{"id":2665,"date":"2025-07-14T13:12:36","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T13:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=2665"},"modified":"2025-07-14T13:12:36","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T13:12:36","slug":"1-70","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-70\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00eakiliy\u00ean Amer\u00eeka-S\u00fbriyay\u00ea (1946\u20132011)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n

Gelek kes ji e\u015fkerekirin\u00ean Miles Copeland, efser\u00ea \u00eest\u00eexbarata Rojhilata Nav\u00een a CIAy\u00ea, ku di bin nav\u00ea ata\u015feyek\u00ee \u00e7and\u00ee de li balyozxaneya Amer\u00eekay\u00ea ya li \u015eam\u00ea erkdar b\u00fb, pir matmay\u00ee man. Di pirt\u00fbka xwe ya bi nav\u00ea \u201cThe Game of Nations\u201d (l\u00eestika neteweyan) \u00a0(ku di sala 1970y\u00ee de, salek pi\u015ft\u00ee we\u015fandina w\u00ea, wergerandiye ereb\u00ee), Copeland behsa be\u015fdariya Washington\u00ea di derbeya Husn\u00ee El-Ze\u00eem a sala 1949an de kir. Ev tev\u00ee ku pirt\u00fbk di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de li ser Serok\u00ea Misr\u00ea Cemal Ebdulnasir disekin\u00ee, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku Copeland be\u015fdariya CIAy\u00ea di derbeya Misr\u00ea ya 1952yan de e\u015fkere kir.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea ew perdey\u00ean st\u00fbr \u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee bi we\u015fandina pirt\u00fbka \u201cRopes of Sand\u201d (wer\u00ees\u00ean ji x\u00eez\u00ea) di sala 1980y\u00ee de ji h\u00eala Wilbur Crane Eveland, rayedarek\u00ee duyem\u00een \u00ea CIAy\u00ea ve, dest bi hinek\u00ee rakirin\u00ea kirin. Di w\u00ea de, w\u00ee be\u015fdariya ajans\u00ea bi br\u00eetan\u00eeyan re di plansazkirina hewldanek derbeya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ya bi nav\u00ea Operasyona Straggle de, di navbera bihar \u00fb pay\u00eeza 1956an de \u00fb plansaziya yekal\u00ee ya amer\u00eekay\u00ee ya hewldanek derbeya duyem\u00een a bi nav\u00ea Operasyona Wappen, ku ber\u00ee ku di tebaxa 1957an de \u00e7\u00eabibe, m\u00eena ya yekem, ji h\u00eala Kolonel Ebdulhem\u00eed El-Seraj, serok\u00ea Of\u00eesa Duyem\u00een ve hate e\u015fkerekirin, e\u015fkere b\u00fbn. H\u00fbrgul\u00ee bi e\u015fkerekirina belgey\u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee y\u00ean li ser Rojhilata Nav\u00een \u00ean 1988an, ku serdema 1945-1958an vedihew\u00eene, zelal b\u00fbn. Douglas Little belgey\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee meseleya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee di l\u00eakol\u00eenek bi nav\u00ea \u201c\u015eer\u00ea Sar \u00fb Operasyon\u00ean Ve\u015fart\u00ee: Amer\u00eeka \u00fb S\u00fbriya 1945-1958,\u201d Kovara The Middle East, Cild 44, Hejmar 1, Zivistan 1990, r. 51-75 de l\u00eakol\u00een kir. Li gor\u00ee belgey\u00ean ku Little l\u00eakol\u00een dike, Amer\u00eeka ji bil\u00ee plankirina t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fby\u00ee ya Operasyon\u00ean Strackle \u00fb Wapen, li pi\u015ft derbeya Husn\u00ee El-Ze\u00eem a 30\u00ea adara 1949an \u00fb darbeya duyem\u00een a Ed\u00eeb \u015e\u00ee\u015fekl\u00ee ya \u015feva 28-29\u00ea mijdara 1951\u00ea de b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Li gor\u00ee Little, armanca Washington\u00ea ji bo pi\u015ftgiriya El-Ze\u00eem ew b\u00fb ku desthilatek n\u00fb bib\u00eene ku projeya boriya petrol\u00ea ya Tapline ji Erebistana Si\u00fbd\u00ee pesend bike, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku parlementoya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea pejirandina peyman\u00ea asteng kirib\u00fb ji ber ku parlamenteran daxwaz kirib\u00fbn ku boriya petrol\u00ea ji perav\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea derbas bibe ne ji Lubnan\u00ea. \u015e\u00ee\u015fekl\u00ee – ku hefteyek ber\u00ee darbeya xwe ya duyem\u00een, di axaftinek\u00ea de bi Copeland re li balyozxaneya Amer\u00eekay li \u015eam\u00ea pi\u015ftgir\u00ee dab\u00fb plan\u00ean avakirina “Fermandariya Rojhilata Nav\u00een (MEC)”, ku ji h\u00eala Amer\u00eeka, Br\u00eetanya, Fransa \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea ve hatib\u00fb p\u00ea\u015fniyazkirin – ev derbe li dij hik\u00fbmeta ku ji h\u00eala dijber\u00ea projey\u00ea Mar\u00fbf El-Dewalib\u00ee ve hat\u00ee damezrandin p\u00eak an\u00ee. Nirxandinek li ser r\u00ea\u00e7a siyaseta amer\u00eekay\u00ee ya li hember \u015eam\u00ea di sal\u00ean 1940\u00ee de faktora boriya petrol\u00ea e\u015fkere dike. Di sal\u00ean 1950y\u00ee de, Rojhilata Nav\u00een veguher\u00ee qadeke her\u00eam\u00ee ku bi r\u00eaya pira Tirkiyay\u00ea bi r\u00eaya projeya MEC ve bi NATOy\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fb \u00fb pi\u015ftre Peymana Bexday\u00ea di sala 1955an de p\u00eak hat. Pi\u015ft\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea, di n\u00eev\u00ea duyem\u00een \u00ea sal\u00ean 1950y\u00ee de bandora komun\u00eest a her\u00eam\u00ee z\u00eade b\u00fb \u00fb herwiha di navbera sal\u00ean 1955 \u00fb 1957an de, S\u00fbriya ber bi \u00e7ep\u00ea ve \u00fb ber bi rojhilat ve ber bi Sovyet\u00ea ve \u00e7\u00fb. Ev yek b\u00fb sedema fikaran di nav Wez\u00eer\u00ea Derve y\u00ea Amer\u00eekay\u00ea John Foster Dulles \u00fb biray\u00ea w\u00ee, R\u00eaveber\u00ea CIA Allen de, ku ji bo wan gefa komun\u00eest diyarker\u00ea sereke y\u00ea n\u00ear\u00eena wan a li ser c\u00eehan\u00ea b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Li gor\u00ee Little, Washington h\u00eaza ajotin\u00ea ya li pi\u015ft r\u00eavebirina h\u00eaz\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea Enqeray\u00ea ve ber bi s\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ve di \u00eelona 1957an de b\u00fb, meha pi\u015ft\u00ee tay\u00eenkirina Ef\u00eef El-Bizr\u00ee wek\u00ee Serok\u00ea Erkan\u00ea Art\u00ea\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, ku meyla xwe ya komun\u00eest vene\u015fart.<\/p>\n

Di w\u00ea \u201ckr\u00eeza S\u00fbriyay\u00ea\u201d ya du mehan de, yekem r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna di navbera Qesra Sp\u00ee \u00fb Kremlin\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb dema ku serok\u00ea Sovyet\u00ea N\u00eek\u00eeta Khrushchev gef li Tirkiyay\u00ea, endameke NATOy\u00ea, xwar \u00fb got ku \u201cher \u00e7alakiyek \u00ear\u00ee\u015fkar li dij\u00ee S\u00fbriyay\u00ea d\u00ea bibe sedema encam\u00ean pir cid\u00ee, di nav de y\u00ean ji bo Tirkiyay\u00ea j\u00ee.\u201d Pi\u015ft\u00ee v\u00ea kr\u00eez\u00ea, p\u00eanc sal \u015f\u00fbnda, \u201ckr\u00eeza m\u00fb\u015fek\u00ee ya Sovyet\u00ea li Kubay\u00ea\u201d hat, di heman dem\u00ea de hem\u00ee r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbn\u00ean \u015eer\u00ea Sar bi r\u00eaya wek\u00eelan di navbera her du mezinan, Amer\u00eeka \u00fb Yek\u00eetiya Sovyet\u00ea de hatin kirin.<\/p>\n

Li vir, h\u00eaza z\u00eade ya komun\u00eestan li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dikare n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna Washington\u00ea bi Ebdulnasir re rave bike, ku e\u015fkere b\u00fb an j\u00ee wergeriya kr\u00eeza Lubnan\u00ea di hav\u00eena 1958an de \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee dijminatiya hevpar a di navbera Washington \u00fb Qah\u00eeray\u00ea de li hember desthilatdariya Ebdulker\u00eem Qasim, ku bi komun\u00eest\u00ean iraq\u00ee re hevalbend b\u00fb, rave bike.<\/p>\n

Mifteya v\u00ea der\u00ea p\u00eakan e di telegramek\u00ea de ye ku Balyoz\u00ea Amer\u00eekay\u00ea li Qah\u00eeray\u00ea, Raymond Hare, di 11\u00ea kan\u00fbna p\u00ea\u015f\u00een a 1957an de ji Wezareta Derve re \u015fandiye. Ev telegram dibe ku lezandina ji ni\u015fka ve ya ber bi yek\u00eetiya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee-misr\u00ee ve ku di 22y\u00ea sibata 1958an de dest p\u00ea kir rave bike:<\/p>\n

\u201cRojnamevanek\u00ee Misr\u00ee ji min re got ku Nasir, li gor\u00ee agahiy\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala Amer\u00eekay\u00ea ve dane w\u00ee, bawer b\u00fbye ku Ef\u00eef El-Bizr\u00ee bi rast\u00ee j\u00ee komun\u00eest e \u00fb div\u00ea ti\u015ftek were kirin da ku ev \u00e7areser bibe. Nasir ji me amer\u00eekayiyan dixwest ku di s\u00ea meh\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f de dest\u00ean xwe ji S\u00fbriyay\u00ea d\u00fbr bigirin \u00fb ti\u015ftek\u00ee ku El-Bizr\u00ee, Xalid Bekda\u015f \u00fb Wez\u00eer\u00ea Parastin\u00ea Xalid El-Ezm wek\u00ee qehremanan n\u00ee\u015fan bide, nekin\u201d (James Barr, *Masters of the Desert* (Serek\u00ean biyaban\u00ea) , *Basic Books*, New York 2018, Be\u015fa 22, r. 284).<\/p>\n

Herwiha, di *T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ji bo S\u00fbriyey\u00ea* ya Patrick Seale (Dar El-Enwar, Beyr\u00fbt 1968) de, em \u015fahidiya Fares El-Xoury li ser sedem\u00ean pejirandina w\u00ee ya projeya yek\u00eet\u00eey\u00ea dib\u00eenin:<\/p>\n

\u201cHer \u00e7end ez bi yek\u00eetiy\u00ea raz\u00ee neb\u00fbm j\u00ee, l\u00ea ez bi e\u015fkerey\u00ee li dij\u00ee w\u00ea dernekim. W\u00ea dem\u00ea, min bawer dikir ku ew ten\u00ea r\u00eaya astengkirina p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna komun\u00eezm\u00ea bo nav wel\u00eat b\u00fb\u201d (r. 423). Ev, digel telegrama Balyoz Hare, ravekirinek ji bo b\u00fbyerek gir\u00eeng di d\u00eeroka s\u00fbriyay\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee de peyda dike, ku sedem\u00ean w\u00ea, pi\u015ft\u00ee du s\u00eayekan ji sedsalek\u00ea, s\u00fbryay\u00ee h\u00een j\u00ee li ser w\u00ea nakok in.<\/p>\n

Ji bil\u00ee ravekirina sedem\u00ean yek\u00eetiy\u00ea, derketin \u00fb damezrandina \u201cKomara Yekb\u00fby\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee\u201d b\u00fb sedema \u015fikestina n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna ku di sala 1955an de di navbera Qah\u00eera \u00fb Moskoy\u00ea de dest p\u00ea kirib\u00fb \u00fb b\u00fb sedema n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna b\u00eatir di navbera Qah\u00eera \u00fb Washington\u00ea de li Beyr\u00fbt\u00ea, ku b\u00fb sedema destp\u00eakirina wan a hevbe\u015f a serdema F\u00fbad \u015eehab. Pi\u015ftre ew di dijminatiya xwe ya li hember Iraq\u00ea ya Ebdulker\u00eem Qasim de, ku bi komun\u00eestan re hevalbend b\u00fb, b\u00fbn yek.<\/p>\n

Li vir, li ser mijara Iraq\u00ea, min tezek sala 2006an a William Ziman, ku li ser belgey\u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee y\u00ean nepen\u00ee hatiye avakirin, bi sernav\u00ea \u201cDestwerdana Ve\u015fart\u00ee ya Amer\u00eekay\u00ee li Iraq\u00ea 1958\u20131963\u201d ji bo mastera d\u00eerok\u00ea ji Zan\u00eengeha W\u00eelayeta Kal\u00eeforniyay\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kir. (Guhertoya PDF – 53 r\u00fbpel) Di w\u00ea de, ew hevkariya Qah\u00eera \u00fb Washington\u00ea di hewldana ku\u015ftina Partiya Beis\u00ea ya 1959an de li dij\u00ee Ebdulker\u00eem Qasim e\u015fkere dike (r. 21). Pi\u015ftre ew rola CIAy\u00ea di darbeya Beis\u00ea ya li dij Qasim de di 8\u00ea sibata 1963yan de, tev\u00ee le\u015fkerkirina rayedar\u00ea r\u00eaxistina le\u015fker\u00ee ya Beis\u00ea, Kolonel Saleh Mehd\u00ee Ammash (r. 26) e\u015fkere dike. Di r\u00fbpela 25an de, ew \u015fahidiya Dr. Cemal El-Etas\u00ee li ser \u201cpejirandina r\u00eaber\u00ean Partiya Beis\u00ea li Iraq\u00ea ya hevkariya wan bi CIAy\u00ea re ji bo hilwe\u015fandina desthilatdariya Qasim \u00fb \u00e7awa wan xwe bi Len\u00een re berawird kirin dema ku w\u00ee di dema \u015fer de bi almanan re hevkar\u00ee kir di \u00e7\u00eeroka tr\u00ean\u00ea de ku ji Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea derbas\u00ee R\u00fbsyay\u00ea dib\u00fb da ku bigih\u00eeje wir \u00fb \u015fore\u015f\u00ea bi r\u00ea ve bibe.\u201d D\u00fbv re Dr. El-Etas\u00ee li ser S\u00fbriya \u00fb derbeya 8\u00ea adara 1963yan didom\u00eene: \u201cL\u00eabel\u00ea, di rastiy\u00ea de, ji rojava, bi taybet\u00ee ji Amer\u00eekay\u00ea, zextek heb\u00fb ku Partiya Beis\u00ea ya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee li \u015eam\u00ea desthilatdariy\u00ea bigire dest, w\u00ea monopol bike \u00fb hem\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean din, tev\u00ee komun\u00eest \u00fb nasir\u00eestan, ji hol\u00ea rake\u201d (r. 25).<\/p>\n

Ev yek n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku hatina Beisiyan bo ser desthilatdariy\u00ea di nav s\u00ee roj\u00ee de, hem li Bexday\u00ea \u00fb hem j\u00ee li \u015eam\u00ea, xalek jihevketin\u00ea di navbera Washington \u00fb Qah\u00eeray\u00ea de b\u00fb \u00fb ku ev her du derbey\u00ean Beis\u00ea derbe b\u00fbn ku ji h\u00eala Washington\u00ea ve li dij Ebdulnasir hatine kirin.<\/p>\n

Wiha xuya dike ku, her wek\u00ee ku derbeya veqetandin\u00ea derbeyek li Nasir da \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea ew matmay\u00ee ma, derketina hol\u00ea ya du navend\u00ean Beis\u00ea li Bexda \u00fb \u015eam\u00ea – an j\u00ee ti\u015ft\u00ea ku Nasir di yek ji axaftin\u00ean xwe de bi nav\u00ea \u201cKevana Z\u00ear\u00een a Beis\u00ea\u00ad\u201d bi nav kir – armanc ew b\u00fb ku tevgera neteweperest a ereb par\u00e7e bike. Beis bi piran\u00ee di v\u00ea yek\u00ea de bi ser ketin, ber\u00ee ku Nasir di \u015fer\u00ea 1967an de tevl\u00ee bikin, ku derbeyek hema hema kujer li w\u00ee da.<\/p>\n

Li vir, div\u00ea were zan\u00een ku serokatiya Partiya Beis\u00ea ya Iraq\u00ea, ku t\u00eakiliy\u00ean w\u00ea bi Washington\u00ea re, wek\u00ee ku Ziman belge dike, di nav serok\u00ean ku pi\u015ft\u00ee Kongreya P\u00eancem\u00een a Netewey\u00ee ya Partiya Beis\u00ea ya ku di gulana 1962yan de li Hums\u00ea hate lidarxistin, bi jin\u00fbveavakirina r\u00eaxistina s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ya partiy\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee ku di serdema yekb\u00fbn\u00ea de hate hilwe\u015fandin, hatin erkdarkirin. Herwiha div\u00ea were zan\u00een ku Ebdulnasir, pi\u015ft\u00ee qutb\u00fbna xwe bi beisiyan re di hav\u00eena 1963yan de, ku bi d\u00fbrketina Washington\u00ea ji w\u00ee re hevdem b\u00fb, di sala 1964an de vegeriya lihevhatin\u00ea bi Moskow\u00ea re. Ev yek bi n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna di navbera Washington \u00fb Tileb\u00eeb\u00ea de hevdem b\u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee aloziy\u00ean ku di dema Serokwez\u00eer\u00ea \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea David Ben-Gurion de t\u00eakiliy\u00ean wan xera kirin (ku di sala 1963yan de \u00eestifa kir). Pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea 1956an, Ben-Gurion bal diki\u015fand ser t\u00eakiliya bi eksena Par\u00ees-Bonn re \u201c\u00fb hewl dida ku \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea bi w\u00ea ve gir\u00ea bide da ku bombeya atom\u00ee bi dest bixe, ku li dij helwesta cih\u00fby\u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee \u00fb \u00eesra\u00eeliy\u00ean dilsoz \u00ean Amer\u00eekay\u00ea b\u00fb… \u00fb h\u00earsa komeke mezin ji r\u00eaber\u00ean Partiya Mapaiy\u00ea y\u00ean bi meyl\u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee derxist hol\u00ea\u201d (Tahan\u00ee Halsa: \u201cBen-Gurion,\u201d Navenda L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea ya R\u00eaxistina Rizgariya Filist\u00een\u00ea, Beyr\u00fbt 1968, r. 156-158).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, di t\u00eakiliy\u00ean s\u00fbriyay\u00ee-amer\u00eekay\u00ee de serdemek ne zelal heb\u00fb, ku ji 8\u00ea adara 1963yan heta hatina Hafiz El-Esed di 16\u00ea mijdara 1970y\u00ee de dir\u00eaj b\u00fb. Hik\u00fbmeta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, ku ji 23y\u00ea sibata 1966an vir ve ji aliy\u00ea \u00e7epgir\u00ean Beis\u00ea ve dihat kontrolkirin, biryara 242 ya Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee, ku encama lihevkirinek Amer\u00eeka-Sovyet pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea hez\u00eerana 1967an b\u00fb, red kir.<\/p>\n

Di hav\u00eena 1970y\u00ee de, \u015eam \u00fb Qah\u00eera li ser pejirandina destp\u00ea\u015fxeriya Wez\u00eer\u00ea Derve y\u00ea Amer\u00eekay\u00ea William Rogers ji bo agirbestek di \u015eer\u00ea Misir-\u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea de \u00fb ji bo dan\u00eena r\u00eayek ji bo p\u00eakan\u00eena biryara 242yan, ku prens\u00eeba \u201cerd ji bo a\u015ftiy\u00ea\u201d ji bo \u00e7areserkirina nakokiya Ereb-\u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea destn\u00ee\u015fan dikir, li hev kirin.<\/p>\n

Dema ku desthilata Urdun\u00ea bi H\u00eaz\u00ean Berxwedana Filist\u00een\u00ee re ketin pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb desthilata \u015eam\u00ea di \u00eelona 1970y\u00ee de h\u00eaz\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u015fandin da ku pi\u015ftgiriy\u00ea bidin filist\u00eeniyan, Hafiz El-Esed, ku w\u00ea dem\u00ea Wez\u00eer\u00ea Parastin\u00ea b\u00fb, biryarname red kir \u00fb red kir ku ji bo h\u00eaz\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea parastina heway\u00ee peyda bike.<\/p>\n

Dibe ku bidestxistina desthilatdariy\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea Hafiz El-Esed ve \u00fb derbeya w\u00ee ya li dij \u015fibat\u00eestan ji ber bandor\u00ean rasterast \u00ean b\u00fbyer\u00ean li Urdun\u00ea \u00fb pejirandina navnetewey\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee ya tevgera w\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbbe, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku Tileb\u00eeb gef xwar ku destwerdana Urdun\u00ea bike da ku li dij destwerdana le\u015fker\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea derkeve.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ti\u015ft\u00ea ku derbeya 1970y\u00ee bi k\u00fbrah\u00ee rave dike, qeb\u00fblkirina Biryarnameya 242 ji aliy\u00ea Hafiz El-Esed ve ye, ku Rojhilata Nav\u00een a pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea 1967an p\u00eanase kir.<\/p>\n

Heta \u015fer\u00ea 1973yan j\u00ee \u015ferek\u00ee ji bo p\u00ea\u015fvebirina p\u00eavajoya \u00e7areseriy\u00ea b\u00fb, ne \u201c\u015fer\u00ea rizgariy\u00ea\u201d b\u00fb. Dema ku Misir ber bi \u00e7areseriyek\u00ea bi \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea re di\u00e7\u00fbn, El-Esed, bav \u00fb kur, ber bi “hevjiyan\u00ea\u201d ve di\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb div\u00ea sedem\u00ean v\u00ea yek\u00ea werin l\u00eakol\u00eenkirin. Wiha xuya dike ku ketina Be\u015far El-Esed r\u00eaya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ber bi \u00e7areseriyek\u00ea bi \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea re leztir kir, her \u00e7end hevjiyana S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea re, ku bi prat\u00eek\u00ee bi Peymana Cudakirina H\u00eazan a 1974an dest p\u00ea kir, di hez\u00eerana 1976an de peymanek amer\u00eekay\u00ee-s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ji bo ketina h\u00eaz\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea nav Lubnan\u00ea hate kirin. Ev yek bi sponsoriya Tileb\u00eeb\u00ea re, di heman meh\u00ea de, ji bo kemberek ewlehiy\u00ea li ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Lubnan\u00ea bi h\u00eaz\u00ean Serheng Seed Hedad re hevdem b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Li vir, di \u00e7ileya 1976an de, Wez\u00eer\u00ea Derve y\u00ea Amer\u00eekay\u00ea Henry Kissinger ji Balyoz Amer\u00eekay\u00ea li \u015eam\u00ea Richard Murphy xwest ku \u201cSerfermandar\u00ea Gi\u015ft\u00ee y\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea Hikmet \u015eihab\u00ee ji h\u00eaviya me agahdar bike ku s\u00fbriyay\u00ee d\u00ea \u00e7i ji dest\u00ea wan t\u00ea bikin da ku li Lubnan\u00ea agirbestek\u00ea p\u00eak b\u00eenin \u00fb bingehek ji bo \u00e7areseriyek siyas\u00ee ya lihevkir\u00ee deynin.\u201d(1)<\/p>\n

Bi v\u00ea ragihandin\u00ea, ku Kissinger di b\u00eeran\u00een\u00ean xwe y\u00ean bi nav\u00ea \u201cSal\u00ean N\u00fbjenkirin\u00ea\u201d de tomar dike, ku serokatiya Gerald Ford (tebax 1974-\u00e7ile 1977) vedihew\u00eene, Kissinger bi r\u00eaya \u00e7irayek kesk a amer\u00eekay\u00ee ji bo \u015eam\u00ea xalek n\u00fb di t\u00eakiliy\u00ean Amer\u00eeka-S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de radigih\u00eene da ku rola sponsor di vemirandina agir\u00ea Lubnan\u00ea \u00fb d\u00eetina \u00e7areseriyek ji bo \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee li wir de bil\u00eeze.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ira kesk a Kissinger bo \u015eam\u00ea ne ten\u00ea destp\u00eaka rola her\u00eam\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan da, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku S\u00fbriya ji sal\u00ean 1940\u00ee vir ve \u201cmeydana l\u00eestik\u00ea ji bo y\u00ean din\u201d b\u00fb, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de d\u00fbrxistina Qah\u00eera \u00fb Bexday\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea Amer\u00eekay\u00ea ve j\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan da, ku bi awayek\u00ee \u00e7alak pi\u015ftgir\u00eeya Kemal Cumblat \u00fb Yasir Erefat li dij kampa rastgir a xiristiyan a Lubnan\u00ee dikirin.<\/p>\n

Ji bo Kissinger, ev yek nikare ji bikaran\u00eena reqabeta kevne\u015fop\u00ee ya di navbera rej\u00eem\u00ean Beis\u00ea y\u00ean li \u015eam \u00fb Bexday\u00ea de \u00fb ne j\u00ee ji bikaran\u00eena nakokiya di navbera \u015eam \u00fb Qah\u00eeray\u00ea de ji Peymana S\u00eenay\u00ea ya \u00eelona 1975an vir ve, ku Serok\u00ea Misr\u00ea Enwer Sedat bi \u00eesra\u00eeliyan re \u00eemze kir, were veqetandin.<\/p>\n

B\u00ea guman, Wez\u00eer\u00ea Derve y\u00ea Amer\u00eekay\u00ea dizan\u00eeb\u00fb ku tevgera \u015eam\u00ea ber bi \u00e7areseriyek Lubnan\u00ee ve d\u00ea bi filist\u00eeniyan \u00fb \u00e7epgir\u00ean lubnan\u00ee re pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea \u00e7\u00eabike \u00fb herwiha d\u00ea \u015eam\u00ea bi Moskoy\u00ea re, ku pi\u015ftgir\u00eeya Erefat \u00fb Cumblat dikir, ji bil\u00ee nakokiya w\u00ea ya bi Bexda \u00fb Qah\u00eeray\u00ea re, bixe pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Li vir, Kissinger dib\u00eaje: \u201cLi Lubnan\u00ea, El-Esed bi nebaweriya xwe ya li hember \u00e7areseriy\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala \u00e7epgir\u00ean rad\u00eekal ve dihatin xwestin, li gor\u00ee berjewendiy\u00ean me b\u00fb\u201d (2). \u015eam, ligel Washington, Tileb\u00eeb \u00fb Riyad\u00ea, nexwest ku Lubnan ji aliy\u00ea \u00e7epgirek\u00ee wek\u00ee Cumblat ve were kontrolkirin, di heman dem\u00ea de Yaser Erefat d\u00ea bibe hukumdar\u00ea rast\u00ee y\u00ea Welat\u00ea Sedir\u00ea. Hafiz El-Esed b\u00ea guman f\u00eam kir ku t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna xiristiyan\u00ean lubnan\u00ee, heke \u015eam mudaxele neke da ku p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee l\u00ea bigire, d\u00ea bibe sedema mudaxeleyeke le\u015fker\u00ee ya yekal\u00ee ya \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea da ku p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee l\u00ea bigire. Ev ne ti\u015ft\u00ea ku Kissinger dixwest b\u00fb \u00fb dibe ku armanca w\u00ee ya sereke ew b\u00fb ku bala \u015eam\u00ea bi Lubnan\u00ea biki\u015f\u00eene da ku r\u00ea li ber gav\u00ean Washington\u00ea y\u00ean bi misriyan re ber bi \u00e7areseriy\u00ean yekal\u00ee y\u00ean bi \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea re bigire:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7iqas El-Esed bi Sovyetan re di nav nakokiy\u00ea de be \u00fb bi Lubnan\u00ea re mij\u00fbl be, rew\u015fa w\u00ee ewqas aloztir dibe \u00fb dijberiya w\u00ee ya li hember \u00een\u00eesiyat\u00eefa me ya p\u00ea\u015fniyazkir\u00ee pir k\u00eamtir dibe.\u201d(3)<\/p>\n

Di hez\u00eerana 1976an de, h\u00eaz\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi filist\u00een\u00ee \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean \u00e7epgir \u00ean lubnan\u00ee re ketin pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean bi Moskoy\u00ea re pa\u015f\u00ea xirab b\u00fbn, di heman dem\u00ea de parastina amer\u00eekay\u00ee ji bo heb\u00fbna le\u015fker\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea li Lubnan\u00ea hat peydakirin. Ev yek destp\u00eaka rola her\u00eam\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan da, ku ji Lubnan\u00ea dest p\u00ea dike, ji bo cara yekem ji serxweb\u00fbna S\u00fbriyay\u00ea di 1946an de.<\/p>\n

T\u00eagiha\u015ftina amer\u00eekay\u00ee-s\u00fbriyay\u00ee li ser Lubnan\u00ea bi pi\u015ftgiriya Washington\u00ea ji bo dagirkirina \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea di 1982yan de giha\u015ftib\u00fb kr\u00eezek\u00ea. T\u00eakiliy\u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee-s\u00fbriyay\u00ee heta 1990\u00ee, pi\u015ft\u00ee dagirkirina Kuweyt\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea Iraq\u00ea ve, venegeriyan t\u00eagiha\u015ftineke m\u00eena ya 1976an. Be\u015fdarb\u00fbna \u015eam\u00ea di hevpeymaniya navnetewey\u00ee-ereb\u00ee ya li dij Iraq\u00ea de p\u00ea\u015fgotinek b\u00fb ji bo d\u00fbrxistina Serokwez\u00eer\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee Michel Ewn ji Qesra Beibeday\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea h\u00eaz\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ve di 13\u00ea cotmeha 1990\u00ee de \u00fb destp\u00eaka p\u00eakan\u00eena Peymana Taif\u00ea bi r\u00eaya r\u00eaveberiya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ya Lubnan\u00ea di bin parastina Amer\u00eeka-Si\u00fbdiy\u00ea de. Ev yek heta 2y\u00ea \u00eelona 2004an, bi derxistina biryara 1559an a Konseya Ewlekariy\u00ea ya Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee, berdewam kir. Ev yek bi nakokiya \u015eam\u00ea bi Serokwez\u00eer\u00ea Lubnan\u00ea Ref\u00eeq Her\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb bi paytexta Si\u00fbd\u00ee re hevdem b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eagiha\u015ftina sala 1990\u00ee ji bo \u015eam\u00ea deriyek b\u00fb ku rej\u00eema xwe – ku bi Yek\u00eetiya Sovyet\u00ea re t\u00eakiliy\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00eek heb\u00fbn, ku di \u015eer\u00ea Sar de ji h\u00eala amer\u00eekayiyan ve t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fbb\u00fb – biguh\u00eaz\u00eene pergalek navnetewey\u00ee ku ji h\u00eala c\u00eehanek yekqat\u00ee ya amer\u00eekay\u00ee ve serdest b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Bi r\u00eaya \u201cDaxuyaniya \u015eam\u00ea\u201d ya adara 1991\u00ea, ku Misir, S\u00fbriya \u00fb \u015fe\u015f dewlet\u00ean Meclisa Hevkariya Kendav\u00ea di nav xwe de digirt, \u015eam\u00ea hewl da, digel Qah\u00eeray\u00ea, rolek le\u015fker\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ee li Kendav\u00ea wek\u00ee berd\u00eala be\u015fdarb\u00fbna di \u015fer\u00ea 1991\u00ea de li dij Iraq\u00ea bigire ser xwe. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ew bi redkirina amer\u00eekay\u00ee re r\u00fbbir\u00fb ma, ku r\u00ea li ber Erebistana Si\u00fbd\u00ee \u00fb welat\u00ean Kendav\u00ea girt ku di bin s\u00eewanek ereb\u00ee de li dervey\u00ee ya amer\u00eekay\u00ee parastin\u00ea bigerin (4).<\/p>\n

\u00c7awa ku Iraq di sala 1990\u00ee de pirek b\u00fb ji bo vegerandina t\u00eagiha\u015ftina amer\u00eekay\u00ee-s\u00fbriyay\u00ee, ev t\u00eagiha\u015ftin di sala 2003yan de bi redkirina \u015eam\u00ea ya dagirkirina Iraq\u00ea ya amer\u00eekay\u00ee hate \u015fkandin. Di rew\u015fa yekem de, \u015eam\u00ea berd\u00eala t\u00eagiha\u015ftina xwe ya bi Washington\u00ea re li Beyr\u00fbt\u00ea xwest. Di ya duyem\u00een de, Washington\u00ea bi daw\u00eekirina heb\u00fbna xwe ya le\u015fker\u00ee li Lubnan\u00ea di sala 2005an de, ne\u00e7ar kir ku s\u00fbriyay\u00ee bedela w\u00ea bidin.<\/p>\n

Pev\u00e7\u00fbna amer\u00eekay\u00ee-s\u00fbriyay\u00ee bi serdana Wez\u00eer\u00ea Derve y\u00ea Amer\u00eekay\u00ea Colin Powell bo \u015eam\u00ea (2y\u00ea gulana 2003yan), s\u00ea hefte pi\u015ft\u00ee ketina Bexday\u00ea, dest p\u00ea kir. S\u00ea daxwaz\u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee heb\u00fbn ku bi Iraq, Lubnan \u00fb Filist\u00een\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fbn (5):<\/p>\n

Ber bi lihevhatina s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ve bi\u00e7in, ne astengkirina helwesta amer\u00eekay\u00ee li Iraq\u00ea, rawestandina day\u00eena \u00e7ekan ji Hizbulah\u00ea re \u00fb qutkirina t\u00eakiliya \u015eam\u00ea bi tevger\u00ean Hamas \u00fb C\u00eehad\u00ea re li Filist\u00een\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Meriv dikare bib\u00eaje ku 2y\u00ea gulana 2003yan destp\u00eaka kr\u00eeza rola her\u00eam\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea b\u00fb, m\u00eena 1\u00ea hez\u00eerana 1976an. Di her du rew\u015fan de j\u00ee, aliy\u00ea din Amer\u00eeka b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, di sala 2005an de, Juliette War, R\u00eavebera T\u00eakiliy\u00ean Gi\u015ft\u00ee ya Balyozxaneya Amer\u00eekay\u00ea li Beyr\u00fbt\u00ea, ev daxuyan\u00ee da:<\/p>\n

\u201cDewlet\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee y\u00ean Amer\u00eekay\u00ea ne li guhartina rej\u00eem\u00ea li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, l\u00ea li guhertina tevger\u00ean xwe digere\u201d (ku wan tevgeran li s\u00ea cihan bi r\u00eaz\u00ea ve destn\u00ee\u015fan dike: Iraq, Filist\u00een, di war\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean bi Hamas \u00fb C\u00eehada\u00ea re \u00fb Lubnan)(6).<\/p>\n

D\u00fbv re, pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea 2006an, t\u00eakiliya rojavay\u00ee bi \u015eam\u00ea re di bihara 2007an de bi r\u00eaya Par\u00ees\u00ea dest p\u00ea kir. Amer\u00eeka pi\u015ft\u00ee b\u00fbyer\u00ean 7\u00ea gulana 2008an, dema ku Hizbulah\u00ea Beyr\u00fbt dagir kir, ket nav \u015fer. Washington bi awayek\u00ee \u00e7alak be\u015fdar\u00ee Konferansa Dewhay\u00ea ya li ser Lubnan\u00ea b\u00fb, ku pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean nerasterast \u00ean \u00cesra\u00eel-S\u00fbriyay\u00ea li Stenbol\u00ea hatin kirin.<\/p>\n

Li Washington\u00ea, bi destp\u00eakirina dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea re li Tirkiyay\u00ea, guman heb\u00fbn ku s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ti\u015ftek\u00ee ji bil\u00ee r\u00eakeftinek\u00ea bi \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea re dixwazin. Ev di ronahiya xwendina amer\u00eekay\u00ee ya ezm\u00fbna dan\u00fbstandinan ji Konferansa Medr\u00eed\u00ea (cotmeha 1991\u00ea) vir ve b\u00fb, ku n\u00ee\u015fan dida ku rej\u00eema S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ji vegerandina t\u00eakiliyan bi Washington\u00ea re ti\u015ftek\u00ee din naxwaze, b\u00eay\u00ee ku bi Tileb\u00eeb\u00ea re lihevkirinek\u00ea bike. Bi \u00ear\u00ee\u015fa li ser avahiyek ewlehiy\u00ea li \u015eam\u00ea di \u00celona 2008an de ji h\u00eala c\u00eehad\u00eest\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee r\u00eaxistina Fetih El-\u00ceslam ve, ku bi L\u00eeway\u00ean Ebdulah Ezam ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, ku bi El-Qa\u00eedey\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, 800 c\u00eehad\u00eest hatin girtin \u00fb dergeha S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ya ku Be\u015far El-Esed ji bo \u00eeslam\u00eestan vekirib\u00fb da ku bi\u00e7in Iraq\u00ea da ku li dij amer\u00eekayiyan \u015fer bikin, ji dema ku di sala 2003yan de bi wan re nakok\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb, hate girtin.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ftre, Dadgeha Navdewlet\u00ee ya Taybet a Lubnan\u00ea (STL) ji bo ku\u015ftina Ref\u00eeq El-Her\u00eer\u00ee dest bi s\u00fbcdarkirina Hizbullah\u00ea kir \u00fb li \u015f\u00fbna tohmeta ku ber\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea l\u00eapirs\u00eener Detlev Mehlis ve li dij rej\u00eema S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ji sala 2005an vir ve hatib\u00fb kirin, hate dan\u00een.<\/p>\n

Bi guhartina rew\u015fa \u015eam\u00ea bi r\u00eaya Peymana Dewhay\u00ea (gulan 2008), t\u00eakiliy\u00ean s\u00fbriyay\u00ee-si\u00fbd\u00ee d\u00eesa germ b\u00fbn. Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbn pi\u015ftre bi serdana Qiral Ebdulah bin Ebdulez\u00eez bo \u015eam\u00ea (cotmeh 2009) z\u00eade b\u00fb, ku bi avakirina hik\u00fbmeta Seed Her\u00eer\u00ee (mijdar) z\u00fb veguher\u00ee Lubnan\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di hilbijartin\u00ean parlementoya Iraq\u00ea de (adara 2010an), hevpeymaniyek s\u00fbriyay\u00ee-si\u00fbd\u00ee-tirkiyay\u00ee derket hol\u00ea, ku pi\u015ftgir\u00ee da l\u00eesteya iraq\u00ee ya bi serokatiya Iyad Elaw\u00ee, di heman dem\u00ea de Tehran\u00ea pi\u015ftgir\u00ee da l\u00eesteya Dewleta Qan\u00fbn\u00ea ya bi serokatiya N\u00fbr\u00ee El-Malik\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Di qonaxa pi\u015ft\u00ee veki\u015f\u00eena le\u015fker\u00ee ya pi\u015ft\u00ee Amer\u00eekay\u00ea de, ku ji bo dawiya sala 2011an hatib\u00fb plankirin, \u00eeht\u00eemal e ku Elaw\u00ee hesp\u00ea beh\u00ees\u00ea y\u00ea amer\u00eekay\u00ee b\u00fb ji bo Iraqek d\u00fbr\u00ee Tehran\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di dawiy\u00ea de, pi\u015ft\u00ee du sal \u00fb n\u00eevan ji ki\u015fandina S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ji h\u00eala Amer\u00eeka \u00fb hevalbend\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean Washington\u00ea, wek Erebistana Si\u00fbd\u00ee \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea, da ku xwe ji kampa Tehran-Hizbulah-Hemas\u00ea d\u00fbr bixe, \u015eam\u00ea biryar da ku hevalbendiya xwe bi \u00ceran\u00ea re qut neke.<\/p>\n

Bexda, ku di sala 2003yan de \u00e7avkaniya nakokiya di navbera Washington \u00fb Tehran\u00ea de b\u00fb, ev cih hilbijart da ku bi pi\u015ftgiriya namzediya N\u00fbr\u00ee El-Malik\u00ee ji bo serokwez\u00eeriy\u00ea di 25\u00ea mijdara 2010an de hevalbendiya xwe ya berdewam bi \u00eeraniyan re ragih\u00eene.<\/p>\n

\u015eam, bi devj\u00eaberdana pi\u015ftgiriya xwe ya hevbe\u015f bi Riyad, Enqera \u00fb Washington\u00ea re ji bo Iyad Elaw\u00ee, ku di he\u015ft meh\u00ean beriya hilbijartin\u00ean parleman\u00ee y\u00ean Iraq\u00ea de derket hol\u00ea, ku t\u00ea de l\u00eesteya iraq\u00ee di war\u00ea kursiyan de di r\u00eaza yekem de b\u00fb, bi v\u00ea hilbijartin\u00ea xwe bi Riyad \u00fb Enqeray\u00ea re xist nav nakokiyan, ku her du j\u00ee bi berfirehb\u00fbna \u00ceran\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ea ve mij\u00fbl b\u00fbn, ku di 9\u00ea n\u00eesana 2003yan de li Bexday\u00ea dest p\u00ea kir. Bi vegerandina Elaw\u00ee wek serokwez\u00eer, wan xwest ku bandora \u00ceran\u00ea li Welat\u00ea El-Raf\u00eedeyn\u00ea k\u00eam bikin.<\/p>\n

V\u00ea hilbijartina S\u00fbriyay\u00ea her wiha ji Washington\u00ea re n\u00ee\u015fan da ku paytexta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ne amade ye ku xwe ji n\u00fb ve bi cih bike.<\/p>\n

D\u00fbv re, di 12\u00ea \u00e7ileya 2011an de, dema ku wez\u00eer\u00ean Hizbulah, Tevgera Emel \u00fb Tevgera Welatpar\u00eaz\u00ean Azad di dema civ\u00eena Seed Her\u00eer\u00ee bi Obama re li Qesra Sp\u00ee \u00eestifa xwe ji hik\u00fbmeta Lubnan\u00ea ragihandin, hilwe\u015fandina hik\u00fbmeta Her\u00eer\u00ee, bi pi\u015ftgiriya Tehran \u00fb \u015eam\u00ea, peyamek duyem\u00een \u00fb bih\u00eaztir a d\u00fbrketina ji Enqera, Riyad, Par\u00ees \u00fb Washington\u00ea b\u00fb ji ya Bexdad\u00ee. Ev tevgera \u00eeran\u00ee-s\u00fbriyay\u00ee li Beyr\u00fbt\u00ea du roj ber\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena yekem hukumdar\u00ea ereb wek\u00ee encama p\u00eala ku j\u00ea re \u201cBihara Ereban\u201d dihat gotin, \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb.<\/p>\n

\n

Hilwe\u015fandina Serok Z\u00een El-Abid\u00een Bin El\u00ee ji ber aloziy\u00ean navxwey\u00ee li Tunis\u00ea, be\u015fa yekem a aloziy\u00ean li Misir, L\u00eebya \u00fb Yemen\u00ea b\u00fb. Pi\u015ftre, \u00e7ir\u00fbska aloziy\u00ea di 18\u00ea adara 2011an de giha\u015ft S\u00fbriyay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

\n

T\u00eab\u00een\u00ee: Made bi ereb\u00ee hatiye niv\u00ees\u00een \u00fb bo kurmanciy\u00ea hatiye wergerandin, j\u00eader\u00ean w\u00ea j\u00ee bi ereb\u00ee ne, ji ber w\u00ea em \u00ea j\u00eaderan bi ereb\u00ee bih\u00ealin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00ee\u015fe: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(1)Henry Kissinger:\u201dYears of Renewal\u201d,a Touchstone BOOK,PUBLISHED BY Simone $Schuster,Newyork,2000,p.1026.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0631: \u201c\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u201d.<\/p>\n

(2),p.1027.\u201dibid\u201d( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642)<\/p>\n

(3)\u201dibid\u201d,p.1050.( \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639)<\/p>\n

(4) \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 \u0635 229-230.<\/p>\n

(5) \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u201d\u060c 4 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2003.<\/p>\n

(6) \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u201d\u060c 14 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2005.<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Gelek kes ji e\u015fkerekirin\u00ean Miles Copeland, efser\u00ea \u00eest\u00eexbarata Rojhilata Nav\u00een a CIAy\u00ea, ku di bin nav\u00ea ata\u015feyek\u00ee \u00e7and\u00ee de li balyozxaneya Amer\u00eekay\u00ea ya li \u015eam\u00ea erkdar b\u00fb, pir matmay\u00ee man. Di pirt\u00fbka xwe ya bi nav\u00ea \u201cThe Game of Nations\u201d (l\u00eestika neteweyan) \u00a0(ku di sala 1970y\u00ee de, salek pi\u015ft\u00ee […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,22],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-2665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lekolin","category-manshet"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00eakiliy\u00ean Amer\u00eeka-S\u00fbriyay\u00ea (1946\u20132011) - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-70\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00eakiliy\u00ean Amer\u00eeka-S\u00fbriyay\u00ea (1946\u20132011) - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Gelek kes ji e\u015fkerekirin\u00ean Miles Copeland, efser\u00ea \u00eest\u00eexbarata Rojhilata Nav\u00een a CIAy\u00ea, ku di bin nav\u00ea ata\u015feyek\u00ee \u00e7and\u00ee de li balyozxaneya Amer\u00eekay\u00ea ya li \u015eam\u00ea erkdar b\u00fb, pir matmay\u00ee man. 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