{"id":2586,"date":"2025-06-12T09:59:31","date_gmt":"2025-06-12T09:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=2586"},"modified":"2025-06-12T09:59:31","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T09:59:31","slug":"1-53","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-53\/","title":{"rendered":"Firat \u00fb Ciz\u00eer\u00ea \u00a0\u00fb sembola efsanewey\u00ee \u00fb \u015fer di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de"},"content":{"rendered":"

Made bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Di \u00e7\u00eeroka niv\u00eeskar\u00ea uruguay\u00ee Eduardo Galeano ya bi sernav\u00ea \u201c\u00c7em\u00ea jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea\u201d dib\u00eaje: \u201c\u015eervan\u00ean feyleqa roman\u00ee, li qeraxa \u00e7em disekin\u00een. Qet \u00e7em derbas nedikirin, ji ber ku \u00e7i kes\u00ea \u00c7em\u00ea jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea derbas dikirin \u00fb digiha\u015ftin aliy\u00ea din, xwe ji b\u00eer dikir ew k\u00ee ye \u00fb ji kur dihat\u201d ( Galeano, Pirt\u00fbka Hemb\u00eazan). \u00a0Ev efsane, tev\u00ee kevnariya w\u00ea j\u00ee, xwed\u00ee \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke sembol\u00eek e ji bo f\u00eamkirina aliy\u00ean ji d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean b\u00eeran\u00een-jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea, \u015fer-\u00e7areser\u00ee, mirin-jiyan di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

Dibe ku \u00e7\u00eerok behsa – \u00fb ev \u015f\u00eerovekirineke n\u00fb ye –\u00a0 an j\u00ee ezm\u00fbnek hevpar li ser \u00e7aren\u00fbsa kes\u00ean ku ji \u00e7em vedixwin an j\u00ee hewl didin ku ji \u00e7em derbas bibin, kurt bike. Ten\u00ea hizira vexwarina ji \u00e7em, bila derbasb\u00fbna aliy\u00ea din j\u00ee nebe, ditirs\u00eene. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, ew astengiyek yekane ava dike ku b\u00eer \u00fb jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea, heb\u00fbn \u00fb tuneb\u00fbn\u00ea, xwe \u00fb y\u00ean din ji hev vediqet\u00eene. L\u00ea ti\u015ft\u00ea ku \u00e7em t\u00eene ne ten\u00ea jib\u00eerkirin e, l\u00ea rizgarb\u00fbn ji bar\u00ea b\u00eer\u00ea ye, ku \u201cme diyar dike\u201d \u00fb bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee \u201cdijmin\u00ean me nas dike\u201d, bi away\u00ea ku Carl Schmitt wateya siyaset\u00ea p\u00eanase kiriye. Ma jib\u00eerkirin li vir ne soza derew\u00een, xeyal\u00ee, an j\u00ee xeyal\u00ee ya a\u015ftiy\u00ea ye j\u00ee, a\u015ft\u00eeyek ku ten\u00ea bi berdana nasnameya xwe ji bo y\u00ea din dikare were bidestxistin?<\/p>\n

Du c\u00eehan\u00ean cuda <\/strong><\/p>\n

Yekem ti\u015ft\u00ea t\u00ea b\u00eera mirov dema ev \u00e7\u00eerok t\u00ea xwendin, \u00e7\u00eeroka \u00e7em\u00ea Firat\u00ea \u00fb her\u00eama Ciz\u00eer\u00ea ye \u00fb n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean sembol\u00eek \u00a0ku gir\u00eaday\u00ee v\u00ea \u00e7\u00eerok\u00ea an j\u00ee efsaney\u00ea ne. Herwiha, \u201cXeta Firat\u00ea\u201d yekem xet\u00ean par\u00e7ekirin\u00ea di nex\u015feya \u015fer\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de b\u00fb. Li herdu aliy\u00ean w\u00ea, \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean cuda diyarker \u00fb h\u00eaz \u00fb reakisyon\u00ean cuda, \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn. Di heman dem\u00ea de, bend\u00ean kontrol\u00ea \u00fb serweriy\u00ean cuda \u00fb al\u00ean cuda \u00fb hevalbendiy\u00ean cuda j\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn. Hin caran j\u00ee, h\u00eaz\u00ean gelek dewletan \u201cR\u00fbsya, Amer\u00eeka, Tirkiya \u00fb hwd\u201d rast\u00ee hev dihatin, li k\u00ealeka w\u00ea j\u00ee al\u00ean xwecih\u00ee li heman cih\u00ee peyda dib\u00fbn, bi hinek k\u00ea\u015fe \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb gelek guman \u00fb fikaran. Bi dem\u00ea re, \u00ead\u00ee herdu xet\u00ean Firat\u00ea b\u00fbne du c\u00eehan\u00ean cuda, b\u00ea g\u00fbman \u00a0du asoy\u00ean cuda. Ev bi ziman\u00ea b\u00eadaw\u00eetiy\u00ea ku – bi e\u015fkere an nepen\u00ee – v\u00ea rojhilata xwe\u015fik bi r\u00ea ve dibe, t\u00ea n\u00fbkirin, pi\u015ftrastkirin \u00fb belk\u00ee j\u00ee berdewam dike (li Tabloya 1 bin\u00eare).<\/p>\n

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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0Sembol<\/td>\nDi efsaney\u00ean y\u00fbnan\u00ee de<\/td>\nDi \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Erk<\/td>\n\u00a0Cudakirina zindiyan ji miriyan, jib\u00eerkirina nasnamey\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee derbasb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/td>\nPa\u015fguhkirina aliyan ji aliy\u00ea navend\u00ea ve, jib\u00eerkirina nasnameya \u00e7and\u00ee bi dar\u00ea zor\u00ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Encam<\/td>\nRizgarkirina ji bar\u00ea b\u00eeran\u00een<\/td>\n\u00c7ewisandina pirrengiy\u00ea, lawazb\u00fbna daxwaz\u00ean nasnamey\u00ea, xurtkirina serweriya navend\u00ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015e\u00eerovekirina siyas\u00ee<\/td>\n—–<\/td>\n\u00a0R\u00eabazek ji bo \u00eenkarkirina rastiy\u00ea, rewakirina pa\u015fguhkirina abor\u00ee \u00fb ewlekar\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ean pirreng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

Tablo (1): Sembol\u00eezma \u00c7em\u00ea Jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea di efsane \u00fb \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de<\/p>\n

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M\u00eatingeriya navxwey\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Balk\u00ea\u015f e ku desthilatdariy\u00ean li pey\u00ee hev li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, ji dema avakirina dewleta n\u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee dawiya \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem, bi heman away\u00ee bi her\u00eama Cez\u00eer\u00ea re mij\u00fbl b\u00fbne, m\u00eena ku ew koloniyek be. Ew hem derfetek \u00fb hem j\u00ee gefek tems\u00eel dike: Derfetek, ji ber ku ew \u00e7avkaniyek sereke ya \u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb kir\u00ea ye (\u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb destkeftiy\u00ean abor\u00ee). \u00db gefek e, ji ber ku ew mijara meyl\u00ean nasnameya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb yek\u00eetiy\u00ea, r\u00eaveberiya xweser, an j\u00ee xwestek\u00ean ji bo parvekirina dadperwer \u00fb hevseng a \u00e7avkaniyan, siyaset \u00fb desthilatdariy\u00ea ye. Her\u00eama Cez\u00eer\u00ea statuyek taybet\u00ee girtiye, n\u00eaz\u00ee entegrasyon\u00ea ye b\u00eahtir ji tevl\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea. Di war\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ea de ew jib\u00eerkir\u00ee xuya dike, l\u00ea di war\u00ea kir\u00ea \u00fb b\u00ea guman ewlehiy\u00ea de heye.<\/p>\n

Di vir de, cudab\u00fbna Lacan\u00ee derdikeve hol\u00ea (Jacques Lacan, ramanwer \u00fb anal\u00eezkar\u00ea pis\u00eekoloj\u00ee y\u00ea fransiz); Ciz\u00eer\u00ea bi rast\u00ee nehatiye jib\u00eerkirin. Ew wek\u00ee, xaleke re\u015f di nex\u015feya heb\u00fbn\u00ea ya \u201cnavend\u00ea\u201d di d\u00eerok\u00ea de, t\u00ea bib\u00eeran\u00een, herwiha \u201cxaleke neb\u00fbn\u00ea\u201d ya ku div\u00ea berhem\u00ean w\u00ea b\u00ean mijandin ne ku bi temam\u00ee tev\u00ee bibe. Gelo ev ne jib\u00eerkirina abor\u00ee ye ku mezintir\u00een ast\u00ean bib\u00eerxistina siyas\u00ee ya dijminah\u00ee ye?\u00a0 Di rastiy\u00ea de, ev yek di d\u00eetina aktor\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb hizir\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de, ji destp\u00eaka sedsala 20\u00ee ve, t\u00ea d\u00eetin.<\/p>\n

Navend talan \u00fb serwer e \u00fb al\u00ee j\u00ee hatiye talankirin \u00fb serwer\u00ee li ser w\u00ea b\u00fbye. Ev yek ji dema serdema Osmaniyan ve f\u00eam dike, ku w\u00eelayeta Heleb\u00ea b\u00fb \u00fb w\u00eelayet\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee w\u00ea niha b\u00fbne w\u00eelayet\u00ean li Iraq \u00fb Tirkiya \u00fb be\u015f\u00ean w\u00ea b\u00fbne muteserifiy\u00ean serbixwe (Muteserifiya D\u00eara Zor\u00ea). Ev belavkirina \u00eedar\u00ee, pi\u015ftre zem\u00eena gir\u00eakb\u00fbna nasnameyan \u00fb ni\u015ftimznperwer\u00ee \u00e7\u00eakir. Herwiha, her\u00eam \u00e7avkaniya dexl \u00fb sewaldariy\u00ea b\u00fb \u00fb xwed\u00ee cihek\u00ee gir\u00eeng li ser r\u00eaya Hevri\u015fm \u00fb gir\u00eengiyeke bazirgan\u00ee di navbera Bakur\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00fb Iraq \u00fb Anadolyay\u00ea de b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee avakirina dewletan li her\u00eama Rojhilata Nav\u00een pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem \u00fb r\u00fbxandina Osmaniyan, zihniyeta kolonayl\u00ee di reng\u00ea xwe y\u00ea her\u00ee kevn de vegeriya: Guhartina demograf\u00eek, serjim\u00eariya nif\u00fbs\u00ea, perwerde \u00fb xizmetguzar\u00ee. Ev j\u00ee siyaset j\u00ee bandor kir ku ji bo ku \u00e7i daxwaz\u00ean xwer\u00eavebirin\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ea lawaz bike \u00fb heta radeyek\u00ea ku ew di nirxandin\u00ean siyaset, r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean nirx\u00ean ku welat bi r\u00ea ve dibin de w\u00ea ji bo desteserkirina perifer\u00eek \u00fb marj\u00eenal hesas dike.<\/p>\n

Kurd, suryan, a\u015f\u00fbr, ermen \u00fb hwd, behsa giraniya siyaset\u00ean dewlet\u00ea dikin ku heta asteke mezin ew pa\u015fguh kirin \u00fb ew d\u00fbr xistin \u00fb dev ji wan berdan, di encam\u00ea de ko\u00e7beriye mezin a v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea ji bo derve \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb. Bi awayek\u00ee gi\u015ft\u00ee j\u00ee her\u00eam b\u00fb nim\u00fbneyeke \u00eenkarkirin\u00ea: Erd\u00eengariyeke dewlemend \u00fb nif\u00fbseke k\u00eam. Bi rast\u00ee, mirov\u00ean di nav w\u00ea de, ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea, xwed\u00ee armanc\u00ean heb\u00fbn\u00ee an nasnamey\u00ee ne ku ji bo \u201cnavenda dewlet\u00ea\u201d \u00fb hejmarek aktor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb navnetewey\u00ee y\u00ean ku h\u00eaz \u00fb heb\u00fbna wan li welat z\u00eade dibe, gef\u00ea dixwin.<\/p>\n

Rew\u015fa taybet a her\u00eama Ciz\u00eer\u00ea di d\u00eerok\u00ea de bi \u00e7av\u00ea dewleta navend\u00ee, hi\u015ft ku dewlet van gavan p\u00eak b\u00eene:<\/p>\n

\n

    \n
  • \u201cVekirina der\u00eeyan\u201d ji bo \u015f\u00eawazek be\u015fdarb\u00fbn \u00fb belavkirina \u00e7avkaniyan, l\u00ea d\u00eesa, heta w\u00ea radey\u00ea ku ew her meyla xwe-hi\u015fyar\u00ee an neraz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea dihew\u00eene, ji h\u00eala \u00eedeolojiyek yekgirt\u00ee \u00fb entegre, saziy\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea \u00fb tor\u00ean tevlihev \u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb ajanan ve t\u00ea xurt kirin.<\/li>\n
  • \u201cGirtina deriyan\u201d li p\u00ea\u015fiya hemwelatb\u00fbna hevbe\u015f \u00fb be\u015fdarb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb dispil\u00eenkirina reakisyon\u00ean di navbera p\u00eakhatey\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee, ol\u00ee, qebil\u00ee \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7ewisandina vegotin\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb part\u00ee, an j\u00ee lawazkirin \u00fb belavkirina wan (li Tabloya 2 bin\u00eare).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    P\u00eevan<\/td>\nNavenda Dewlet\u00ea (\u015eam)<\/td>\nDerdor (her\u00eama Cez\u00eer\u00ea)<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Pol\u00eet\u00eeka<\/td>\nDesthilatdariya navend\u00ee, \u00eedeolojiya yekgirt\u00ee<\/td>\npa\u015fguhkirina p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ea, d\u00fbrxistina siyas\u00ee, kontrola ewlehiy\u00ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u00c7avkan\u00ee<\/td>\nK\u00eamkirina \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean derdor\u00ee (petrol, gaz, \u00e7andin\u00ee)<\/td>\nb\u00eaparkirina ji dahat\u00ean \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, marj\u00eenal\u00eezekirina abor\u00ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nasname<\/td>\nNasnameyeke yekane \u00fb ferzkir\u00ee<\/td>\nC\u00fbrbec\u00fbr\u00eeya etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ee (kurd, ereb, suryan\u00ee, a\u015f\u00fbr\u00ee, hwd.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Dan\u00fbstandina bi daxwazan<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n

    		Tawanbarkirin\u00ean \u201ccudakariy\u00ea\u201d an \u201cgir\u00eaday\u00eeb\u00fbna biyan\u00ee\u201d<\/td>\nDaxwaz\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean ji bo xweser\u00ee an federal\u00eezm\u00ea, bi zor\u00ea an marj\u00eenal\u00eezekirin\u00ea hatine tepeserkirin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \n

    Tablo (2): Berawirdkirina di navbera \u201cnavend\u201d \u00fb \u201cderdor\u00ea\u201d \u00ean li S\u00fbriyey\u00ea de<\/p>\n

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    T\u00eagiha\u015ftin\u00ean ney\u00een\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Gelek kes ji xwezaya her\u00eam\u00ea b\u00eaxeber in, tev\u00ee aktor\u00ean serdest bi xwe. L\u00eabel\u00ea, gelek kes w\u00ea wek\u00ee \u201ccudakar\u201d bi nav dikin \u00fb v\u00ea pirsgir\u00eak\u00ea bi taybet\u00ee bi kurdan ve gir\u00ea didin, ji ber ku ew p\u00eakhateya her\u00ee d\u00eenam\u00eek, xwe-hi\u015fmend \u00fb xwe-diyarkir\u00ee ne li wir \u00fb y\u00ean her\u00ee bi hewes ji bo avakirina nasname \u00fb heb\u00fbn\u00ea ne. Ev v\u00eezyon aliyek ji d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea y\u00ean berfirehtir \u00fb dijwar\u00eey\u00ean lihevhatin\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan didin. Ev hi\u015fmend\u00ee, d\u00eenam\u00eezm \u00fb xwestek\u00ean p\u00eakhatey\u00ean din k\u00eam nake. Paradoksa li vir ev e ku navend tohmet \u00fb t\u00eagiha\u015ftin\u00ean gef\u00ea bi b\u00eer t\u00eene, l\u00ea sedem\u00ean objekt\u00eef, \u015fert \u00fb merc \u00fb metirsiy\u00ean subjekt\u00eef (\u00fb y\u00ean din) \u00ean li her\u00eam\u00ea ji b\u00eer dike. L\u00ea gelo navend bi rast\u00ee ji b\u00eer dike, an ten\u00ea xwe dike ku ji b\u00eer dike? Ev jib\u00eerkirina qa\u015fo ne t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna b\u00eeran\u00een\u00ea ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea kiryarek jib\u00eerkirina bi zor\u00ea ye. Ew p\u00eavajoyek bi tevah\u00ee \u00eedeoloj\u00eek e ku \u201cbib\u00eer t\u00eene\u201d Cez\u00eer\u00ea wek\u00ee gefek heb\u00fbn\u00ee ku tepeserkirin\u00ea hewce dike, ne wek\u00ee hevkar. Ew jib\u00eerkirinek p\u00eaw\u00eest e ji bo parastina mantiqa navend\u00ea, ku xwe disp\u00eare \u00eenkarkirina rastiy\u00ea.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Li vir \u00e7end sedem\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean t\u00eagiha\u015ftin\u00ean ney\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea hene:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Her\u00eam xwed\u00ee spektrumeke civak\u00ee \u00fb etn\u00eek\u00ee ya nisbeten fireh e: Ol, mezheb, etn\u00ees\u00eete \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ean c\u00fbda (ereb, kurd, suryan\u00ee, tirkmen \u00fb \u00e7erkez, bi r\u00eajey\u00ean c\u00fbda. Wek\u00ee din, di nav her kom\u00ea de cih\u00earengiya ol\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee heye, di nav de misilman\u00ean sun\u00ee \u00fb \u015f\u00ee\u00ee, elew\u00ee \u00fb xiristiyan\u00ean ku gir\u00eaday\u00ee d\u00ear\u00ean c\u00fbda ne).<\/li>\n
    • \u00c7avkaniy\u00ean w\u00ea pir in, bi taybet\u00ee petrol \u00fb gaz, wek\u00ee zeviy\u00ean sereke y\u00ean wek\u00ee Rim\u00ealan (bakur\u00ea rojhilat\u00ea Hesek\u00ea, ku ber\u00ee 2011an bi qas\u00ee 100,000 berm\u00eel di roj\u00ea de hildiberand), Suw\u00eaydiy\u00ea (ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Rim\u00ealan\u00ea, ku rojane 60,000 berm\u00eel hildiberand), \u00fb El-Cebsa \u00fb herwiha zeviy\u00ean din \u00ean wek\u00ee El-Ward \u00fb El-Omer, zeviy\u00ean gaz\u00ea \u00fb berhem\u00ean \u00e7andiniy\u00ea (genim, pemb\u00fb \u00fb ceh). (T\u00eab\u00een\u00ee: Dane texm\u00een\u00ee ne, heta w\u00ea ast\u00ea ku ew wateya sereke ya niv\u00ees\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan didin, t\u00eane p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin, ne ji bo anal\u00eez an belgekirina abor\u00ee ne. Xwendevan dikare rast\u00ee gelek texm\u00een\u00ean c\u00fbda were.)<\/li>\n
    • Her\u00eam ji sal\u00ean 1930an \u00fb vir ve di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya dewletek federal an nenavend\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de li \u201cxwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea\u201d digere. Ev yek pi\u015ftrast dike ku ev daxwaz ne berhema kr\u00eeza hey\u00ee ne. Ger \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee, di nav faktor\u00ean din de, Fransa ne\u00e7ar nekira ku ji S\u00fbriyay\u00ea veki\u015fe, proje di mesafeya rast\u00een de b\u00fb. \u015eert \u00fb merc\u00ean navxwey\u00ee j\u00ee meyla astengkirina w\u00ea heb\u00fbn\u00ea (nasnameyek serbixwe an \u015f\u00eaweyek xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea) ku kurd, ereb, as\u00fbr\u00ee \u00fb y\u00ean din ji bo w\u00ea dixebitin, kirin. Ev faktor in ku di tevahiya d\u00eeroka w\u00ea de bi berdewam\u00ee bandor li her\u00eam\u00ea kirine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Dema ku \u00e7avkan\u00ee, cih\u00earengiya etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee, \u00fb zind\u00eetiya civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee bi hev re dibin, ev yek moment\u00fbmek civak\u00ee ya mezin diafir\u00eene ku dibe ku hevsengiya wate \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ea li wel\u00eat (\u00fb her\u00eam\u00ea) biguhez\u00eene. V\u00ea yek\u00ea pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean navendan \u00ean li hember her\u00eam\u00ea, \u00e7i di serdema osman\u00ee de, \u00e7i di serdema mandat\u00ea de, \u00e7i j\u00ee di dewleta pi\u015ft\u00ee mandat\u00ea de li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, bi r\u00ea ve biriye. Wiha xuya b\u00fb ku navend bi v\u00ea pirs\u00ea mij\u00fbl b\u00fb: \u00c7awa dikare gefa ku ji her\u00eama Cez\u00eer\u00ea \u00e7\u00eadibe were kontrolkirin? \u00db b\u00ea guman, ev yek bi berdewam\u00ee t\u00ea destn\u00ee\u015fan kirin, \u00e7awa dikare \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea b\u00eay\u00ee ku bi awayek\u00ee hevseng werin belavkirin an veqetandin, werin veki\u015fandin? Ev her\u00eam bi dehsalan e ku ji bo xerc\u00ean hik\u00fbmet\u00ea di r\u00eaza yekem a k\u00eam de ye.<\/p>\n

      Jin\u00fbvehilberandin<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Niha, hema hema heman v\u00eezyon \u00fb t\u00eagiha\u015ftin t\u00eane jin\u00fbvehilberandin, bi heb\u00fbna h\u00eaman\u00ean \u201cdervey\u00ee\u201d – hem n\u00eaz\u00eek \u00fb hem j\u00ee dibe ku d\u00fbr – ku heb\u00fbna statuyek taybet\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ea red dikin. Ev h\u00eaman her ti\u015ft\u00ee dikin ku her\u00eam\u00ea bixin rew\u015fek tehd\u00eeda domdar, ewleh\u00ee \u00fb aramiy\u00ea b\u00ea\u00eest\u00eeqrar bikin, \u015fer\u00ean tevlihev, hem mad\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee sembol\u00eek, bidin destp\u00eakirin \u00fb her ti\u015ft\u00ee bikin da ku \u015fans\u00ean jiyanek ewle \u00fb aram teng bikin. Gelek kes li her\u00eam\u00ea v\u00ea n\u00ear\u00een\u00ea diyar dikin ku \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean jiyan\u00ea \u00e7\u00eatir in, l\u00ea fikar\u00ean li ser p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea hene. Ev ti\u015ft\u00ea ku ji her\u00eam\u00ea t\u00ea xwestin e, da ku w\u00ea di nav \u201cnavend\u00ea\u201d de, ku bi xwe \u201cderdorek\u201d ya \u201cnavendek\u201d an \u201cnavend\u00ean\u201d li her\u00eam\u00ea \u00fb c\u00eehan\u00ea ye, were dan\u00een.<\/p>\n

      Z\u00eadetir zext \u00fb tohmet\u00ean cudaxwaz\u00ee \u200b\u200b\u00fb gir\u00eadan\u00ean dervey\u00ee hene \u00fb her\u00eam ji ber hem\u00ee encam\u00ean t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean abor\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee y\u00ean li navend\u00ea, nemaze pi\u015ft\u00ee 2011-an, berpirsiyar t\u00ea d\u00eetin. Ev cureyek berdewamiya pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean ku bi dehsalan hatine \u015fopandin e, ku ji h\u00eala rej\u00eem\u00ean serdest \u00ean c\u00fbda ve hatine veguhastin.<\/p>\n

      D\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean b\u00eeran\u00een-jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

      D\u00eenam\u00eeka b\u00eeran\u00een-jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea kiryarek siyas\u00ee ye \u00fb yek ji d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean her\u00ee gir\u00eeng \u00ean t\u00eakiliy\u00ea di navbera \u201cnavend\u00ea\u201d li \u015eam\u00ea \u00fb \u201cderdor\u00ean\u201d li her\u00eama Cez\u00eer\u00ea de ye. Wek\u00ee ku ber\u00ea hate gotin, navend \u201cji b\u00eer dike\u201d ku her\u00eam her\u00eamek \u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb gefan e \u00fb faktor\u00ean ku w\u00ea ber bi daxwaza nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn, be\u015fdarb\u00fbn \u00fb belavkirinek hevseng a \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean mad\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ee ve dibin \u201cji b\u00eer dike\u201d. L\u00ea jib\u00eerkirin ji v\u00ea w\u00eadetir di\u00e7e. Navend bawer dike ku jib\u00eerkirin, ku di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de xwe di terikandin, pa\u015fguhkirin \u00fb hewldana j\u00eabirina nasname \u00fb b\u00eera \u00e7and\u00ee de n\u00ee\u015fan dide, dibe ku mirovan ber bi jib\u00eerkirina nasnamey\u00ean xwe ve bibe \u00fb wan bi l\u00eager\u00eena hewcedariy\u00ean her\u00ee k\u00eam ji bo heb\u00fbn \u00fb debara jiyan\u00ea mij\u00fbl bike. Li vir, navend dikeve nav xefika xwe ya s\u00een\u00eek: Ew hewl dide ku jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea wek\u00ee am\u00fbrek kontrol\u00ea ferz bike, l\u00ea ew ji b\u00eer dike ku hewldana j\u00eabirina b\u00eeran\u00een\u00ea bi xwe kiryarek tund\u00fbt\u00fbj a b\u00eeran\u00een\u00ea ye ku nasnameya tepeserkir\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee rad\u00eekaltir ji n\u00fb ve hilber\u00eene. Navend her ku hewl dide ku v\u00ea nasnamey\u00ea ve\u015f\u00eare, ew qas tov\u00ea serhildana xwe di k\u00fbrahiya ax\u00ea de vedi\u015f\u00eare.<\/p>\n

      Nim\u00fbneyek alternat\u00eef<\/strong>?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Avakirin an vegerandina b\u00eera kolekt\u00eef li ser asta netewey\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee ne kiryarek yekane ye \u00fb ne j\u00ee dikare ten\u00ea li dora yek etn\u00ees\u00eete, neteweyek, ol an mezhebek were navend kirin. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew her kes\u00ee eleqedar dike \u00fb berpirsiyariya her kes\u00ee ye. Mifte ew e ku c\u00eehek were afirandin ku hem\u00ee p\u00eakhate bikaribin bi ewleh\u00ee bij\u00een. Mezintir\u00een dijwar\u00eeya ku welat p\u00ea re r\u00fbbir\u00fb ye ev e: Civakek s\u00fbriyay\u00ee \u00e7awa dikare li ser pirrengiya etn\u00eek\u00ee, ol\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee were avakirin? \u00db dewletek s\u00fbriyay\u00ee \u00e7awa dikare li ser pirreng\u00ee \u00fb nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea were avakirin?<\/p>\n

      B\u00ea guman bersiv\u00ean teor\u00eek \u00fb v\u00eezyon\u00ean h\u00eepotet\u00eek, carinan retor\u00eek\u00ee, hene. L\u00eabel\u00ea, h\u00een j\u00ee dijwar e ku meriv xet\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee y\u00ean lihevkirin\u00ea li ser bersivek\u00ea destn\u00ee\u015fan bike \u00fb d\u00fbv re ji retor\u00eek an v\u00eezyon\u00ea ber bi \u00e7alakiy\u00ea ve bi\u00e7e. Ten\u00ea axaftina pirreng\u00ee \u00fb nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina tehd\u00eed\u00ea di nav be\u015fek mezin a aktor\u00ean siyas\u00ee de derdixe hol\u00ea. Pir caran, gotara pirreng\u00ee \u00fb nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea bi watey\u00ean b\u00eawate \u00fb nakokbar barkir\u00ee ye, nemaze ji ber domandina dabe\u015fb\u00fbna civak\u00ee, al\u00eegiriya tund \u00fb tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee.<\/p>\n

      P\u00eanc \u00e7em<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Werin em ji xwendina Galeano ya \u00e7em bi xwe, an j\u00ee rasttir, ji xwendina me ya ber\u00ea ya \u00e7\u00eeroka Galeano ya li ser w\u00ea d\u00fbr bikevin. Me di \u00e7\u00eeroka or\u00eej\u00eenal a \u201c\u00c7em\u00ea Jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea\u201d de xwend, wek\u00ee di m\u00eetolojiya y\u00fbnan\u00ee \u00fb roman\u00ee de. \u00c7em yek ji p\u00eanc \u00e7em\u00ean pad\u00ee\u015fahiya Hades\u00ea li c\u00eehana bin\u00ea erd\u00ea ye. Ev \u00e7em s\u00eenor\u00ea di navbera welat\u00ea zindiyan \u00fb welat\u00ea miriyan de \u00e7\u00eadikin. Ew ev in: \u00c7em\u00ea nefret \u00fb sonda herhey\u00ee (Styx), xemg\u00een\u00ee \u00fb \u00ea\u015f\u00ea (Acheron), jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea (Lethe), ku bi mijara niv\u00ees\u00ea ve her\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eek ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye \u00fb agir\u00ea ge\u015f (Phlgethon), sembola \u00ea\u015f, \u015f\u00een \u00fb gir\u00een\u00ea (Cocytus). Her \u00e7end Lethe di m\u00eetos\u00ea de sembola jib\u00eerkirina xwezay\u00ee ya takekes\u00ee ye j\u00ee, jib\u00eerkirin di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de kiryarek s\u00eestemat\u00eek \u00fb zor\u00ea ye ku wek\u00ee am\u00fbrek siyas\u00ee ji bo tepeserkirina cih\u00earengiy\u00ea t\u00ea bi kar an\u00een. Ew celebek rev\u00een \u00fb d\u00fbrketina ji daxwaz\u00ean \u00e7areseriy\u00ea ye. Ew dibe ku rew\u015fek \u00eenkarkirina rastiy\u00ea, terikandina \u015fert\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea \u00fb dibe ku terikandina axek ku dibe sedema ser\u00ea\u015fiyek b\u00eaderman, an j\u00ee dibe ku ji w\u00ea b\u00eatir sembol\u00eeze bike.<\/p>\n

      \n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u00c7em<\/td>\nSembol\u00eezma resen<\/td>\nSepandina li ser S\u00fbriyay\u00ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Lethe (jib\u00eerkirin)<\/td>\nJib\u00eerkirina b\u00eeran\u00eenan<\/td>\nSiyaseta jib\u00eerkirina bi zor\u00ea ya nasnamey\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb \u00eenkarkirina cih\u00earengiy\u00ea.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Styx (nefret)<\/td>\nSond \u00fb dijminatiya herhey\u00ee<\/td>\nRetor\u00eeka mezheb\u00ee \u00fb nefreta di navbera derdor \u00fb navend\u00ea de z\u00eade dibe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Akron (\u00ea\u015f)<\/td>\nXemg\u00een\u00ee \u00fb azar<\/td>\nAzara ni\u015ftecih\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea ji pa\u015fguhkirin, ko\u00e7ber\u00ee \u00fb zilm\u00ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Philigethon (agir)<\/td>\n\u00ca\u015f \u00fb paqijkirin bi agir.<\/td>\n\u015eer \u00fb tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiya berdewam wek\u00ee am\u00fbrek kontrol\u00ea.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Cocytus (\u015f\u00een)<\/td>\nGir\u00eena li ser kavilan<\/td>\nW\u00earankirina binesaziy\u00ea \u00fb m\u00eerata \u00e7and\u00ee, veguherandina her\u00eam\u00ea bo qadeke pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea ya da\u00eem\u00ee.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \n

      Tablo (3): \u00c7em\u00ean C\u00eehana Binerd \u00fb sepandina wan a sembol\u00eek di \u015fer\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de<\/p>\n

      Di dawiy\u00ea de, aliy\u00ean sembol\u00eek \u00ean hem\u00fb \u00e7em\u00ean ku li jor hatine behskirin, ne ten\u00ea \u00c7em\u00ea Jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea, dikarin ji bo rew\u015fa Firat\u00ea wek\u00ee sembola v\u00ea Levanta berhemdar \u00fb bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee wek\u00ee sembola \u015fikestina di navbera rojhilat \u00fb rojavay\u00ea S\u00fbriya de derbas bibin. Ger \u015fikestin b\u00eay\u00ee \u00e7areseriyek berdewam bike, Firat dibe ku ne ten\u00ea bibe \u00e7emek jib\u00eerkirin \u00fb terikandin\u00ea (ku di dil\u00ea w\u00ea de b\u00eeran\u00eena ney\u00een\u00ee \u00fb dijminane ya her\u00eam\u00ea heye), l\u00ea bibe \u00e7emek nefret\u00ea \u201cStyx\u201d, xemg\u00een\u00ee \u00fb \u00ea\u015f\u00ea \u201cAkron\u201d, agir\u00ea ge\u015f \u00fb \u015fer \u201cPhlegeton\u201d, \u015f\u00een, nal\u00een \u00fb sekinandina li ser kavilan \u201cCocytus\u201d. Firat heta niha h\u00eajay\u00ee van taybetmend\u00ee \u00fb sembolan e, an j\u00ee di asoy\u00ea hema hema hem\u00fbyan de ye. Firat, di bingeh de, ne \u00e7emek yekane ye, l\u00ea \u00e7emek pir-qat\u00ee ye ku ji sembolek sade ya \u015fikestin\u00ea pir w\u00eadetir di\u00e7e. Ew c\u00eehek \u017di\u017eekian e (bi nav\u00ea ramanwer\u00ea Slovoj \u017di\u017eek hatiye binavkirin), ku jib\u00eerkirin di hewldanek b\u00eah\u00eav\u00ee de ji bo afirandina r\u00eak\u00fbp\u00eakiy\u00ea bi nefret\u00ea re hevd\u00eetin dike, di heman dem\u00ea de rast\u00ee li ser kaosa wateyan israr dike. Pirs ne ev e: Ma em \u00ea ji b\u00eer bikin? Bel\u00ea, em \u00e7i ji b\u00eer dikin ku bij\u00een \u00fb \u00e7i ji b\u00eer dikin ku \u015fer bikin? Pirsa rast ev e: Em \u00e7awa dikarin \u00c7em\u00ea Jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea veguher\u00eenin pirek ji bo t\u00eakil\u00ee \u00fb jiyana hevbe\u015f?<\/p>\n

      \u00c7avkan\u00ee:<\/p>\n

      \u2013 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0631\u060c (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

      \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2018).<\/p>\n

      \u2013 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0648\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c (\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2024).<\/p>\n

      \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Made bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Di \u00e7\u00eeroka niv\u00eeskar\u00ea uruguay\u00ee Eduardo Galeano ya bi sernav\u00ea \u201c\u00c7em\u00ea jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea\u201d dib\u00eaje: \u201c\u015eervan\u00ean feyleqa roman\u00ee, li qeraxa \u00e7em disekin\u00een. Qet \u00e7em derbas nedikirin, ji ber ku \u00e7i kes\u00ea \u00c7em\u00ea jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea derbas dikirin \u00fb digiha\u015ftin aliy\u00ea din, xwe ji b\u00eer dikir ew k\u00ee ye \u00fb ji kur dihat\u201d ( […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2587,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,22],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-2586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lekolin","category-manshet"],"yoast_head":"\nFirat \u00fb Ciz\u00eer\u00ea \u00a0\u00fb sembola efsanewey\u00ee \u00fb \u015fer di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-53\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Firat \u00fb Ciz\u00eer\u00ea \u00a0\u00fb sembola efsanewey\u00ee \u00fb \u015fer di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Made bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Di \u00e7\u00eeroka niv\u00eeskar\u00ea uruguay\u00ee Eduardo Galeano ya bi sernav\u00ea \u201c\u00c7em\u00ea jib\u00eerkirin\u00ea\u201d dib\u00eaje: \u201c\u015eervan\u00ean feyleqa roman\u00ee, li qeraxa \u00e7em disekin\u00een. 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