{"id":2503,"date":"2025-05-02T17:43:20","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T17:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=2503"},"modified":"2025-05-02T17:43:20","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T17:43:20","slug":"1-36","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-36\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fbriya di navbera du daxuyaniy\u00ean damezr\u00eener de: N\u00ear\u00eeneke n\u00fb ji bo dewleteke pirreng a demokrat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Made bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya du d\u00eerok\u00ean cuda de, ku di navbera wan de z\u00eadetir\u00ee 100 sal hene, du daxuyan\u00ee an j\u00ee du deklarasyon\u00ean siyas\u00ee derketin, ku daxwaz\u00ean gel\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ber bi serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb avakirian dewleteke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de rave dikir: A yek\u00ea \u201cRagihandina kongreya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ya gi\u015ft\u00ee\u201d (1920) \u00fb ya duyem \u201cDaxuyaniya konferansa yekr\u00eaziya kurd\u00ee\u201d (2025).<\/p>\n

Ev xwendina berawird\u00ee cudahiy\u00ean di \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee, civak\u00ee, siyas\u00ee \u00fb tems\u00eel\u00ee y\u00ean ku van her du daxuyan\u00ee an j\u00ee danezanan de \u00e7\u00eakirine \u00fb herwiha cudahiy\u00ean di d\u00eetin \u00fb n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean di v\u00ee war\u00ee de nas dike. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ew wan du hewildan\u00ean s\u00fbriyay\u00ee dihesib\u00eene ji bo r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna k\u00ea\u015fey\u00ean mezin \u00ean heb\u00fbn\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Herdu daxuyan\u00ee li ser nav\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00fb gel\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea diaxivin, l\u00ea daxuyaniya yekem bi awayek\u00ee be\u015f\u00ee bal ki\u015fand ser ereban z\u00eadetir di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya \u201cneteweya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea\u201d de, l\u00ea daxuyaniya duyem bal ki\u015fand ser kurdan di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya \u201cpirrengiya neteweyan\u201d de. Ragihandina destp\u00eak\u00ea sala 1920\u00ee de ji hizira \u201cneteweya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ya ereb\u00ee\u201d hate destp\u00eakirin, bi pi\u015ftrastkirineke li ser nasnameya ereb\u00ee wek\u00ee bingeha dewleta damezir\u00eener, tev\u00ee s\u00eestemek\u00ee monari\u015fiyeke ya dest\u00fbr\u00ee \u00fb nenavendiyeke r\u00eaveber\u00ee ya s\u00eenordar. L\u00ea daxuyaniya kurd\u00ee di sala 2025an de, S\u00fbriya wek\u00ee dewleteke pirnetewe p\u00eanase dike (ereb, kurd, suriyan, a\u015f\u00fbr\u00ee\u2026) \u00fb pirrengiya ol \u00fb mezheban\u00a0 \u00fb behsa damezrandina s\u00eestemek\u00ee federal ne navend\u00ee dike, ku yekitiya siyas\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ean kurdan di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya dewleta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de, garant\u00ee bike. Ev n\u00ear\u00een, hizira \u201cpirb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb k\u00eamneteweyan\u201d derbas dike \u00fb dibe metodeke ku it\u00eeraf\u00ea bi pirrengiy\u00ea di bingeha dest\u00fbr de, dike.<\/p>\n

Bingeha dest\u00fbr\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Danezana 1920\u00ee xwe dispart monar\u015fiyeke parlementer\u00ee bi hik\u00fbmeteke berpirsiyar li p\u00ea\u015fiya parlamentoy\u00ea, l\u00ea mekan\u00eezmey\u00ean bi date y\u00ean cudakirina desthildariyan an j\u00ee garantiya pirrengiya siyas\u00ee, dIyar nekirin. L\u00ea danezana kurd\u00ee ya sala 2025an, xwe disp\u00eare s\u00eestemek\u00ee r\u00eaveber\u00ee y\u00ea parlamentoy\u00ea bi du odey\u00ean qan\u00fbnsaz, herwiha pirrengiya siyas\u00ee \u00fb bikaran\u00eena a\u015fitiyane ya desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb cudakirina desthilatdariyan \u00fb garantiya heb\u00fbna n\u00fbnertiy\u00ean adil y\u00ean p\u00eakhateyan di saziy\u00ean qan\u00fbnsaz, dozger\u00ee \u00fb ewlekar\u00ee de. Herwiha dewlet\u00ea ne\u00e7ar dike ku garantiya \u201cr\u00eazik\u00ean di ser dest\u00fbr\u00ea re\u201d bike bo parastina maf\u00ean mirovan \u00fb hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbna wekhev.<\/p>\n

Maf\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb nenavendiy\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00ea danezana 1920\u00ee, ten\u00ea bi tekezkirina li ser \u201cmaf\u00ea k\u00eamneteweyan\u201d \u00fb \u201cr\u00eabaz\u00ea nenavendiya r\u00eaveber\u00ee\u201d s\u00eenordar man, b\u00ea ku datey\u00ean mekan\u00eezmeya parastin\u00ea an j\u00ee n\u00fbnertiy\u00ea, diyar bike. L\u00ea daxuyaniya kurdan a di sala 2025an de, datey\u00ean cara yekem p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kir wek\u00ee: Enc\u00fbmen\u00ean her\u00eaman di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya s\u00eestemek\u00ee nenavend\u00ee de, herwiha \u201cyekb\u00fbna her\u00eam\u00ean kurdan di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya yekitiyeke siyas\u00ee ya r\u00eaveber\u00ee ya temamkar de di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya S\u00fbriyayeke federal de\u201d. Di heman dem\u00ea de, veqetandina r\u00eajeyek\u00ea ji dahatey\u00ean dewlemendiy\u00ean xwecih\u00ee ji bo p\u00ea\u015fxistina her\u00eam\u00ean kurdan \u00fb sererastkirina dabe\u015fiy\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee y\u00ean zordar \u00fb naskirian ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee wek\u00ee zimanek\u00ee ferm\u00ee li k\u00ealeka ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee. Di heman dem\u00ea de, dana nasnameya bo kes\u00ean ku ji sala 1962yan de j\u00ea b\u00eapar mane \u00fb qedexekirina siyaset\u00ean ereb\u00eekirin\u00ea \u00fb avakirina saziy\u00ean perwerdeh\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee y\u00ean kurd\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Pirrengiya akt\u00eev<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya anal\u00eezkirina herdu danezan\u00ean bor\u00ee de, hin cudahiy\u00ean bingeh\u00een di d\u00eetina civak\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7awaniya dan\u00fbstandina bi pirrengiy\u00ea re, xuya dibe. Danezana kurd\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fketineke berbi\u00e7av di f\u00eamkirina tevl\u00eeheviy\u00ean pirrenigya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de heye, l\u00ea danezana 1920\u00ee de, nim\u00fbneyeke klas\u00eek a dewlet-netewe yegirt\u00ee rave dikir, di aliy\u00ea binesaziya civak\u00ee \u00fb nasnamey\u00ea de \u00fb pirrengiy\u00ea an j\u00ee pirrengiya civak\u00ee de. Li vir, danezana 1920\u00ee, li ser t\u00eagiha\u015ftina \u201cneteweya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ya ereb\u00ee\u201d wek\u00ee heb\u00fbneke homojen an n\u00eev-homojen, ku pirrengiya ent\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee ya navxwey\u00ee, pa\u015fguh kirib\u00fb. Tev\u00ee ku bal ki\u015fandib\u00fbn li ser \u201cmaf\u00ean k\u00eamneteweyan\u201d. Ev d\u00eetin di sosyolojiy\u00ea de \u201cmodela as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00eest\u201d n\u00ee\u015fan dide, ku t\u00ea xwestin ku nasnamey\u00ean \u015fax\u00ee di nav nasnameya ereb\u00ee ya serdest de belav bibi\u015fivin. Tev\u00ee ku behsa \u201cmaf\u00ean k\u00eamneteweyan\u201d t\u00ea kirin j\u00ee, tu mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean parastina \u00e7and\u00ean ne-ereb nehatin diyarkirin, ev j\u00ee metirsiya d\u00fbrxistina sembol\u00eek a kurd, suryan, as\u00fbr, ermen \u00fb y\u00ean din, z\u00eade dike.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea danezana kurd\u00ee ya 2025an modeleke \u00eenterakt\u00eef, piral\u00ee qeb\u00fbl dike ku gelek nasnameyan weke bingeha dewlet\u00ea qeb\u00fbl dike. Ew S\u00fbriyay\u00ea wek \u201cdewleteke pir-netewey\u00ee\u201d p\u00eanase dike, ku t\u00eagiha\u015ftina nasnamey\u00ean bi hev re di sosyolojiy\u00ea de, ku nasname b\u00eay\u00ee nakok\u00ee bi hev re dij\u00een, n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Ev nim\u00fbne nakokiya nasnameyan bi r\u00eaya naskirina dest\u00fbr\u00ee ya ziman \u00fb \u00e7andan k\u00eam dike, ku ev yek di civakeke etn\u00eek\u00ee ya par\u00e7eb\u00fby\u00ee ya m\u00eena S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de gir\u00eeng e.<\/p>\n

Der bar\u00ea bir\u00eavebirina pirrengiy\u00ea de, danezana 1920\u00ee pirrengiy\u00ea bi r\u00eaya \u201cnenavend\u00eekirina \u00eedar\u00ee ya s\u00eenorkir\u00ee\u201d b\u00eay\u00ee garant\u00eekirina maf\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ean neereb \u00e7are kir. Ev r\u00eabaz di\u015fibihe modela \u201ctoleransa pas\u00eef\u201d, ku t\u00ea de hin azad\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee ku h\u00eazek rast\u00een bidin koman t\u00eane day\u00een. Di sosyolojiy\u00ea de, ev r\u00eabaz ji bo avakirina baweriy\u00ea di navbera koman de ne bes t\u00ea hesibandin, nemaze ji ber d\u00eerokeke dir\u00eaj a pa\u015fguhkirin\u00ea. Daxuyaniya kurd\u00ee ya 2025an, bi r\u00eaya mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean berbi\u00e7av \u00ean wek\u00ee naskirina ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee wek\u00ee zimanek\u00ee ferm\u00ee, ku entegrasyon\u00ea b\u00eay\u00ee windakirina nasnamey\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f dixe, li \u015f\u00fbna d\u00fbrxistin\u00ea, \u201ch\u00eazdarkirina saz\u00fbman\u00ee\u201d qeb\u00fbl dike; vegerandina hemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ji bo kes\u00ean ku j\u00ea hatine b\u00eaparkirin wek\u00ee gavek ber bi sererastkirina neheqiya d\u00eerok\u00ee ve; \u00fb dabe\u015fkirina dahat\u00ean ji dewlemendiya her\u00eam\u00ee ji bo misogerkirina dabe\u015fkirineke adil a \u00e7avkaniyan. Ev pol\u00eet\u00eeka modela \u201cwekheviya er\u00ean\u00ee\u201d dihew\u00eenin ku newekheviy\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee nas dike \u00fb ji bo rastkirina wan dixebite, ku ji bo r\u00eaveberiya cih\u00earengiy\u00ea ya bi bandor gir\u00eeng e<\/p>\n

Neheq\u00ee \u00fb sedem\u00ean pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daxuyaniya 1920\u00ee gazind\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean p\u00eakhatey\u00ean ol\u00ee y\u00ean neereb \u00fb nemisilman an nesun\u00ee pa\u015fguh kir. Her \u00e7end niv\u00eeskar\u00ean deklarasyon\u00ea ji p\u00eakhatey\u00ean netewey\u00ee, ol\u00ee \u00fb erdn\u00eegar\u00ee y\u00ean curbecur b\u00fbn j\u00ee, bi gelemper\u00ee, ew ketin bin bandora p\u00eakhateya piraniy\u00ea. Ev p\u00ea\u015fgotinek b\u00fb ji bo \u201ccudakariya bingeh\u00een\u201d, wek\u00ee ku mirov dikare bib\u00eaje, ku S\u00fbriya heta roja \u00eero j\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Ji bo daxuyaniya kurdan, ew hewl dide ku kok\u00ean nakokiy\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee \u00e7are bike \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee serdest\u00fbr\u00ee, li ser civakek piral\u00ee \u00fb dewletek piral\u00ee disekine. Daxuyaniya kurdan li ser daxwaz\u00ean taybet\u00ee y\u00ean kurdan disekine, wek: betalkirina encam\u00ean guhertina demograf\u00eek wek\u00ee gavek ber bi vegerandina mafan ve; tezm\u00eenatkirina kes\u00ean ku ji ber pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean cudakar bandor b\u00fbne, wek\u00ee qurbaniy\u00ean \u201cKembera Ereb\u00ee\u201d; \u00fb qeb\u00fblkirina Newroz\u00ea wek\u00ee cejneke netewey\u00ee wek\u00ee sembola naskirina \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee. Ev ji bo sererastkirina t\u00eakiliy\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean zirardar bi naskirin \u00fb \u00e7arekirina neheqiyan p\u00eaw\u00eest e.<\/p>\n

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Yek\u00eet\u00eeya civak\u00ee \u00fb nasnameya netewey\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Danezana 1920\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee avakirina pir\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee di navbera p\u00eakhateyan de, bal ki\u015fand ser yek\u00eetiya erdn\u00eegar\u00ee. Ev dikare di rew\u015fa z\u00eadeb\u00fbna daxwaz\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb \u015fax\u00ee de bibe sedema par\u00e7eb\u00fbna civak\u00ee \u00fb d\u00ea nasnameya civak\u00ee ya taybet\u00ee ya dewlet \u00fb desthilatdariy\u00ea bih\u00eale \u00fb bi pev\u00e7\u00fbna yekem an nakokiya civak\u00ee ya etn\u00eek\u00ee re hilwe\u015fe. Danezana kurd\u00ee ya 2025an nim\u00fbneyek ji bo \u201chemwelat\u00eeb\u00fbna pirast\u00ee\u201d p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike, ku t\u00ea de kesek dikare di heman dem\u00ea de a\u00eed\u00ee nasnameyek her\u00eam\u00ee (kurd\u00ee\/ereb\u00ee) \u00fb nasnameyek netewey\u00ee (s\u00fbriyay\u00ee) be. Ev r\u00eabaz lihevhat\u00ee ye bi teoriy\u00ean \u201centegrasyon b\u00eay\u00ee as\u00eem\u00eelasyon\u00ea\u201d re, ku armanc dikin ku cih\u00earengiy\u00ea bipar\u00eazin di heman dem\u00ea de yek\u00eetiya netewey\u00ee misoger bikin. Daxuyan\u00ee bi banga j\u00ear\u00een pi\u015ftgir\u00ee dide nim\u00fbneya hevgirtina civak\u00ee:<\/p>\n