00ean ji bo xweseriya her\u00eam\u00ee derxistiye hol\u00ea. Li k\u00ealeka r\u00eaveberiya xweser a Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, ku yekem kes b\u00fb ku banga “xweser\u00eekirin\u00ea” kir, Suweyda, pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ean paqijkirin\u00ea \u00fb komkujiy\u00ean li ser nif\u00fbsa xwe ya durz\u00ee, niha hewl dide ku v\u00eezyonek li ser bingeha ramana xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea \u00fb maf\u00ea \u00e7aren\u00fbs\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f bixe. Di heman dem\u00ea de, dengek elewiyan bilind dibe, ku banga federasyonek li navend \u00fb rojavay\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dike ku dever\u00ean ku nif\u00fbsa elew\u00ee l\u00ea z\u00eade ye di nav xwe de bigire. L\u00eabel\u00ea, di navbera aliy\u00ean ku daxwaza xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea dikin de c\u00fbdah\u00ee di t\u00eagiha\u015ftin \u00fb \u015fiyanan de hene, ku ev yek \u00eeht\u00eemala hevgirtina ast\u00ean cih\u00eareng \u00ean r\u00eaveberiya nenavend\u00ee li seranser\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00fb hilbijartina pergalek nenavend\u00ee, an j\u00ee day\u00eena maf\u00ean nenavend\u00ee y\u00ean berfireh ji hin her\u00eaman re – an xwer\u00eaveber\u00ee, federal\u00eezm, an j\u00ee tevl\u00eeheviyek ji \u00e7end sepan\u00ean nenavend\u00ee – n\u00ee\u015fan dide. \u00ceht\u00eemala d\u00fbr ew e ku rew\u015f ber bi dubarekirina pergalek navend\u00ee ya hi\u015fk a li ser bingeha zor \u00fb zor\u00ea ve bi\u00e7e, ku hem \u00eeht\u00eemala her\u00ee qels \u00fb hem j\u00ee ya her\u00ee felaket\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Pirsa nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peyva “nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea” nezelal \u00fb \u015file xuya dike \u00fb bi h\u00easan\u00ee nay\u00ea p\u00eanasekirin. Ew li gor\u00ee rew\u015f \u00fb xwezaya ezm\u00fbn\u00ean ku pergala nenavend\u00ee l\u00ea hatiye sepandin, dibe mijara gelek p\u00eanaseyan. Wek\u00ee din, watey\u00ean nenavend\u00eekirin\u00ea li ser kevanek vekir\u00ee ya t\u00eagihan dir\u00eaj dibin: Federal\u00eezm, otonom\u00ee, nenavend\u00eekirina \u00eedar\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ee, \u00eedareya her\u00eam\u00ee… berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean berawird\u00ee y\u00ean pergal\u00ean federal \u00fb nenavend\u00ee dema ku ezm\u00fbn\u00ean welatan dubare dikin \u00fb wan li welat\u00ean din bi cih t\u00eenin, encam\u00ean xwest\u00ee nadin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, meriv dikare behsa hewcedariya “nenavend\u00eekirin\u00ea ya j\u00eengeh\u00ea” bike da ku ew li gor\u00ee j\u00eengeha siyas\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea – etn\u00eek\u00ee, mezheb\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee – be, bi \u00eeht\u00eemala domdar ku s\u00fbriyay\u00ee bixwe d\u00ea ezm\u00fbna xwe bi p\u00ea\u015f ve bibin da ku pergala xwe ya siyas\u00ee li dervey\u00ee \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean nenavend\u00ee y\u00ean li welat \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean din \u00ean c\u00eehan\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve \u015fekil bidin.<\/p>\n

Gelek sedem hene ku welatan ber bi nenavend\u00eekirina berfireh ve birine (mebesta me ne nenavend\u00eekirina \u00eedar\u00ee li welat\u00ean sade ye, l\u00ea nenavend\u00eekirina berfireh li welat\u00ean tevlihev e). Gelek welatan pi\u015ft\u00ee \u00e7erx\u00ean domdar \u00ean tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee \u00fb \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee, wek\u00ee ku li Amer\u00eeka, S\u00fbdan, Iraq \u00fb Spanyay\u00ea hat\u00ee d\u00eetin, pergal\u00ean xwe y\u00ean hik\u00fbmet\u00ea ava kirin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015f xistin. Welat dikarin s\u00eestem\u00ean nenavend\u00ee qeb\u00fbl bikin da ku ji \u015fer\u00ean navxwey\u00ee an j\u00ee \u00e7erx\u00ean dubare y\u00ean tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiya siv\u00eel d\u00fbr bikevin, bi v\u00ee away\u00ee yekpar\u00e7eyiya axa dewlet\u00ea bipar\u00eazin. Wek\u00ee din, s\u00eestemek nenavend\u00ee dikare \u00e7areseriyek ji bo pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean netewey\u00ee \u00fb newekheviy\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee peyda bike, wek\u00ee ku ezm\u00fbna Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea li ser hatiye avakirin, ku ji h\u00eala s\u00eenor\u00ean erdn\u00eegar\u00ee, c\u00fbdahiy\u00ean ziman\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee y\u00ean di nav her kanton\u00ea de \u00fb newekheviy\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee di nav nif\u00fbs\u00ea de bandor b\u00fbye. B\u00ea guman, welat meyla xwe didin ku di encama \u00eeradeya azad a yekb\u00fbna welatek\u00ee bi welatek\u00ee din re veguher\u00eenin dewlet\u00ean p\u00eakhat\u00ee. Ev yek bi xweseriya Tirkmenistan\u00ea \u00fb yek\u00eetiya w\u00ea bi R\u00fbsya, Tac\u00eekistan \u00fb Q\u00eerx\u00eezistan\u00ea re di sala 1918an de \u00fb pergala dewlet\u00ea ya ku ji h\u00eala Len\u00een ve di derbar\u00ea Ba\u015fkurtostan \u00fb Komara Tatar de di sala 1920\u00ee de hat\u00ee \u00eemzekirin \u00fb herwiha di damezrandina M\u00eerni\u015f\u00een\u00ean Ereb\u00ee y\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee de di sala 1971\u00ea de qewim\u00ee. Herwiha faktora tirs\u00ea heye ku dibe ku welat be\u015fek ji axa xwe winda bikin. Li ser bingeha ezm\u00fbna \u00cetalyay\u00ea, Mecl\u00eesa Damezr\u00eener xweseriya R\u00eaveberiya Aosta pejirand da ku p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna w\u00ea bi Fransay\u00ea re bigire \u00fb R\u00eaveberiya Bolzano da ku p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna w\u00ea bi Awistiryay\u00ea re bigire. Ev ji bil\u00ee derketina hol\u00ea ya meyl\u00ean cudaxwaz li girava xweser a S\u00eec\u00eelyay\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n

Mot\u00eevasyon\u00ean li pi\u015ft nenavend\u00eekirin an federal\u00eezm\u00ea nikarin bi pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean navxwey\u00ee \u00fb tebeqey\u00ean wan \u00ean piral\u00ee ve s\u00eenordar bin. Almanya federal\u00eezm ji bo armanc\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea, dabe\u015fkirina dadperwer a h\u00eazan \u00fb avakirina dezgeh\u00ean dewlet\u00ea pejirand. Ev yek ji bo her\u00eam\u00ean cuda y\u00ean li Spanyay\u00ea j\u00ee derbas dibe, ku ji tirsa ku ew \u00ea ji desthilatdariya navend\u00ee baldariya p\u00eaw\u00eest negirin \u00fb bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee maf\u00ea “cudakirina xwe” bi dest xistin da ku p\u00ea\u015fkeftina civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee h\u00easan bikin.<\/p>\n

Li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, tevl\u00eeheviyek ji hem\u00ee sedem\u00ean jor\u00een heye: Neb\u00fbna baweriya hevbe\u015f, qelsiyek domdar di p\u00ea\u015fkeftina hevseng de, pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean mezheb\u00ee \u00fb etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean s\u00eenor, digel tirsa berdewam ku be\u015f\u00ean welat bi hincet\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee ewlehiya wan a netewey\u00ee veguhez\u00eenin dewlet\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee. Asta obsesyona hik\u00fbmeta hey\u00ee bi desthilatdariya mutleq \u00fb part\u00eek\u00ee, wek\u00ee ku di Danezana Dest\u00fbr\u00ee de hat\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fan kirin, j\u00ee e\u015fkere ye. Ev yek gir\u00eadan\u00ean kom\u00ean marj\u00eenal \u00ean ku ji be\u015fdarb\u00fbna di r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea \u00fb avakirina saziy\u00ean n\u00fb de hatine d\u00fbrxistin, b\u00eatir xurt dike. Pa\u015fxaneya desthilatdar\u00ean n\u00fb, ku ji r\u00eaxistin\u00ean selef\u00ee ne an rasterast ji El-Qa\u00eedey\u00ea t\u00eane, dibe sedema mezinb\u00fbna b\u00eaaramiya navxwey\u00ee \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena lihevhatina netewey\u00ee. Kiryar\u00ean wan polar\u00eezasyon gurtir kirine \u00fb kr\u00eezeke baweriy\u00ea ya b\u00eahempa di navbera kom\u00ean S\u00fbriyey\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eakiriye, nemaze ji ber ku ev desthilatdar\u00ee bi raman\u00ean b\u00eawate y\u00ean wek\u00ee terbiyekirina k\u00eamnetewey\u00ean ol\u00ee \u00fb bindestkirina kom\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee barkir\u00ee ye. Ev pi\u015ft\u00ee ku wan p\u00eakhateya piraniy\u00ea bi serkeft\u00ee di yekpareb\u00fbnek\u00ea de helandine, bi guman\u00ean li ser serkeftina wan di as\u00eem\u00eelekirina suniyan de, p\u00eak hatiye. Wek\u00ee din, komkuj\u00ee li dij\u00ee her\u00ee k\u00eam du mezheban \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbne, ku ew j\u00ee xala sereke b\u00fbn ku pi\u015fta deve \u015fikand \u00fb deng\u00ean durz\u00ee \u00fb elewiyan hi\u015ft ku daxwaza xweser\u00ee an federal\u00eezm\u00ea bikin m\u00eena ezm\u00fbna R\u00eaveberiya Xweser li Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, an j\u00ee li dervey\u00ee w\u00ea, da ku maf\u00ea diyarkirina \u00e7aren\u00fbs\u00ea ji bo her\u00eam\u00ean ku ew piraniya nif\u00fbs\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eenin, bixwazin.<\/p>\n

N\u00ear\u00eenek ber bi daw\u00ee ve <\/strong><\/p>\n

Li hember van \u015fert \u00fb mercan, raman hene ku S\u00fbriya dibe ku projeya dewleta nenavend\u00ee ya serdema Feysel\u00ea yekem\u00a0 (1919-1920) vej\u00eene, ber\u00ee ku hik\u00fbmeta mandat\u00ea hewl bide S\u00fbriyay\u00ea par\u00e7e bike bo dewlet\u00ean cuda bi nav\u00ean mezheb\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean berbi\u00e7av. Rad\u00eekal\u00eezma dabe\u015fkirin\u00ea ya ku ji h\u00eala General Gouraud \u00fb \u015f\u00eawirmend\u00ean w\u00ee ve hat\u00ee pejirandin naveroka raman\u00ean Feysel tahr\u00eef kir. L\u00eabel\u00ea, garantor\u00ea fransiz\u00ee be\u015fdar\u00ee xurtkirina poz\u00eesyona k\u00eamneteweyan di qada siyas\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de b\u00fb. B\u00eahemd\u00ee, w\u00ea r\u00ea li ber \u00e7areseriya demdir\u00eaj a pirsa netewey\u00ee vekir. Ji bil\u00ee rola Bloka Netewey\u00ee, ku dizan\u00eeb\u00fb \u00e7awa dawiya Mandat\u00ea bilez\u00eene l\u00ea di r\u00eavebirin\u00ea de bi ser neket, kl\u00fbba el\u00eet a S\u00fbriyay\u00ea nexwest ku k\u00eamneteweyan \u00fb kurdan ji hol\u00ea rake, tev\u00ee derketina hol\u00ea ya tevger\u00ean \u015foven\u00eest ku li dij\u00ee daxwaz\u00ean xweseriya kurdan ji sala 1936an \u00fb p\u00ea ve derketin. S\u00eestema navend\u00ee dikare wek\u00ee bertekek neaqilane li hember siyaseta pa\u015f\u00ea ya dewlet \u00fb federasyona S\u00fbriyay\u00ea were hesibandin. Ew herwiha n\u00ear\u00een\u00ean fraksiyon\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan da ku pi\u00e7\u00fbkb\u00fbna erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya welat \u00fb hewcedariya w\u00ea ya entegrasyona berfirehtir di nav yek\u00eetiyek ereb a xeyal\u00ee de ku ji h\u00eala armanc\u00ean emperyal ve t\u00ea ajotin h\u00ees dikirin. Ev meyl ji aliy\u00ea berjewendiy\u00ean bazirgan\u00ee y\u00ean li Heleb \u00fb \u015eam\u00ea bi c\u00eeran\u00ean ereb re, digel derketina hol\u00ea ya tirs\u00ean ji entegreb\u00fbna S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi blok\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean ku di bin dest\u00ea kolonyal\u00eezm\u00ea de ne, ve hate xurtkirin. Ev yek b\u00fb sedema Konfederasyona S\u00fbriya-Misir\u00ea (Komara Yekb\u00fby\u00ee ya Ereban, 1958\u20131961).<\/p>\n

Bi Beis \u00fb \u00eedeolojiya neteweperest, navend\u00eeb\u00fbna tund di kar\u00ea hik\u00fbmet\u00ea de ji \u00e7il salan z\u00eadetir xuya b\u00fb. Tev\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ya ku pi\u015ft\u00ee 2011an li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea belav b\u00fb, ew nekar\u00ee di \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eaka dewleta navend\u00ee de bi ser bikeve. Di hewldanek b\u00eah\u00eav\u00ee de, Esed Qan\u00fbna R\u00eaveberiya Her\u00eam\u00ee ya Hejmar 107 derxist, ku hewl da ku pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean destwerdana dewlet\u00ea di kar\u00fbbar\u00ean par\u00eazgehan de sivik bike \u00fb k\u00eamasiy\u00ean mezin, nemaze mijara “mezinb\u00fbna hevseng”, \u00e7areser bike, l\u00ea b\u00ea encam ma. Ji perspekt\u00eefek prat\u00eek\u00ee ve, navend\u00eeb\u00fbn, k\u00eamkirina desthilata biryardan\u00ea li paytext \u00fb di nav \u00e7embera hundur\u00een a rej\u00eem\u00ea de, pa\u015fguhkirina gundewar \u00fb par\u00eazgeh\u00ean gundan \u00fb mezinb\u00fbna tax\u00ean xizan \u00ean li dora bajar\u00ean mezin hem\u00ee be\u015fdar\u00ee lezandina serhildana li dij\u00ee desthilata navend\u00ee b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Di encam\u00ea de, s\u00fbriyay\u00ee kevne\u015fopiy\u00ean damezrand\u00ee y\u00ean nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea an ezm\u00fbn\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean di v\u00ee al\u00ee de tunene, ku n\u00eeqa\u015fan her ku di\u00e7e dike lab\u00eerentek tar\u00ee \u00fb c\u00eeh ji bo gumanbariya hevbe\u015f li ser p\u00ea\u015feroja r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea \u00fb \u015f\u00eaweya be\u015fdariya siyas\u00ee ji bo etn\u00eek, mezheb \u00fb her\u00eaman vedike.<\/p>\n

Cudakirina ast\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya nenavend\u00ee <\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00ea ast\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya nenavend\u00ee ku pir caran t\u00eane tevlihevkirin dikarin bi lez werin cudakirin: Xwer\u00eaveber\u00ee, federal\u00eezm \u00fb nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbna \u00eedar\u00ee. T\u00eagiha xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea di destp\u00eak\u00ea de ji bo \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eak \u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean kom\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee di nav yek dewletek\u00ea de hate p\u00ea\u015fniyarkirin. Her \u00e7end ew bi pergala federal re li hev dikeve ji ber ku ew prens\u00eeb\u00ean “xweser\u00ee” \u00fb “yek\u00eetiy\u00ea” li hev diciv\u00eene j\u00ee, ew d\u00eesa j\u00ee pergalek nenavend\u00ee ye, ango ew ne gir\u00eaday\u00ee h\u00eaz \u00fb zelaliya pergala federal di belgeya dest\u00fbr\u00ee ya damezr\u00eener de ye. Ji bil\u00ee \u00e7end rew\u015fan, wek\u00ee di Dest\u00fbra Bingeh\u00een a \u00c7\u00een\u00ea ya 1954an de, ku sepandina “xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea li dever\u00ean ku k\u00eamnetewey\u00ean netewey\u00ee l\u00ea kom b\u00fbne” destn\u00ee\u015fan kir, ne hewce ye ku xwer\u00eaveber\u00ee di bend\u00ean dest\u00fbr\u00ee de cih bigire. Di rew\u015f\u00ean din de, xwer\u00eaveber\u00ee li gor\u00ee qan\u00fbnek taybet\u00ee t\u00ea derxistin, wek\u00ee di ezm\u00fbna Peymana Xweseriya Kurdistana Iraq\u00ea ya 1970y\u00ee de (Daxuyaniya 11\u00ea adar\u00ea). Ev yek w\u00ea ji karakter\u00ea metnek dest\u00fbr\u00ee ya sab\u00eet \u00fb xurtkir\u00ee b\u00eapar dike. Herwiha, eger di dest\u00fbr\u00ea de were destn\u00ee\u015fankirin, dibe ku di \u015fikl \u00fb \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya sepandina w\u00ea de guhertin \u00e7\u00eabibin, wek\u00ee ku li S\u00fbdan\u00ea di sala 1981\u00ea de di dema dabe\u015fkirina ba\u015f\u00fbr bo s\u00ea her\u00eaman \u00fb d\u00fb re n\u00fbb\u00fbna \u015fer\u00ea di navbera ba\u015f\u00fbr \u00fb bakur de qewim\u00ee. Li gor\u00ee modela xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ya v\u00ea dibistan\u00ea, div\u00ea \u015fert \u00fb merc werin bic\u00eehan\u00een, wek heb\u00fbna her\u00eameke erdn\u00eegar\u00ee bi heb\u00fbneke netewey\u00ee ya zelal, xweseriya saziy\u00ean r\u00eaveber di nav her\u00eama xweser de \u00fb heb\u00fbna \u00e7avd\u00eariya desthilata navend\u00ee li ser kar\u00ea van saziyan. L\u00eabel\u00ea, heb\u00fbna her\u00eameke erdn\u00eegar\u00ee bi heb\u00fbneke netewey\u00ee \u00fb hirwiha heb\u00fbneke mezheb\u00ee, ew e ku xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ji nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbna \u00eedar\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ee cuda dike. Ev faktora “netewey\u00ee” ji bo t\u00eagiha xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee zelal tuneye, ji ber tevliheviya etn\u00eek\u00ee an mezheb\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, ji bil\u00ee Siw\u00eadaya ku piraniya durz\u00ee l\u00ea dij\u00een \u00fb her\u00eama Efr\u00een\u00ea ku piran\u00ee kurd in. Di xebata xwe ya “Li ser Pirsa Neteweyan \u00fb Xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea” de, Len\u00een pirsa netewey\u00ee bi xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea re bi awayek\u00ee kir yek ku neteweperweriy\u00ea kir hesp\u00ea ku erebeya xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene. Ev komb\u00eenasyon li gor\u00ee ezm\u00fbna navnetewey\u00ee, ku \u015ferta maf\u00ean netewey\u00ee kiriye bingeha xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea, rast xuya dike.<\/p>\n

Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, federal\u00eezmek li ser bingeha her\u00eam \u00fb dewlet\u00ean erdn\u00eegar\u00ee y\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala etn\u00eek\u00ee an mezheb\u00ee ve hevseng in, bi erd\u00ea xwezay\u00ee y\u00ea zelal, an ji bo ber\u00e7avgirtin\u00ean taybet\u00ee y\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ean w\u00ea, derfetek mezintir ji bo bic\u00eehan\u00een\u00ea li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ew bi redkirina mutleq a dewleta federal (federal\u00eezm an dewleta peyman\u00ea) ji h\u00eala qan\u00fbna El-\u015eeri ve r\u00fb bi r\u00fb ye, ku w\u00ea wek\u00ee “cudaxwaz” b\u00eay\u00ee n\u00eeqa\u015f \u00fb bi dubarekirinek dengbilindtir ji redkirina prens\u00eeba dewleta federal a Be\u015far El-Esed bi nav dike. Binavkirina daxwaz\u00ean ji bo dewletek federal wek\u00ee tevger\u00ean ten\u00ea y\u00ean cudaxwaz nezan\u00eena armanc\u00ean bilind \u00ean pergala federal \u00fb gumanbariya li ser ezm\u00fbn\u00ean federal \u00ean p\u00ea\u015feng, l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean akadem\u00eek \u00fb raman\u00ean zanyar\u00ean hiq\u00fbq\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Wek\u00ee din, ew xweperestiya z\u00eade di bin kiras\u00ea dewletek navend\u00ee de n\u00ee\u015fan dide, ku ten\u00ea p\u00ea\u00e7ek din ji bo dewletek yek-kes\u00ee, yek-al\u00ee ye. Hevgirtina di navbera federal\u00eezm \u00fb xweseriy\u00ea de di bingeh\u00ean wan de li ser prens\u00eeb\u00ean “xweser\u00ee” \u00fb “yek\u00eetiy\u00ea” ye. Di encam\u00ea de, dewlet ji h\u00easan vediguhere tevlihev wek\u00ee encamek belavkirina h\u00eazan di navbera hik\u00fbmet\u00ean navend\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee de. Xala hevpar di navbera her du pergalan de fikra bidaw\u00eekirina nakokiya navxwey\u00ee \u00fb xurtkirina eniya navxwey\u00ee ye. L\u00eabel\u00ea, federal\u00eezm her tim li ser \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean netewey\u00ee nehatiye avakirin. Bi rast\u00ee, ezm\u00fbn\u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee, alman, sw\u00eesrey\u00ee \u00fb Hindistan\u00ea li ser bingeha \u015fer\u00ean navxwey\u00ee nehatine avakirin. Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, xweser\u00ee li ser rawestandina pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean netewey\u00ee an j\u00ee \u00eeht\u00eemala derketina wan, kontrolkirina nakokiy\u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean navxwey\u00ee, an j\u00ee parastina par\u00eazgeh\u00ean s\u00eenor ji desteserkirina ji aliy\u00ea dewletek din ve hatiye avakirin.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Mezl\u00fbm Ebd\u00ee \u00fb Ehmed El-\u015eeri di dema \u00eemzekirina lihevkirina adar\u00ea de. \/ AFP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Federal\u00eezm, di yek ji taybetmendiy\u00ean xwe de, be\u015fdarb\u00fbn\u00ea di avakirina saziy\u00ean dest\u00fbr\u00ee y\u00ean bilind, avakirina r\u00eaveberiya bilind a dewlet\u00ea \u00fb be\u015fdarb\u00fbna di niv\u00eesandin \u00fb sererastkirina dest\u00fbra navend\u00ee \u00fb desthilat\u00ean yasadan\u00een \u00fb dadwer\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00eaman de ferz dike. Ev taybetmendiy\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee y\u00ean xweseriy\u00ea ne, ji ber ku her\u00eam di r\u00eaveberiya bilind a dewlet\u00ea an j\u00ee di biryar\u00ean hik\u00fbmeta navend\u00ee de be\u015fdar nabin, ku dibe ku bi yekal\u00ee bend\u00ean dest\u00fbr\u00ee, desthilat \u00fb \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya xweseriy\u00ea biguher\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Li ber \u00e7avan v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ji rayedaran \u00ee\u015faret\u00ean nezelal hene ku ew dikarin nenavend\u00eekirina \u00eedar\u00ee bi gotin \u00fb wateya yasay\u00ee ya ku ji h\u00eala rej\u00eema El-Esed ve di fermana yasadan\u00een 107\/2011 de hat\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fan kirin qeb\u00fbl bikin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, p\u00eakan\u00eena v\u00ea nenavend\u00eekirin\u00ea pergalek demokrat\u00eek hewce dike, ku di doza S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de tuneye. Avantaja nenavend\u00eekirina \u00eedar\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ee (ji bo par\u00eazgehan) ew e ku demokrasiy\u00ea di r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee de bi dest bixe \u00fb bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee bar\u00ea desthilata navend\u00ee sivik bike, ne ku desthilatan bi dadperwer\u00ee belav bike. Nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn li vir ten\u00ea diyardeyek \u00eedar\u00ee dim\u00eene \u00fb sepandina w\u00ea ji bo pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean etn\u00ees\u00eete \u00fb k\u00eamnetewey\u00ean ol\u00ee \u00e7areseriyek ferz nake. Herwiha, ew bi be\u015fdariya siyas\u00ee ya k\u00fbr nay\u00ea taybetmendkirin \u00fb di dest\u00fbr\u00ea de j\u00ee cih\u00eakariya er\u00ean\u00ee wernagire, ji ber ku ew mijara “cudakirina xweser” a her\u00eam\/par\u00eazgehan \u00fb xwezaya p\u00eakhateya wan a etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee li ber \u00e7avan nagire. Wek\u00ee din, ew xwediy\u00ea desthilata yasadan\u00een \u00fb dadwer\u00ee ya cuda ji van her du desthilatdariy\u00ean navend\u00ee nine \u00fb rola w\u00ea bi ten\u00ea wek\u00ee organek r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee ji bo navend\u00ea ve s\u00eenordar e.<\/p>\n

Heta erdem\u00ea her\u00ee berbi\u00e7av \u00ea v\u00ea s\u00eestema \u00eedar\u00ee (ango bidestxistina demokrasiy\u00ea) j\u00ee gumanbar xuya dike, nemaze ji ber ku hik\u00fbmet ji pa\u015fxaneyek \u00eedeoloj\u00eek t\u00ea, slogana “demokras\u00ee pirxweday\u00ee ye” bilind kiriye \u00fb daxuyaniya w\u00ea ya dest\u00fbr\u00ee carek\u00ea j\u00ee behsa demokrasiy\u00ea nekiriye. Parlamentoya w\u00ea li ser bingeha tay\u00eenkirin \u00fb xer\u00eedariy\u00ea, ne li ser maf\u00ea dengdan\u00ea y\u00ea gerd\u00fbn\u00ee, t\u00ea avakirin \u00fb ew par\u00eazgar \u00fb karmend\u00ean burokrat\u00eek li par\u00eazgehan tay\u00een dike.<\/p>\n

Bi gotineke din, nenavend\u00eekirina \u00eedar\u00ee, di bin dest\u00fbrek mezheb\u00ee de ku dijminatiya hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbna wekhev dike, ji bo pirsgir\u00eaka hilwe\u015f\u00eena S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00e7areseriyek prat\u00eek\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f nake \u00fb ne j\u00ee bingeha dilemaya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00e7areser dike, ku di neb\u00fbna baweriy\u00ea di navbera p\u00eakhatey\u00ean c\u00fbda de ye. B\u00eay\u00ee xweseriy\u00ea, yek\u00eetiya netewey\u00ee nay\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve avakirin. Dibe ku k\u00earhat\u00ee be ku meriv li ser aliy\u00ea “xweseriy\u00ea” y\u00ea xwezaya s\u00eestema nenavend\u00ee ya p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea bisekine, ku bi tu away\u00ee nay\u00ea wateya “cudab\u00fbn\u00ea”, wek\u00ee ku rej\u00eema El-Esed \u00fb desthilatdariya rewa dubare kirine, wek\u00ee formulek ji bo \u015fikandina hestiy\u00ean kes\u00ean ku dixwazin serdestiya mezheb\u00ee \u00fb “zilmiya piraniy\u00ea” k\u00eam bikin, \u00fb h\u00eaza navend\u00ea, pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean ceribandin\u00ee \u00fb asta kontrola w\u00ea. Li vir xweser\u00ee t\u00ea wateya yek\u00eetiyek li ser bingeha peymanek\u00ea di navbera her\u00eaman de, bi p\u00eakhatey\u00ean wan \u00ean mezheb\u00ee \u00fb etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb navend\u00ea de. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, ew v\u00eezyona p\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee ya yek\u00eet\u00eey\u00ea ye di welatek\u00ee de ku ji hilwe\u015f\u00eeneke e\u015fkere diki\u015f\u00eene. L\u00eabel\u00ea, her \u015f\u00eaweyek yek\u00eet\u00eey\u00ea ku bi r\u00eaya prens\u00eeb\u00ean dest\u00fbr\u00ee y\u00ean bilind ve ney\u00ea xurtkirin, t\u00ea wateya \u00eeht\u00eemala dubareb\u00fbna yek\u00eet\u00eey\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7erx\u00ean tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiy\u00ea y\u00ean n\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Sepandina nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nirxandineke bilez a qat\u00ean pergal\u00ean nenavend\u00ee \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirina hin ezm\u00fbn\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee di te\u015fw\u00eeqkirina n\u00eeqa\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ya li ser “tab\u00fb”ya nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea de k\u00earhat\u00ee ye, ku ji ber komkujiyan, hilwe\u015f\u00eena navxwey\u00ee, pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean berdewam \u00ean talankirina gi\u015ft\u00ee \u00fb hatina ser desthilata Heyet Tehr\u00eer El-\u015eam hatiye \u015fikandin. Nirxandineke bilez, belk\u00ee monoton \u00fb akadem\u00eek a ezm\u00fbn\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee \u00eeht\u00eemala her\u00eam\u00eekirin \u00fb adaptekirina van ezm\u00fbnan li gor\u00ee S\u00fbriyay\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fniyar dike. Her \u00e7end sernav sabit bin j\u00ee (nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb navend\u00eeb\u00fbn), pileya p\u00eakan\u00eena wan ji welatek\u00ee bo welatek\u00ee din diguhere. Gelek welat\u00ean navend\u00ee pileya nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ji welat\u00ean ku pergal\u00ean wan wek\u00ee nenavend\u00ee t\u00eane binavkirin mezintir in. Wek\u00ee din, p\u00eavajoya dubarekirin\u00ea ne gengaz e, ku p\u00ea\u015fxistina v\u00eezyon\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb p\u00eakan\u00eena nenavend\u00eekirina S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, tev\u00ee \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean navxwey\u00ee y\u00ean c\u00fbda ji her\u00eamek\u00ea bo her\u00eameke din, dike hewcedariyek lezg\u00een. Sepandin p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ea bi n\u00ear\u00eena li kr\u00eez\u00ean berdewam \u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea heye: pirsgir\u00eaka netewey\u00ee, pirsgir\u00eaka mezheb\u00ee ya hey\u00ee, pirb\u00fbna kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar \u00fb pa\u015fxaney\u00ean wan \u00ean \u00eedeoloj\u00eek, destwerdan\u00ean biyan\u00ee \u00fb dagirkirina be\u015f\u00ean axa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ne gengaz e ku meriv behsa her\u00eameke S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bike ku “paqijiya etn\u00eek\u00ee ya mutleq” dist\u00eene. Ev dilemeyek e ku li p\u00ea\u015fiya xweseriya netewey\u00ee radiweste, l\u00ea ew \u00eeht\u00eemala ku kom\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee di bin s\u00eestemeke dest\u00fbr\u00ee ya modern\u00eezekir\u00ee de ji maf\u00ean xwe y\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb perwerdey\u00ee s\u00fbd werbigirin, red nake. Her \u00e7end kurd piraniya nif\u00fbs\u00ea li dever\u00ean xwe y\u00ean s\u00eenor tems\u00eel dikin j\u00ee, demografiya hevbe\u015f a hin deveran t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku her\u00eama piral\u00ee ne yek\u00eeneyeke bi tevah\u00ee kurd e, m\u00eena ku li gor\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean hik\u00fbmet \u00fb rej\u00eem\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea y\u00ean li pey hev div\u00ea ereb neb\u00fbya. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku par\u00eazgeh\/her\u00eam ji n\u00fb ve werin x\u00eazkirin. Gelo t\u00ea \u00e7i watey\u00ea ku Koban\u00ee wek\u00ee be\u015fek ji Par\u00eazgeha Heleb\u00ea were hesibandin dema ku piraniya nif\u00fbsa w\u00ea kurd in \u00fb bajarok \u00fb gund\u00ean wan li rojhilat\u00ea \u00c7em\u00ea Firat\u00ea, ango li Cez\u00eera Firat\u00ea ne? Ev yek ji bo her\u00eam\u00ean elewiyan \u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee li navend \u00fb rojava j\u00ee derbas dibe. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, m\u00eenak\u00ee, mimkun e ku s\u00eenor\u00ean \u00eedar\u00ee y\u00ean par\u00eazgehan bi awayek\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve werin x\u00eazkirin ku heb\u00fbn \u00fb xweseriya hevgirt\u00ee ya elewiyan li k\u00ealeka xiristiyan \u00fb suniyan li her\u00eam\u00ean wan \u00ean t\u00eakildar bipar\u00eaze. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea \u00fb ji bo bidestxistina aliy\u00ea temamker \u00ea nenavend\u00eekirin\u00ea, tevl\u00eakirina par\u00eazgeha durz\u00ee a Siw\u00eaday\u00ea ya ku \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean w\u00ea k\u00eam in bi De\u015fta Horan\u00ea re di her\u00eameke ba\u015f\u00fbr de ku jiyanbariya her du her\u00eaman, \u00e7iya \u00fb de\u015ft\u00ea, misoger dike, di heman dem\u00ea de t\u00ea qeb\u00fblkirin ku ev yekb\u00fbn b\u00eay\u00ee \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean kron\u00eek \u00ean di navbera civak\u00ean wan \u00ean t\u00eakildar de p\u00eak nay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ji aliy\u00ea teor\u00eek\u00ee ve, mijara her\u00eam\u00ean berfireh \u00ean ku du an b\u00eatir par\u00eazgehan vedihew\u00eenin, wek\u00ee y\u00ean ku k\u00eamnetewey\u00ean mezheb\u00ee \u00fb kurd t\u00ea de heb\u00fbneke gir\u00eeng hene, s\u00ea feydeyan k\u00eam dike: A yekem, ew xeyal\u00ean \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee, veguhestin\u00ean hevbe\u015f \u00fb man\u00eepulekirina demograf\u00eek ji hol\u00ea radike. Ya duyem\u00een, ew s\u00fbriyayiyan di derbar\u00ea yekpar\u00e7eyiya axa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de pi\u015ftrast dike ku her\u00eam\u00ean tevlihev d\u00ea nebin p\u00ea\u015fgotinek ji bo veqetandin\u00ea. Ya s\u00eayem\u00een, ew k\u00eamneteweyan \u00fb kurdan pi\u015ftrast dike ku r\u00eajey\u00ean nif\u00fbsa wan li dever\u00ean wan \u00ean resen d\u00ea gir\u00eeng bin, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee nehevsengiya di texm\u00eenkirina r\u00eajeya wan a nisb\u00ee de bi may\u00ee ya nif\u00fbsa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea re di hik\u00fbmeta navend\u00ee de rast dike.<\/p>\n

Meseleya le\u015fker\u00ee j\u00ee bi zelal\u00ee derdikeve hol\u00ea dema ku behsa p\u00ea\u015feroja pergala parastin\u00ea t\u00ea kirin. Ji perspekt\u00eefek rast\u00een ve, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea \u015fiyan\u00ean art\u00ea\u015fa ber\u00ea hilwe\u015fand, S\u00fbriya \u00ead\u00ee art\u00ea\u015fek bi tevah\u00ee yekgirt\u00ee tune. “Art\u00ea\u015fa” hey\u00ee ten\u00ea qelewb\u00fbnek e ji bo Heyet Tehr\u00eer El-\u015eam, ku nav\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea daw\u00ee wek\u00ee “Art\u00ea\u015fa Ereb\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea” hate dan\u00een, ji bil\u00ee aliy\u00ean al\u00eegir\u00ea Enqeray\u00ea ku bi destwerdana Tirkiyay\u00ea hatin cem hev, ne ti\u015ftek din e. Ev al\u00ee, her \u00e7end bi p\u00eakhateya xwe ya ber\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee bin j\u00ee, federasyon\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean n\u00fb dipar\u00eazin. Bi \u00eehtimaleke mezin S\u00fbriyaya n\u00fb d\u00ea art\u00ea\u015f \u00fb \u015fiyan\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7ekdar\u00ee y\u00ean ber\u00ea ne xwediy\u00ea w\u00ea be. Fikra avakirina art\u00ea\u015feke navend\u00ee \u00ead\u00ee ne k\u00earhat\u00ee ye heya ku ew bi h\u00easan\u00ee ji derve were tunekirin, wek\u00ee ku \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea di sala bor\u00ee de kiriye. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku div\u00ea m\u00eesyona art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea bi parastina s\u00eenoran, pabendb\u00fbna bi dest\u00fbr\u00ea \u00fb parastina ewlehiya gi\u015ft\u00ee ve s\u00eenordar be. Ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea, div\u00ea cudah\u00ee di navbera art\u00ea\u015feke navend\u00ee \u00fb hizb\u00ee \u00fb fermandariyeke navend\u00ee ya pir-qat\u00ee de were kirin, ku t\u00ea de tevl\u00eekirina H\u00eaz\u00ean S\u00fbriyaya Demokrat\u00eek (HSD) \u00fb Par\u00eazvan\u00ean Netewey\u00ee y\u00ean li Siw\u00eaday\u00ea di nav ref\u00ean Art\u00ea\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de hem p\u00eaw\u00eest e \u00fb hem j\u00ee gengaz e. Ev pirsgir\u00eak me digih\u00eene koka pirsgir\u00eak\u00ea: Ber bi pergaleke nenavend\u00ee ve ku kar\u00ea van h\u00eazan \u00fb xwezaya gir\u00eadana wan bi Wezareta Parastin\u00ea re bi awayek\u00ee dest\u00fbr\u00ee r\u00eak dixe ku parastina Wezareta Parastin\u00ea wek\u00ee portfoliyoyek navend\u00ee li ber \u00e7avan digire.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Agir \u00fb d\u00fbman ji bajar\u00ea Sw\u00eaday\u00ea di\u00e7e di dema \u00ear\u00ee\u015feke h\u00eaz\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee
hik\u00fbmeta \u015eam\u00ea de di t\u00eermeha 2025an de | AFP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Destwerdana biyan\u00ee \u00fb dagirkirina axa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea h\u00een aloztir dike. \u00ceht\u00eemala windakirina Siw\u00eaday\u00ea \u00fb belk\u00ee j\u00ee tevahiya ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, dikare were p\u00eevandin ger \u015eam rew\u015fa li ba\u015f\u00fbr bi ezm\u00fbn\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee y\u00ean k\u00earhat\u00ee re nenirx\u00eene. Di naveroka gotar\u00ea de, me behsa xweseriya \u00cetalyay\u00ea li r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean Aosta \u00fb Bolzano kir, ku li wir r\u00eaveberiya xweser hate damezrandin da ku p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li wan bigire ku tevl\u00ee c\u00eeran\u00ean xwe bibin. Biryara Mecl\u00eesa Damezr\u00eener a \u00cetalyay\u00ea bi r\u00eaya nenavend\u00eekirin\u00ea yekpareb\u00fbna ax\u00ea parast. Ger em desthilatdariya navend\u00ee ya \u00cetalyay\u00ea texm\u00een bikin, her du her\u00eam d\u00ea bihatana veguheztin Fransa \u00fb Awisturyay\u00ea \u00fb \u00eetal\u00ee d\u00ea nikarib\u00fbna \u00e7\u00eatir\u00een s\u00eenor\u00ea mimkun bi aliy\u00ea Yugoslavyay\u00ea re bi dest bixin.<\/p>\n

Encam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sepandina nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea nay\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku ezm\u00fbn\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee \u00fb l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean berawird\u00ee pa\u015fguh b\u00ean kirin, l\u00ea ew t\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku t\u00eagiha navendpar\u00eaziy\u00ea bi p\u00eavajoyek lihevhat\u00ee bi rew\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea re were dan\u00een. Di rew\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de, hem\u00ee t\u00eagih, term\u00eenoloj\u00ee \u00fb ezm\u00fbn\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee dikarin li gor\u00ee her her\u00eamek\u00ea an j\u00ee li gor\u00ee pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean her komeke etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee werin adaptekirin. Bi pejirandina v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea, xweseriya netewey\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ee dikare ji bo kurdan, li hin dever\u00ean lurd\u00ee, l\u00ea ne li hem\u00ee, were bicihkirin. Ji bo Siw\u00eaday\u00ea dikare xweseriyek were day\u00een ku bi p\u00eakhateya w\u00ea ya ol\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee re li hev bike. Federal\u00eezm dikare li Heleb, D\u00eara Zor\u00ea \u00fb \u015eam\u00ea j\u00ee were bicihkirin, bi \u015fert\u00ea ku ew ji pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee ne\u00ea\u015fin \u00fb bi \u015fert\u00ea ku pergala federal ne li ser \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee ye. Navendpar\u00eaziya \u00eedar\u00ee dikare li gelek deveran di nav her\u00eaman de j\u00ee were bicihkirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ev tevliheviya formul\u00ean navendpar\u00eaziy\u00ea l\u00eager\u00eena t\u00eagih\u00ean n\u00fb di derbar\u00ea navendpar\u00eaziy\u00ea de ku div\u00ea li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea were bicihkirin, hewce dike. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, div\u00ea \u00e7areser\u00ee werin \u00e7\u00eakirin ku hem\u00ee aliy\u00ean siyas\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea \u00fb herwiha c\u00fbdahiy\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee di nav xwe de bigirin. Div\u00ea ev \u00e7areser\u00ee bibin mijara n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ea li ser bingeha w\u00ea rastiy\u00ea ku s\u00eestemeke navend\u00ee di bin desthilatdariya otor\u00eeter \u00fb part\u00eek\u00ee de d\u00ea bibe sedema hilwe\u015f\u00eeneke b\u00eatir, komkujiyan \u00fb jin\u00fbvedestp\u00eakirina \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eore\u015f Derw\u00ee\u015f Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Deng\u00ean s\u00fbriyay\u00ee bilind dibin \u00fb daxwaza jin\u00fbveavakirina pergaleke siyas\u00ee ya li ser bingeha r\u00eaveberiya nenavend\u00ee ya berfirehkir\u00ee dikin, pi\u015ft\u00ee qonaxa yekem a \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee di bin serokatiya Be\u015far El-Esed de pi\u015ft\u00ee serhildana gel\u00ear\u00ee ya li dij\u00ee desthilatdariya w\u00ee. Pi\u015ftre, di qonaxa xwe ya duyem\u00een de, hik\u00fbmeta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,59],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-2921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manshet","category-nirxandin"],"yoast_head":"\nGelo nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn dikare li ser rew\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea were sepandin? - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-114\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gelo nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn dikare li ser rew\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea were sepandin? - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u015eore\u015f Derw\u00ee\u015f Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Deng\u00ean s\u00fbriyay\u00ee bilind dibin \u00fb daxwaza jin\u00fbveavakirina pergaleke siyas\u00ee ya li ser bingeha r\u00eaveberiya nenavend\u00ee ya berfirehkir\u00ee dikin, pi\u015ft\u00ee qonaxa yekem a \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee di bin serokatiya Be\u015far El-Esed de pi\u015ft\u00ee serhildana gel\u00ear\u00ee ya li dij\u00ee desthilatdariya w\u00ee. 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