{"id":2698,"date":"2025-07-28T19:15:56","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T19:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=2698"},"modified":"2025-07-28T19:15:56","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T19:15:56","slug":"1-78","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-78\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015eer\u00ean av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een: Rast\u00ee yan xeyal e?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n

Wergera ji \u00eengl\u00eez\u00ee: Mihemed \u015eemd\u00een<\/p>\n

K\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een wek\u00ee gefa her\u00ee mezin hate diyarkirin, ku z\u00eadetir\u00ee ji sed\u00ee 60 ji nif\u00fbsa her\u00eam\u00ea \u00ea\u015f \u00fb azar\u00ea ji k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee mezin \u00fb tund diki\u015f\u00eenin (Banka navdewlet\u00ee, 2017). Berdewam\u00ee \u00fb bikaran\u00eena pir a av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een\u00a0 ji faktor\u00ean gir\u00eeng e ku bandor\u00ea li ser civakan dike. Li gor\u00ee Peymangeha \u00c7avkaniy\u00ean C\u00eehan\u00ea (2015), 14 welat ji bingeh\u00ea 33 welat\u00ean Rojhilata Nav\u00een, t\u00ea texm\u00eenkirin ku di sala 2040\u00ee de d\u00ea k\u00eamav bin. Ev yek j\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide li ser p\u00eadiviya gir\u00eeng ji bo \u00e7areserkirina k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Herwiha, k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea bi aloziy\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ve hatin gir\u00eadan. De Chatel (2014) \u00fb Glick (2014) dib\u00eenin ku k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea w\u00ea bih\u00eale ku \u015fer li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00e7\u00eabibe. Di heman dem\u00ea de, negiha\u015ftina av\u00ea li gundewaran, hi\u015ft ku ko\u00e7beriyeke mezin ji gundan ber bi bajaran ve \u00e7\u00eabibe, lewra neraz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ean\u00a0 civak\u00ea z\u00eade b\u00fbn \u00fb aloziy\u00ean siyas\u00ee li dij rej\u00eem\u00ea j\u00ee pir b\u00fbn. Aloziya penaberan j\u00ee v\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee berfireh \u015firove dike, ku penaber\u00ean ji S\u00fbriya, Iraq, Yemen \u00fb L\u00eebyay\u00ea rast\u00ee k\u00eamb\u00fbneke dijwar a av\u00ea t\u00ean li her\u00eam\u00ean xwe (Banka navdewlet\u00ee 2017an, UNHCR, 2015an\u00a0 Navenda Navdewlet\u00ee ya Ge\u015fep\u00eadana Nek\u00eam \u00fb Enc\u00fbmena Penaberan a Norway 2016an). \u00a0Glick (2014) diyar kir ku penaber\u00ee \u00fb aloziy\u00ean gihandina xwarin\u00ea \u00fb b\u00eakariy\u00ea, bi awayek\u00ee mezin bandor\u00ea li ser aramiya siyas\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dikin.<\/p>\n

R\u00eajey\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00eeb\u00fbna bi av\u00ea j\u00ee lawaziya her\u00eam\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan didin. Welat\u00ean wek\u00ee Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriyay\u00ea r\u00eajey\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00eeb\u00fbna wan bi \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean av\u00ea y\u00ean dervey\u00ee re pir z\u00eade ne, ev r\u00eaje li Iraq\u00ea %60.8 \u00fb li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea j\u00ee %72.4 e (R\u00eajeya Gir\u00eaday\u00eeb\u00fbna bi Av\u00ea, 2017). Ev gir\u00eaday\u00eeb\u00fbna bi \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean av\u00ea y\u00ean s\u00eenor-derbas, digel z\u00eadeb\u00fbna nif\u00fbs\u00ea ji 104 milyon di sala 1950\u00ee de heta texm\u00eenkir\u00ee 692 milyon heta sala 2050y\u00ee (Da\u00eereya Nif\u00fbs\u00ea ya Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee, 2007), potansiyela stresa av\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ea z\u00eade dike (Wolf \u00fb Hammer, 2000; Troup \u00fb Wegerskog, 2006).<\/p>\n

Piraniya caran j\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea wek\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya guhartina civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ye. Di w\u00eajey\u00ean aloziya av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een de, av\u00ea wek\u00ee faktorek\u00ee sereke di aloziy\u00ean siyas\u00ee\u00a0 \u00fb ewlekar\u00ee li ser asta ni\u015ftiman\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee de n\u00ee\u015fan dide (Smirnov \u00fb kes\u00ean din, 2016, Glick 2014, Thiessen \u00fb hin kes\u00ean din 2012). Tev\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, perspekt\u00eefek alternat\u00eef li ser ka k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea \u00e7awa tevger\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb j\u00eengeh\u00ea dime\u015f\u00eene disekine \u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee roleke gir\u00eeng dil\u00eezin. Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee bal\u00ea ji nakokiy\u00ean av\u00ea y\u00ean navbera dewletan diguhez\u00eene bandor\u00ean navxwey\u00ee y\u00ean k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li ser debara jiyan\u00ea \u00fb aboriy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00eerok\u00ean belavb\u00fby\u00ee y\u00ean di x\u00eetaba av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een, bal\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eenin li ser av\u00ea wek\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya aloz\u00ee \u00fb \u015fer\u00ea di navbera dewletan \u00fb nedewletan.\u00a0 N\u00ear\u00eena \u015fer\u00ea av\u00ea radigih\u00eene ku rikberiya li ser \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean k\u00eam, digih\u00eaje ku \u015fer di navbera dewletan de \u00e7\u00eabibe. Em bala xwe bidin bingeh\u00ea hizira \u015fer\u00ean av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een bi taybet, em \u00ea b\u00eenin ku cara yekem ji rojnamevan \u00fb siyasetmedar\u00ean wek\u00ee\u00a0 John Bullock\u00a0 \u00fb Adil Derw\u00ee\u015f (1993) hatiye, ku pir\u00fbka bi sernav\u00ea \u201c\u015eer\u00ean av\u00ea: Aloziy\u00ean b\u00ea di Rojhilata\u00a0 Nav\u00een de\u201d, an j\u00ee siyasetmedar\u00ean wek\u00ee siyasetmedar\u00ea Misr\u00ea \u00fb Sekerter\u00ea \u015fe\u015fem\u00een \u00ea Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee Boutros Boutros Ghali ku ragihand \u201c\u015fer\u00ea b\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een w\u00ea derbar\u00ea av\u00ea be ne siyas\u00ee be\u201d (1985).<\/p>\n

Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, Selby (2005) \u00fb Froelich (2012) pi\u015ftgir\u00ee didin ramana tekezkirina bandor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea \u00fb dib\u00eajin ku \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya \u015fer\u00ean av\u00ea ne argumanek rast\u00een e \u00fb ji texm\u00eena neo-malthusian derdikeve. Ev n\u00ear\u00een texm\u00een dike ku mezinb\u00fbna nif\u00fbs\u00ea bi k\u00eamb\u00fbna \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean av\u00ea re t\u00ea, ku nakok\u00ee \u00fb tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiy\u00ea z\u00eade dike. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ne pi\u015ftgiriyek rast\u00een \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ee ya bih\u00eaz heye, ne j\u00ee \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb zanist\u00ee ya bih\u00eaz ji bo texm\u00eena hey\u00ee ya \u015fer\u00ean av\u00ea heye. Em di n\u00eev sedsala bor\u00ee de nikarin tu \u00eelan\u00ean ferm\u00ee y\u00ean \u015fer li ser av\u00ea bib\u00eenin (Barnaby, 2009).<\/p>\n

Selby(2005) dib\u00eene ku bandora k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li ser aboriy\u00ean xwecih\u00ee \u00fb y\u00ean j\u00ear dewlet\u00ea, mezin e, nexasim ji bo civak\u00ean ku xwe disp\u00earin \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb aboriy\u00ean xwecih\u00ee. K\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea, jiyana civak\u00ee \u00fb debara jiyan\u00ea \u00fb rehetiya civak\u00ean xwecih\u00ee, t\u00eak dibe. Bi heman away\u00ee j\u00ee, Froelich (2012) bal\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene li ser gir\u00eengiya \u015fer\u00ean xwecih\u00ee li ser av\u00ea \u00fb t\u00eene ziman ku \u015fer\u00ean li ser av\u00ea li ser asta j\u00ear-ni\u015ftiman\u00ee, metirisiy\u00ean mezin li ser aramiya civak\u00ee \u00e7\u00eadike. Ev nakokiy\u00ean li asta her\u00eam\u00ee wek\u00ee fikarek gir\u00eengtir ji t\u00eagiha berfirehtir a \u015fer\u00ean av\u00ea y\u00ean navbera dewletan t\u00eane d\u00eetin.<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, d\u00eerokeke hevbe\u015f di navbera dewlet\u00ean Rojhilata Nav\u00een de heye li ser gihandina av\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean av\u00ea y\u00ean ji dervay\u00ee s\u00eenoran. Dawlatyar Gray (2000) texm\u00een dike ku \u015fer\u00ean av\u00ea y\u00ean li Rojhilata Nav\u00een di siberoj\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eanabin \u00fb tu ti\u015ft\u00ean ku pi\u015ftgir\u00ee bidin v\u00ea \u00eed\u00eeay\u00ea tune ne. Ji bil\u00ee ku em li bikaran\u00eena diplomasiya av\u00ea di navbera dewletan di dema bor\u00ee de bin\u00earin, l\u00eakol\u00eenkirina siyaset\u00ean av\u00ea li hewza \u00e7em\u00ea Urdun\u00ea, hewza Dicle \u00fb Firat\u00ea \u00fb N\u00eevgirava Ereb\u00ee, n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een ji provokekirina \u015fer\u00ean av\u00ea di navbera hik\u00fbmetan de b\u00eatir ji bo p\u00eakan\u00eena a\u015ftiy\u00ea xizmet kiriye \u00fb d\u00ea di p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea de j\u00ee wiha bike (Dawlatyar \u00fb Gray, 2000).<\/p>\n

S\u00fbriya m\u00eenakeke ku di r\u00fby\u00ea \u00e7\u00eeroka \u015fer\u00ea av\u00ea de radiweste.\u00a0 Di demek\u00ea de ku h\u00een i\u00eakol\u00een, dib\u00eenin ku \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee y\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00fb hi\u015fkesal\u00ee \u00fb k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea bi hev ve gir\u00ea didin, Selby \u00fb kes\u00ean din (2017) \u00fb Tobias Eide (2018) dib\u00eenin ku tu del\u00eel\u00ean van \u00eed\u00eeayan \u00ean zanist\u00ee y\u00ean cehwer\u00ee tune ye. Herwiha, t\u00eenin ziman ku tev\u00ee k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea dibe ku xal\u00ean lawaziy\u00ea z\u00eadetir kirine, l\u00ea sedem\u00ean sereke y\u00ean \u015fer, zulim \u00fb zordariya siyas\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee ye (Selby \u00fb kes\u00ean din 2017an).<\/p>\n

Perspekt\u00eefeke nuwazetir ji dikotomiya \u015fer\u00ea av\u00ea \u00fb hevkariya av\u00ea w\u00eadetir di\u00e7e \u00fb li ser bandor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea disekine. Bandor\u00ean k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li ser aboriy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb y\u00ean bin-dewletan pir k\u00fbr in. K\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea ya her\u00eam\u00ee debara jiyan\u00ea t\u00eak dide \u00fb bandor\u00ea li tendurist\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiya xwarin\u00ea dike. Ko\u00e7beriya nif\u00fbsa gundan ber bi bajaran ve, nemaze li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, n\u00ee\u015fan dide ka \u00e7awa stresa av\u00ea ya her\u00eam\u00ee dikare binesaziya bajar\u00ee b\u00ea\u00eest\u00eeqrar bike \u00fb b\u00ea\u00eest\u00eeqrariya civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee z\u00eade bike (Gleick, 2014). Ev bandor p\u00eaw\u00eestiya \u00e7areserkirina k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li asta her\u00eam\u00ee, bi balki\u015fandina ser \u00e7areseriy\u00ean piral\u00ee y\u00ean ku faktor\u00ean civak\u00ee, siyas\u00ee, j\u00eengeh\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee li ber \u00e7avan digirin, destn\u00ee\u015fan dikin.<\/p>\n

N\u00eeqa\u015fa hey\u00ee ya li ser k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een, gelek aliy\u00ean w\u00ea hene. Xwediy\u00ean \u00e7\u00eeroka \u015fer\u00ea an\u00ee dib\u00eenin ku k\u00eamb\u00fbna \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean av\u00ea, xal\u00ean lawazb\u00fbna civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee z\u00eadetir dikin, S\u00fbriya j\u00ee wek\u00ee m\u00eenaka v\u00ea yek\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide. L\u00ea rexnegir pi\u015ftrast dikin ku del\u00eel\u00ean li ser heb\u00fbna \u015fer\u00ea di navbera dewletan de li ser av\u00ea ne xurt in \u00fb li ser peyman\u00ean ber\u00ea y\u00ean derbar\u00ea av\u00ea de hatine kirin di navbera dewlet\u00ean c\u00eeran de li Rojhilata Nav\u00een, pi\u015ftrast dikin. Herwiha, li gor\u00ee l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean tecrube n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku hevkar\u00ee ji \u015fer pirtir encam b\u00fbye. Doz\u00ean \u00c7em\u00ea Urdun\u00ea \u00fb hewz\u00ean D\u00eecle-Firat\u00ea potansiyela \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean av\u00ea y\u00ean hevpar ji bo ba\u015ftirkirina dan\u00fbstandin \u00fb \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean kolekt\u00eef destn\u00ee\u015fan dikin (Dawlatyar \u00fb Gray, 2000).<\/p>\n

\u00a0Diyar e ku t\u00eagiha \u015fer\u00ean av\u00ea di navbera dewlet\u00ean Rojhilata Nav\u00een de nay\u00ea bawerkirin, ji ber ku pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean av\u00ea bi bandortir di asta her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb bin-dewlet\u00ee de t\u00eane anal\u00eezkirin, ne bi \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean nav-dewlet\u00ee (Selby, 2005; Frohlich, 2012). Aloziy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb bin-dewlet\u00ee y\u00ean bi k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee rasterast \u00fb gir\u00eeng bandor\u00ea li jiyana civak\u00ee ya mirovan dikin, ku hewcedariya balki\u015fandina ser van p\u00eevanan destn\u00ee\u015fan dike (Frohlich, 2012). Bandor\u00ean \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean av\u00ea y\u00ean s\u00eenorkir\u00ee di jiyana rojane ya civak\u00ean bandordar de t\u00eane d\u00eetin, ku p\u00eadiv\u00ee bi p\u00ea\u015fxistina pol\u00eet\u00eeka \u00fb stratejiyan ji bo k\u00eamkirina b\u00eaewlehiya civak\u00ee di nav nif\u00fbs\u00ean xeternak de heye.<\/p>\n

Fikra ku k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea dibe sedema \u015fer\u00ean nav-dewlet\u00ee hatiye pirs\u00een, ji ber ku del\u00eel n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku \u00eed\u00eeay\u00ean weha b\u00ea preseptora d\u00eerok\u00ee ne (Selby, 2005). Di \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea de, bandor\u00ean k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee her\u00ee t\u00fbj li asta her\u00eam\u00ee t\u00eane h\u00eeskirin, ku t\u00ea de t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna debara jiyan\u00ea \u00fb refaha civak\u00ea her\u00ee k\u00fbr e (Fr\u00f6hlich, 2012; Selby, 2005). \u00c7areserkirina k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea p\u00eadiv\u00ee bi xurtkirina pergal\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya av\u00ea y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, p\u00ea\u015fvebirina peyman\u00ean parvekirina av\u00ea y\u00ean hevkar, \u00fb k\u00eamkirina lawaziy\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee y\u00ean k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea ya her\u00eam\u00ee heye. N\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek pir-ast\u00ee \u00fb piral\u00ee ji bo k\u00eamkirina xeterey\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een gir\u00eeng e.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00ea resen \u00ea gotar\u00ea: Water Wars in the Middle East: Reality or Fiction<\/p>\n

\n

Niv\u00eeskar: R\u00eeza Zohrab\u00ee<\/p>\n

\n

We\u015fan: Malpera T\u00eakiliy\u00ean Navdewlet\u00ee<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Wergera ji \u00eengl\u00eez\u00ee: Mihemed \u015eemd\u00een K\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een wek\u00ee gefa her\u00ee mezin hate diyarkirin, ku z\u00eadetir\u00ee ji sed\u00ee 60 ji nif\u00fbsa her\u00eam\u00ea \u00ea\u015f \u00fb azar\u00ea ji k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee mezin \u00fb tund diki\u015f\u00eenin (Banka navdewlet\u00ee, 2017). Berdewam\u00ee \u00fb bikaran\u00eena pir a av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een\u00a0 ji […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2699,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,58],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-2698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manshet","category-pirtuk"],"yoast_head":"\n\u015eer\u00ean av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een: Rast\u00ee yan xeyal e? - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-78\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u015eer\u00ean av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een: Rast\u00ee yan xeyal e? - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Wergera ji \u00eengl\u00eez\u00ee: Mihemed \u015eemd\u00een K\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een wek\u00ee gefa her\u00ee mezin hate diyarkirin, ku z\u00eadetir\u00ee ji sed\u00ee 60 ji nif\u00fbsa her\u00eam\u00ea \u00ea\u015f \u00fb azar\u00ea ji k\u00eamb\u00fbna av\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee mezin \u00fb tund diki\u015f\u00eenin (Banka navdewlet\u00ee, 2017). 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