{"id":2374,"date":"2025-03-01T18:28:31","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T18:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=2374"},"modified":"2025-03-03T18:35:58","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T18:35:58","slug":"1-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-18\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea y\u00ea biguman li \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d (1920-1929)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Made bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nex\u015fey\u00ean Sykes-Picot (1915-1916) ku damezr\u00eenera projeya par\u00e7ekirina dewleta Osman\u00ee b\u00fb, rast\u00ee r\u00eave\u00e7\u00fby\u00een\u00ean dir\u00eaj hat. Di encam\u00ea de, guhartin t\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn, heta ku ev nex\u015fe ne wek\u00ee destp\u00eaka xwe b\u00fbn. Ji nava wan, her\u00eama \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d b\u00fb qada x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor ku aram\u00ee heta 10 salan dema ku Fransa kete S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, t\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eaneb\u00fb. Ji ber ku ev her\u00eam neket nava r\u00eagez\u00ean day\u00eem \u00ean projey\u00ean Fransay\u00ea ku hewl da ku di destp\u00eaka x\u00eazkirina nex\u015fey\u00ean Sykes-Picot de, hewl da ev her\u00eam ji tevahiya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea serbixwe be, ji ber heb\u00fbna demografiya kurdan.<\/p>\n

Fransiyan di destp\u00eaka serdema xwe ya rasp\u00eariy\u00ea de \u00fb ji bo ku v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea ji her\u00eam\u00ean din \u00ean Ciz\u00eer\u00eaa Firat\u00ea cudatir bike,\u00a0 nav\u00ea w\u00ea kirin \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d an j\u00ee ku wek\u00ee di niv\u00eesgeh\u00ean \u00eestixbarat\u00ea de (SR) wek\u00ee \u201cnikil\u00ea werdek\u00ea\u201d bi nav dikirin. Herwiha, di sala 1926an de j\u00ee, kom\u00eeser\u00ea frans\u00ee y\u00ea awarte Pierre Alep qan\u00fbnek ji bo r\u00eavebirina Ciz\u00eera Jor\u00een (koma 304) derxist \u00fb axa v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea li Hesek\u00ea \u00fb qezaya Xeyro(Qami\u015flo) diyar kir.<\/p>\n

Bi rawestandina bandor\u00ean Peymana S\u00eaver\u00ea 1920\u00ee, wek\u00ee encama guhartin\u00ean li ser qada le\u015fker\u00ee li Anadolyay\u00ea, xewn\u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean kurdan \u00fb ermenan bi hev re t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fbn. Di kongreya London a di 8\u00ea adara 1921\u00ea de, daxwaz\u00ean kurdan \u00fb ermenan hatin pa\u015fguhkirin. Herwiha, ji ber serkeftin\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean ku Mustefa Kemal li dij fransiyan bi Kilikyay\u00ea bi dest xistin, hi\u015ft ku Fransa metodek\u00ee nermtir li beramber\u00ee tirk\u00ean n\u00fb bi kar b\u00eene, lewra r\u00eazepeyman\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn, destp\u00eaka w\u00ea j\u00ee peymana Enqeray\u00ea ya sala 1921\u00ea ku bi peymana \u201cFranklin-Bouillon\u201d t\u00ea naskirin \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea j\u00ee peyman\u00ean din \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn, ku di encam\u00ea de n\u00ee\u015faneya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea hatin x\u00eazkirin, ku kurd b\u00eay\u00ee xwsteka xwe ketin t\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea de, em \u00ea hewl bidin rew\u015fa\u00a0 x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea di sal\u00ean 30\u00ee y\u00ean sedsala bor\u00ee de li her\u00eama \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d \u00fb p\u00eavajoya kurt a beriya x\u00eazkirin\u00ea, b\u00eenin ziman. Di heman dem\u00ea de, herwiha \u00e7awa tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna her\u00eam\u00ean kurd\u00ee y\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee bakur \u00fb ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea di nav p\u00eakhateya n\u00fb ya S\u00fbriy\u00ea de, s\u00eenor\u00ean nezelal hi\u015ft \u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean ku r\u00ea li ber proseya diyarkirina s\u00eenoran girtin \u00fb dema ku p\u00ea derbas b\u00fb, herwiha encam\u00ean rasterast \u00ean ku ji w\u00ea derketin, wek avakirina bajar\u00ean n\u00fb ji bo qereb\u00fbkirina bajar\/bazar\u00ean ku ni\u015ftecih\u00ean \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d pi\u015ft\u00ee p\u00eavajoya x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor, ji dest dane.<\/p>\n

Dema ku em berjewendiy\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea di hundir\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de \u015firove bikin, div\u00ea em ji n\u00fb ve pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean s\u00eenor li \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d \u015firove bikin, ku herdem guhartin t\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eadib\u00fbn \u00fb ji bo berjewendiy\u00ean Fransa \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea b\u00fbn, b\u00ea ku n\u00ear\u00een\u00ean ni\u015ftecih\u00ean w\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea t\u00ea de hebe. Armanca sereke ya v\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea ne niv\u00eesandina d\u00eerok\u00ea ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea hewldanek e ji bo balki\u015fandina li ser e\u015fkerekirina avakirina be\u015feke ku b\u00fbye be\u015fek ji S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00fb h\u00eena j\u00ee di bin \u00e7erxa armanc\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea de ye ku ji sala 2012an ve hatiye n\u00fbkirin ji bo vegerandina kontrola her\u00eama s\u00eenor\u00ee li Cez\u00eer\u00ea \u00fb dibe ku d\u00eerok li gor\u00ee n\u00ear\u00eena Ibn Xeld\u00fbn \u201cduberebar\u201d be, ku d\u00eerok b\u00fbyer\u00ean xwe dubare dike b\u00eay\u00ee ku encam\u00ean w\u00ea heman bin. Dibe ku xwendevan rast\u00ee daxwaz\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea y\u00ean wekhev di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de were ango beriya sedsal\u00ee \u00fb niha \u00fb daxwaza w\u00ea ya guhartina s\u00eenor \u00fb jin\u00fbved\u00eezaynkirina demografiya nif\u00fbs\u00ea \u00fb ti\u015ft\u00ean ku beriya z\u00eadetir\u00ee 10 salan di dema me ya niha de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbne. Herwiha mirov dikare, Fransaya w\u00ea dem\u00ea bi Amer\u00eeka an j\u00ee R\u00fbsyay\u00ea di cihan de\u00a0 bide guhartin, ji bo f\u00eamkirina armanca peyman\u00ean ku \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbne \u00fb li ser ni\u015ftecihan ferz b\u00fbne.\u00a0 Wek\u00ee peymana di navbera Washington, \u00fb Enqera \u00fb Mosko di pay\u00eeza 2019an de, ku di encama w\u00ea de Ser\u00ea Kaniy\u00ea hate dag\u00eerkirin. Dibe ku dubarekirina van b\u00fbyer\u00ean \u00ean demdir\u00eaj, n\u00ee\u015fan bide ku mijar bihaneya \u201cewlekariya netewey\u00ee\u201d derbas dike \u00fb dide n\u00ee\u015fandan ku daxwazeke Tirkiyay\u00ea ya mezin heye ku s\u00eenor biguher\u00eene \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean z\u00eadetir di bin \u00e7i s\u00eewan\u00ea de be, qezenc bike.<\/p>\n

Beriya x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor bi demeke kurt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di destp\u00eak\u00ea de, Fransa hewl da n\u00ear\u00een\u00ean xwe derbar\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ean kurdan li Ciz\u00eera Jor\u00een, p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f bike. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, di 6\u00ea tebaxa 1920\u00ee de, li gor\u00ee nameyeke ve\u015fart\u00ee ya serok\u00ea Fransay\u00ea Alexandre Milleran (1920-1924) ya bi ser nav\u00ea \u201cPlana r\u00eaxistinkirina rasp\u00eariya frans\u00ee di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de\u201d , Par\u00ees\u00ea plan dikir ku Kurdistan\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya projeyeke taybet de bih\u00eale \u00fb li gor\u00ee w\u00ea j\u00ee reng\u00ean ji serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea ku dibe ku bibin \u201cfederaliya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea\u201d di w\u00ea plan\u00ea de heb\u00fbn. Milleran \u201cWelat\u00ea kurdan \u00fb tirkan\u201d ji prosesa \u00e7\u00eakirina dewlet\u00ean bi\u00e7\u00fbk \u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea d\u00fbrxist, ku dib\u00eaje ax\u00ean kurdan \u201cRojhilat\u00ea Firat\u00ea tev\u00ee Urfa \u00fb M\u00eard\u00een..tu t\u00eakiliyeke netewey\u00ee bi S\u00fbriyay\u00ea re tuneye.. ji bo ku em r\u00eaveberiyeke le\u015fker\u00ee ya yekser\u00a0 \u00e7\u00eanekin, div\u00ea em hukim heta demek\u00ea radest\u00ee pa\u015fayek\u00ee tirk (li welat\u00ea tirkan) bikin, ku bi awayek\u00ee baldar\u00ee bi\u015fop\u00eene. Heman ti\u015ftk dibe ji bo welat\u00ea kurdan j\u00ee \u00e7\u00eabibe.\u201d<\/p>\n

Milleran p\u00ea\u015fniyaza xwe derbar\u00ea kes\u00ea ku dibe welat\u00ea kurdan bi r\u00ea ve bibe p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike \u00fb nav\u00ea w\u00ee \u201cMihemed Beg e\u201d, serok\u00ea qeb\u00eeleya Mil\u00ee (\u00ea rastir Mehm\u00fbd Beg kur\u00ea \u00cebrah\u00eem Pa\u015fa Mil\u00ee) li W\u00earan\u015far\u00ea. Pi\u015ftre, li ser d\u00eetina xwe ya siberoj\u00ea wiha \u015firove dike: \u201cDiv\u00ea x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor were guhartin, da ku qeb\u00eeleya Mil\u00ee dabe\u015f\u00ee du be\u015fan nebe.. Lihevkirineke bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee bi kurdan re \u00fb bicihkirina endam\u00ean Kildan\u00ee \u00fb a\u015f\u00fbr\u00ee di dir\u00eajahiya xeta tir\u00ean\u00ea di rojhilat\u00ea Firat\u00ea de, me dixe rew\u015feke siyas\u00ee ya nim\u00fbney\u00ee li bara Kurdistan\u00ea\u201d. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, ew banga \u201ctevl\u00eeb\u00fbna bi hi\u015fyar\u00ee li her\u00eama Rojhilat\u00ea Firat\u00ea dike\u201d bi rengek\u00ee ku dest\u00fbr ji Fransay\u00ea re were day\u00een v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea bi r\u00ea ve bibe, di heman dem\u00ea de j\u00ee, D\u00eelok\u00ea j\u00ee tevl\u00ee \u201cs\u00eestemek\u00ee serbixwe an j\u00ee tevl\u00ee yekitiy\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bikin. L\u00ea dib\u00eaje ku \u201cDi dema me ya niha de, div\u00ea cudakariyeke di navbera van her\u00eaman \u00fb S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de hebe\u201d (Koseran\u00ee 231-232). T\u00ea texm\u00eenkirin ku Fransa nex\u015feya Feysel\u00ee ya ji bo r\u00eavebirina S\u00fbriyay\u00ea di\u015fopand, ku her\u00eam\u00ean Bakur Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi tevah\u00ee ji bo hikumeta \u015eam\u00ea ne zelal b\u00fbn , pi\u015ft\u00ee ku \u015eer\u00eef His\u00ean nikar\u00eeb\u00fb McMahon di peyama ku bi nav\u00ea \u201cHussein-McMahon\u201d de, li ser p\u00eakaniya berfirehkirina desthilatdariya ereban li her\u00eam\u00ean K\u00eel\u00eekyay\u00ea raz\u00ee bike.<\/p>\n

Her\u00eama Ciz\u00eer\u00ea eger ku em D\u00eara Zor\u00ea j\u00ea veqet\u00eenin, ne di nava nex\u015fney\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea y\u00ean netewperest\u00ean ereb de b\u00fb, herwiha kongreya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ya gi\u015ft\u00ee ku di 7\u00ea hez\u00earana 1919an de p\u00eak hat, nex\u015feya xwe x\u00eaz kir ku li s\u00eenor\u00ea rojavay\u00ea \u00c7em\u00ea Firat\u00ea sekin\u00ee b\u00fb. Bi v\u00ea yek\u00ea re j\u00ee xwe spartin nex\u015fney\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea y\u00ean kevn ku daxwaza serxweb\u00fbna xwe bi v\u00ee away\u00ee dikirin. Di heman dem\u00ea de j\u00ee, kongrey\u00ea tu vexwendname ji tu kesayet\u00ean kurd ji her\u00eam\u00ean Ciz\u00eer\u00ea, Koban\u00ee \u00fb Kurdax\u00ea re r\u00eanekirin \u00fb ten\u00ea \u201ckesayet\u00ean kurd \u00ean ji dervay\u00ee erd\u00eengariya Kurdistana S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de di kongrey\u00ea de heb\u00fbn\u201d (M\u00eeran\u00ee 24). Balki\u015fandina li ser p\u00eavajoy\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea y\u00ean avakirina S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, be\u015fek\u00ee ji derengmay\u00eena tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna kurdan \u00fb cografiya wan di heb\u00fbna s\u00fbriyay\u00ee de, \u015firove dike.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Kes\u00ean ku be\u015fdar\u00ee kongreya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ya gi\u015ft\u00ee di sala 1919an de b\u00fbne<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bi her hal\u00ee, d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean aloz\u00ee \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea berovaj\u00ee daxwaza Milleran b\u00fb, ku ne wek\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fiy\u00ea xwe Clemenceau, ne real\u00eest b\u00fb. Serok\u00ea n\u00fb ku dest\u00fbr da general\u00ea xwe Gouru bi p\u00eakan\u00eena \u201ctedb\u00eer\u00ean p\u00eaw\u00eest ji bo parastina ewlekar\u00ee \u00fb parastina gel \u00fb dap\u00eenkirina parastina art\u00ea\u015fan\u201d, dihat gotin ku \u201calav\u00ean p\u00eaw\u00eest li gel w\u00ee hene da ku hurmeta maf\u00ean me ferz bike.\u201d (Bar, 117). Di heman dem\u00ea de j\u00ee, Gourue h\u00eaza w\u00ee t\u00ea r\u00ea nedikir ku s\u00eestemek\u00ea feriz bike, ji nava wan j\u00ee s\u00eenorek ji armanc\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea re \u00e7\u00eakira. Her wiha, day\u00eena s\u00eenorek\u00ee ji opoz\u00eesyona ereban re, p\u00eaw\u00eest dikir ku bi Mustefa Kemal re li hev bike \u00fb p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ee j\u00ee bi destekday\u00eena Bir\u00eetaniyay\u00ea heb\u00fb.<\/p>\n

W\u00ea bi s\u00fbd be, eger em bal\u00ea biki\u015f\u00eenin ku pirsi\u00eaka kurdan-tirkan di dema \u015fer\u00ea serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea de Mistefa Kemal ew bi r\u00ea ve dibir, h\u00eena neteqiya b\u00fb, tev\u00ee xet\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee y\u00ean peymana S\u00eaver\u00ea nehatin bicihan\u00een. Herwiha, Kemal bi xwe j\u00ee daxwaz dikir ku rew\u015fa li her\u00eam\u00ean kurdn di ber \u00e7avan re derbas bikin, ji ber ku w\u00ea dem\u00ea xwe wek\u00ee \u201cpar\u00eazvan\u00ea x\u00eelafet\u00ea did\u00eet, kurd j\u00ee ji ber x\u00eelafet\u00ea gir\u00eaday\u00ee dewleta Osman\u00ee b\u00fb, herwiha \u00e7\u00een\u00ean kurdan \u00ean berfireh j\u00ee ji daxwaz\u00ean ermenan bi tirs b\u00fbn.\u201d Di nava v\u00ea atmos\u00eara dijwar de, Mustefa Kemal ferman\u00ean xwe di hez\u00eerana 1920\u00ee de ji N\u00eehad Pa\u015fa An\u00eelemi\u015f re (fermandar\u00ea eniya Ciz\u00eer\u00ea li ser s\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea b\u00fb y\u00ea di bin parastina Fransay\u00ea de) \u015fandin \u00fb daxwaz j\u00ea kir ku \u201cher\u00eam\u00ean ku kurd t\u00ea de dij\u00een, h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee radest\u00ee hik\u00fbmeta xwecih\u00ee bike, ji ber ku ev yek li gor\u00ee berjewendiy\u00ean siyaset\u00ean me y\u00ean hundir\u00een \u00fb derve ye\u201d(Ataturk 220). Di pirat\u00eek\u00ea de j\u00ee, siyaseta Mustefa Kemal a di navbera sal\u00ean 1919an \u00fb 1923yan de, ne li dij kurdan b\u00fb bi awayek\u00ee kutaker, \u00a0Protokola Amasyay\u00ea \u00fb namey\u00ean w\u00ea ji axa \u00fb \u015f\u00eax\u00ean kurdan re \u00fb herwiha axaftin\u00ean serok\u00ea komar\u00ea, r\u00ea li ber avakirina xwer\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ean cuda y\u00ean kurdan vekir (Gorgas 25).<\/p>\n

L\u00ea p\u00eaferata s\u00eenor\u00ee li gor kemal\u00eestan, d\u00eekam\u00eek\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean cuda heb\u00fbn li bara heb\u00fbna k\u00eafrateke kurd\u00ee-tirk\u00ee ya neb\u00fbna w\u00ea, l\u00ea daxwaza Tirkiyay\u00ea ya kontrolkirina r\u00eaya M\u00fbsil\u00ea bi r\u00eaya \u201cCez\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d armanca daw\u00ee b\u00fb. Lewra, efser\u00ea tirk \u00cesma\u00eel Heq\u00ee Gundez roleke gir\u00eeng di dir\u00eajahiya salan de l\u00eest ji bo astengkirina dag\u00eerkeriya Fransay\u00ea ji tevahiya \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d ku di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de qeb\u00eeley\u00ean kurd \u00fb tirkan bi kar an\u00ee. Ev yek\u00ea j\u00ee desteserkirina frans\u00ee ji Hesek\u00ea heta gulana 1922yan dereng xist. Ango\u00a0 pi\u015ft\u00ee salek\u00ea ji x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriya-Tirkiayy\u00ea (Peymana Enqeray\u00ea). L\u00ea tev\u00ee prosesa diyarkirina s\u00eenor j\u00ee, Gunduz bac li ser hin kurd\u00ean Ciz\u00eera Jor\u00een, feriz dikirin. Ji w\u00ea z\u00eadetir j\u00ee, Fransa \u00cesma\u00eel Heq\u00ee tawanbar kir ku ew b\u00fb sedema b\u00fbyer\u00ean Beyand\u00fbr\u00ea y\u00ean sala 1923yan, ku \u015fer di navbera ni\u015ftecih\u00ean kurdan \u00fb desthilatdariya le\u015fker\u00ee ya Fransay\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb. Di encam\u00ea de, general Bugeau \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee baregeha Beyand\u00fbr\u00ea kir \u201cBaregeha \u00cesma\u00eel Heq\u00ee b\u00fb ku li destekday\u00eena qeb\u00eeley\u00ean kurdan li derdora Ciz\u00eera Jor\u00een digeriya.. Haco Axa j\u00ee kes\u00ea her\u00ee guncav b\u00fb ji bo bi destxistina destekday\u00eena fermandar\u00ea tirk \u00ea ku amade b\u00fb careke din bi serp\u00eahatiy\u00ean \u015fer rabe.\u201d ( Gorgas 57). L\u00ea bi her hal\u00ee, di navbera sal\u00ean 1922 \u00fb 1924an de, h\u00eaz\u00ean Fransay\u00ea rast\u00ee 381 operasyon\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee hatin\u00a0 \u00fb fermandar\u00ea art\u00ea\u015fa Fransay\u00ea li S\u00fbriyaya bakur general Biot hewl da ku bi e\u015f\u00eeran kurdan re li Ciz\u00eer\u00ea nekeve nava \u015fer (Baryot 157). Ji nava tedb\u00eer\u00ean Biot, raz\u00eekirina seroke\u015f\u00eer\u00ean kurdan bi r\u00eaya erkdarkirina berpirs\u00ean nav\u00e7eyan \u00fb daxwaza ax\u00ean xwe y\u00ean \u00e7andiniy\u00ea di nava Tirkiyay\u00ea de kirin \u00fb baldariya tendurist\u00ee li dever\u00ea \u00fb hin xwestek\u00ean din \u00ean ge\u015fep\u00eadan\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di rastiy\u00ea de, M\u00fbsil xala yekem tevger\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ee y\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea b\u00fb li her\u00eama \u201cnikil\u00ea werdek\u00ea\u201d, ji ber ku serkeftina Lloyd George, serokwez\u00eer\u00ea br\u00eetan\u00ee y\u00ea ku xewna tunekirina \u00cemparatoriya Osman\u00ee dikir, di derxistina M\u00fbsil\u00ea de ji dest\u00ean serok\u00ea Fransa Clemenceau pi\u015ft\u00ee ved\u00eetina petrol\u00ea li par\u00eazgeh\u00ea (Bar 77), tirsa qelew\u00ean tirkan li ser v\u00ea yek\u00ea xurt kir. Ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea, tirkan li her\u00eama s\u00eenor, \u00e7i bi siyaseta peyman\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ee y\u00ean bi Fransay\u00ea re, \u00e7i j\u00ee bi man\u00eepulekirina p\u00eakhatey\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb arandina e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean ereb \u00fb kurd li dij fransiyan bi xwe, hewldan\u00ean xwe z\u00eade kirin. Peymana Enqeray\u00ea z\u00ear\u00ea lihevhatinan b\u00fb ku Fransa ji bo rawestandina \u00eeht\u00eemala destp\u00eakirina eniyeke duyem\u00een a tirkan li rojhilat\u00ea Firat\u00ea, k\u00earhat\u00ee d\u00eet.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>S\u00eenor\u00ea gumankir\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di demek\u00ea de ku s\u00eenor\u00ea bakur \u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi g\u00fbman b\u00fbn \u00fb mijara genge\u015feya siyas\u00ee b\u00fb; diyar dibe ku di dema peyam\u00ean His\u00ean-McMahon de, \u015eer\u00eef His\u00ean diyar kir ku s\u00eenor\u00ea dewleteke ereb\u00ee div\u00ea ji M\u00ears\u00een \u00fb Edenay\u00ea heta xeta paralela 73an di aliy\u00ea bakur de dir\u00eaj bibe \u201cBi v\u00ea yek\u00ea re j\u00ee her\u00eama Iskenderon \u00fb Antakyay\u00ea bibin be\u015fek ji dewleta ereb\u00ee ya ku t\u00ea armanckirin\u201d. L\u00ea Henry McMahon di nameyeke taybet de israr kir ku \u201cNi\u015ftecih\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ean bor\u00ee ne hem\u00fb ereb in\u201d, l\u00ea \u015eer\u00eef israr kir ku ereb in. L\u00ea \u015eer\u00eef di dawiy\u00ea de raz\u00ee b\u00fb ku dev ji M\u00ears\u00een \u00fb Edenay\u00ea ten\u00ea berde (Xedor\u00ee 5). Li ser v\u00ee esas\u00ee j\u00ee, n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea nehatin diyarkirin, tev\u00ee \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean israr\u00ea an j\u00ee h\u00easanb\u00fbn\u00ea di wan nameyan de. H\u00eajay\u00ee gotin\u00ea ye ku qutb\u00fbna Iskenderon \u00fb Antakyay\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee 20 salan li ser wan nameyan re \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb \u00fb pi\u015ftrast kir ku tirkan dikar\u00eeb\u00fb nex\u015fey\u00ean xwe y\u00ean ba\u015f\u00fbr gelek caran biguherin.<\/p>\n

Li k\u00ealeka berjewendiy\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea, sedem\u00ean din hene ku ew j\u00ee encama lawaziya t\u00eagiha\u015ftina cografiya navdewlet\u00ee ye,<\/strong> ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, s\u00eenor ne gir\u00eeng b\u00fb, ji ber ku ya gir\u00eeng desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee b\u00fb, ne erdn\u00eegar\u00ee b\u00fb. Gir\u00eeng e ku \u00ee\u015faret were kirin ku w\u00eelayet\u00ean bakur \u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ne di\u00a0 bin desthilatdariyeke aram de b\u00fb. Hinek s\u00fbriyay\u00ee pi\u015ftre li dij Fransa di bin fermandariya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00fb ala Osman\u00ee\/tirk\u00ee \u015fer kir, wek\u00ee \u00cebrah\u00eem Henano \u00fb y\u00ean din. Herwiha, hinek s\u00fbriyayiy\u00ean din j\u00ee bi Mustefa Kemal re di \u201c\u015eer\u00ea Serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea\u201d de 1919-1923 \u015fer kir (Eq\u00eel 24). Di heman dem\u00ea de, Henano peymanek bi fermandar\u00ea art\u00ea\u015fa tirk li Mere\u015f\u00ea Selahed\u00een Adil re di 6\u00ea \u00eelona 1920\u00ee \u00eemze kir \u00fb li gor\u00ee w\u00ea peyman\u00ea \u201cS\u00eenor\u00ea di navbera S\u00fbriya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea de nay\u00ea diyarkirin, pi\u015ft\u00ee derxistina dijmin ji herdu axan \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee tam serxweb\u00fbna xwe bi dest bixin\u201d (Eq\u00eel 34). Ev peyman beriya salek\u00ea li ser diyarkirina s\u00eenor ji aliy\u00ea tirkan ve bi fransiyan re li Enqeray\u00ea, di v\u00ea peyman\u00ea de tirkan bi peymana xwe ya bi Henano re pabend\u00ee neb\u00fbn. Gelo mirov dikare behsa xapandina tirkan ji Henano \u00fb s\u00fbriyayiy\u00ean din \u00ean ku bi tirkan re \u015fer kirin, bike? L\u00ea xewna vegerandina x\u00eelafet\u00ea wek\u00ee madeyeke p\u00eavek di navbera s\u00fbriyay\u00ee \u00fb tirkan de beriya ragihandina komara Tirkiyay\u00ea? Dibe ku ev bihane hinek\u00ee lawaz be, ji ber ku t\u00eakil\u00ee di dema \u015fore\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ya mezin de (1925-1927) \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb. L\u00eabel\u00ea, berdewamiya p\u00eawendiy\u00ea dikare bi berjewendiya hevpar a derxistina fransiyan were ravekirin, ew j\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee ku s\u00eenor\u00ean bakur di berjewendiya Tirkiyay\u00ea de hatin dan\u00een \u00fb b\u00eay\u00ee vegerandina w\u00ea ji \u201chevalbend\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea\u201d re.<\/p>\n

Herwiha, astengiy\u00ean li p\u00ea\u015fiya x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor j\u00ee, li gor\u00ee Christian Velu, ew gir\u00eaday\u00ee bi xwestek \u00fb berjewendiy\u00ean Tirkiya \u00fb Iraq\u00ea ku herdem ax\u00ean din bixin bin serweriya xwe. Rew\u015fa bi guman li her\u00eama \u201cnikil\u00ea werdek\u00ea\u201d, ne be\u015fek ji S\u00fbriyay\u00ea b\u00fb, ew di aliy\u00ea erd\u00eengar\u00ee de d\u00fbr b\u00fb \u00fb abor\u00ee j\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee taybet ku d\u00fbr\u00ee navend\u00ean bajar\u00ean mezin \u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea b\u00fb (Gorgas 67). Ev yek j\u00ee di aliy\u00ea pirat\u00eek de li gor\u00ee n\u00ear\u00eena Millleran b\u00fb ku behsa her\u00eam\u00ean rojhilat\u00ea Firat\u00ea \u00fb Ciz\u00eer\u00ea kir, v\u00ea yek\u00ea ji bo tirk \u00fb fransiyan pa\u015f\u00ea zehmet\u00ee \u00e7\u00eakir ku bigih\u00eajin lihevkirineke t\u00earker \u00fb daw\u00ee li ser s\u00eenor\u00ean dabe\u015fker di \u201cCez\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d de ku em \u00ea bib\u00eenin, an bi gotineke din, hizira Fransa ya tevl\u00eekirina erdn\u00eegariya kurd\u00ee di nav S\u00fbriyeya rasp\u00ear\u00ee de, nehatib\u00fb xutkirin.<\/p>\n

Herdu peyman\u00ean Enqera \u00fb derengmay\u00eena diyarkirina s\u00eenor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di xala yekem a peymana Enqeray\u00ea de, \u015fer di navbera Fransa \u00fb kemal\u00eestan di 20\u00ea cotmeha 1921\u00ea de hate rawestandin, pi\u015ft\u00ee dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean ku di adara heman sal\u00ea de hate destp\u00eakirin. Fransa ne\u00e7ar ma ku derdora n\u00eev xen\u00eemet\u00ean xwe y\u00ean li Kurdistan\u00ea winda kir \u00fb b\u00fbne para Tirkiyaya n\u00fb. Ango, peymana Enqeray\u00ea (Peymana Franklin-Bouillon) di rastiy\u00ea de v\u00ea peyman\u00ea S\u00eaver bi daw\u00ee kir \u00fb r\u00eave\u00e7\u00fby\u00eena Sykes-Picot guhart, lewra be\u015f\u00ean ji her\u00eam\u00ean kurdan b\u00fbne gir\u00eaday\u00ee S\u00fbriyaya n\u00fb. Di v\u00ea peyman\u00ea de, Fransa dev ji 18000 k\u00eelometer \u00e7argo\u015fe ji axa ku li gor\u00ee S\u00eaver\u00ea ji bo S\u00fbriyay\u00ea hatib\u00fb veqetandin, winda kir\u00a0 \u00fb ev her\u00eam\u00ean ku winda kirine j\u00ee ev in: K\u00eel\u00eekya \u00fb her\u00eama rojhilat ku t\u00ea de D\u00eelok, Mere\u015f, Riha, Kil\u00ees, Amed, M\u00ear\u00een \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean jor\u00een ji Ciz\u00eera Botan\u00ea \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean Ciz\u00eer\u00ea, Cerablus, Koban\u00ee \u00fb Efr\u00een\u00ea ketin bin serweriya Fransay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Kopiyek ji Peymana Enqere ya 1921an ku t\u00eade r\u00fbpela yekem d\u00eeyar dibe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ev peyman ji bo kemal\u00eestan serkeftinek b\u00fb, l\u00ea derbeyeke mezin b\u00fb ji bo Bir\u00eetaniyay\u00ea ji ber ku dixwest kemal\u00eestan lawaz bike. Lewra, Bir\u00eetaniya bi d\u00eetineke stratej\u00eek li dij peymana Enqeray\u00ea derket, ji ber ku day\u00eena Nis\u00eab\u00een \u00fb Ciz\u00eera Botan ji Tirkiyay\u00ea re, w\u00ea her\u00eameke gir\u00eeng bikeve dest\u00ea kemal\u00eestan ku dikarin \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee Iraq\u00ea bikin (Bar\u00fbt 175), ev yek ji bil\u00ee ku v\u00ea peyman\u00ea heybeta Fransay\u00ea li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea lawaz kir (Xedor\u00ee 9).\u00a0 L\u00ea v\u00ea peyman\u00ea s\u00eenorek\u00ee daw\u00ee ji pirsgir\u00eaka s\u00eenor a navdewlet\u00ee re \u00e7\u00eanekir, lewra ev peyman p\u00eakan b\u00fb ku were binp\u00eakirin. Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve j\u00ee \u00e7etey\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee s\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dikirin, tev\u00ee peymana Enqeray\u00ea \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea di 11\u00ea cotmeha 1922yan de agirbesta Mudanyay\u00ea \u00fb peymana lihevkirina daw\u00ee bi hevalbendan re li gor\u00ee peymana Lozan\u00ea di 24\u00ea t\u00eermeha 1923yan de. Ev \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean \u00e7eteyan j\u00ee taybet di destp\u00eaka sala 1924an de z\u00eade b\u00fbn. Ji bo s\u00eenordarkirina v\u00ea tevl\u00eeheviya ewlekar\u00ee, kom\u00eeteya erkdarkirina s\u00eenor li gor\u00ee madeya 8an ji peymana Eqeray\u00ea ya yekem, hate avakirin.<\/p>\n

Di aliy\u00ea pirat\u00eek de, p\u00eavajoya diyarkirina s\u00eenor ji n\u00fb ve \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb, ev yek j\u00ee ji ber binp\u00eakirinan \u00fb herdu aliyan nikar\u00eeb\u00fb ku kontrol bikin. Di 30\u00ee gulana 1926an de, peymaneke n\u00fb bi nav\u00ea Peymana \u201cDe Jouvenel\u201d ku ew j\u00ee kom\u00eeser\u00ea bilind \u00ea Fransay\u00ea li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea b\u00fb, hate \u00eemzekirin. Fransa soz\u00ean xwe bi cih an\u00een, l\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea soz\u00ean xwe y\u00ean li ser esas\u00ea Peymana Enqeray\u00ea ya yekem p\u00eak nean\u00ee. Lewra careke din aloz\u00ee li ser Ciz\u00eer\u00ea \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb, bi r\u00eaya \u015firovekirina naveroka madeya 8an, ku x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor bi v\u00ee away\u00ee p\u00eak hat: S\u00eenor ji bajar\u00ea perav\u00ea Payas\u00ea dest p\u00ea dike \u00fb di aliy\u00ea rojhilat de dir\u00eaj dibe \u00fb di Kilis\u00ea re derbas dibe, heta stasyona \u00c7oban Beg \u00fb pi\u015ftre j\u00ee dewam dike heta Nis\u00eab\u00een\u00ea derbas dike \u00fb ji wir j\u00ee dewam dike \u201cr\u00eaya roman\u00ee ya kevn\u201d heta Ciz\u00eera Botan ku digih\u00eaje \u00c7em\u00ea Dicley\u00ea. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea peyman\u00ea, Nis\u00eab\u00een \u00fb Botan di Tirkiyay\u00ea de man, l\u00ea ji maf\u00ea herdu bajaran e ku v\u00ea r\u00eay\u00ea bikar b\u00eenin, l\u00ea pirsgir\u00eak derbar\u00ea r\u00eaya kevn de dest p\u00ea kir. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, diyarkirina s\u00eenor dereng ma, ji ber pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean di hundir\u00ea kom\u00eeteya tirk\u00ee-frans\u00ee de.<\/p>\n

Tirkiya daxwaza hin navend\u00ean li ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea xeta Franklin-Boynon, wek\u00ee xeta tir\u00ean\u00ea Payas, h\u00een gund\u00ean ereban \u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee bajar\u00ea Kilis\u00ea tirk\u00ee \u00fb h\u00een be\u015f\u00ean li ser s\u00eenor\u00ea rojhilat, kir. Li ser v\u00ee esas\u00ee j\u00ee, astengiy\u00ean xebat\u00ean kom\u00eetey\u00ea derket hol\u00ea. Her \u00e7iqas ku rew\u015fa Fransay\u00ea zehmet b\u00fb ku \u015fore\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea di navbera sal\u00ean 1925-1927an r\u00fb da, De Jouvenel d\u00eet ku \u00e7areserkirina v\u00ea doz\u00ea di reng\u00ea d\u00eeplomat\u00eek r\u00eabaz\u00ea her\u00ee guncav e. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, bi Wez\u00eer\u00ea Kar\u00ea Derve y\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea Tewf\u00eeq Ru\u015fd\u00ee Aras re di 18\u00ea sibat\u00ea de, peymanek \u00e7\u00eakir ku bi nav\u00ea w\u00ee hate naskirin, herwiha 5 protokol j\u00ee \u00eemze kirin. Ji nava wan, lihevkirin li ser van ti\u015ftan \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb: T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena li dij \u00e7etey\u00ean li her\u00eama s\u00eenor bi dir\u00eajahiya 50 k\u00eelometer li ser herdu aliy\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb kujeran li gor\u00ee protokol\u00ea bidin hev. Di heman dem\u00ea de, ji bo xwe ji par\u00ea madeya 8an xelas bikin, li gor\u00ee madeya 2yan di peymana n\u00fb de kom\u00eeteyek n\u00fb hate avakirin\u00a0 ku xebat\u00ean xwe di sala 1926an de dest p\u00ea kir \u00fb s\u00eenor diyar kirin, ji bil\u00ee Nis\u00eab\u00een \u00fb Ciz\u00eera Botan. Lewra, kom\u00eetey\u00ea li bermahiy\u00ean r\u00eaya roman\u00ee ya kevn digeriya ku ji dema t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna dewleta Ebas\u00ee ve hatib\u00fb pa\u015fguhkirin, ji ber w\u00ea meyla serok\u00ea kom\u00eetey\u00ea y\u00ea b\u00eala\u00ee bi ser n\u00ear\u00eena frans\u00ee de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb. Lewra, nakok\u00ee heta sala 1928an j\u00ee dewam kir, ji ber serhi\u015fkiya tikran \u00fb di w\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de, her wiha hin \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean kele\u015f\u00ean kurd li ser s\u00eenor\u00ea tirk\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn (Xid\u00fbr\u00ee 19). L\u00ea di sala 1929an de, l\u00ea di sala 1929an de meseleya s\u00eenor di derbar\u00ea her\u00eama \u201cCez\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d de hat \u00e7areserkirin \u00fb tirkan ji p\u00eancyekek bi dest xist, li h\u00eala din S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00e7ar p\u00eancyek bi dest xistin. Di sala 1930\u00ee de S\u00fbriya ew her\u00eama ku ji aliy\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ean tirk ve hatib\u00fb dag\u00eerkirin ku \u00eed\u00eea dikirin ku ya wan e, ji n\u00fb ve bi dest xist.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1929an de, guhartineke din \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb, bi vegera dan\u00fbstandinan pi\u015ft\u00ee hewldan\u00ean dubarekir\u00ee ku bayloz\u00ea tirk\u00ee li Par\u00ees\u00ea p\u00eak an\u00ee, ku wez\u00eer\u00ea kar\u00ea derve y\u00ea Fransay\u00ea ber bi xeteke s\u00eenor ya n\u00fb ve bibe ber z\u00eadetir bi ba\u015fur ve \u201cji bo ku derdora 80 gund\u00ee bigire nava xwe ku Enqera wek\u00ee baregeh\u00ean \u00e7eteyan li Tirkiyay\u00ea p\u00eanase dike\u201d (Gorgas 71).\u00a0 Dan\u00fbstandin li ser esas\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fniyaz\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb \u00fb di encam\u00ea de giha\u015ftin m\u00eesaqeke n\u00fb di hez\u00eerana 1929an de ku bi awayek\u00ee date xeta di navbera Nis\u00eab\u00een \u00fb Ciz\u00eera Botan\u00ea hatin diyarkirin. Li ser v\u00ee esas\u00ee j\u00ee, s\u00eenor ber bi ba\u015f\u00fbr ve \u00e7\u00fb ango di navbera 5 k\u00eelometran li Tilhesen\u00ea li devera e\u015f\u00eera Hev\u00earkan \u00fb 500 metrey\u00ee li devera Ciz\u00eera Botan\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di rastiy\u00ea de, Fransa 85 gund bi dest xistin ku ev gund ew gihand Dicley\u00ea, l\u00ea li beramber\u00ee w\u00ea j\u00ee dev ji 80 gund\u00ean kurdan ji bo Tirkiyay\u00ea berda. L\u00ea bel\u00ea li pa\u015f w\u00ea, s\u00fbd heb\u00fbn, s\u00fbd\u00ean ku Tirkiya li wan digeriya, weke destkeftiy\u00ean gir\u00eeng \u00ean bi dest\u00ea Buzanti, Kompaniya R\u00eay\u00ean Hesin\u00ee ya Heleb-Nis\u00eab\u00een\u00ea bi dest xistib\u00fbn (Gorgas 72).<\/p>\n

Di rastiy\u00ea de, derengmay\u00eena diyarkirina s\u00eenor li \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d derdora 6 salan dir\u00eaj kir, l\u00ea pi\u015ftre demeke din j\u00ee dir\u00eaj, ango heta 10 salan ji peyman \u00fb nakok\u00ee \u00fb binp\u00eakirinan. Di w\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de, tirkan bi tecrubey\u00ean xwe s\u00fbd ji ax\u00ea girtin. M\u00eenak, Fransa dev ji Nis\u00eab\u00een\u00ea berda, ku dereng t\u00ea giha\u015ft ku 2 k\u00eelometer ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea xeta tir\u00ean\u00ea ye \u00fb div\u00ea di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de be, l\u00ea ji ber metnda peymana Enqeray\u00ea dev j\u00ea berda \u00fb da Tirkiyay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Mijar ne ten\u00ea bi Nis\u00eab\u00een\u00ea s\u00eenordar b\u00fb. Pi\u015ft\u00ee windakirina M\u00fbsil\u00ea \u00fb \u015fore\u015fa \u015f\u00eax Se\u00eed\u00ea P\u00eeran a sala 1925an, daxwaza tirkan a serweriya Ii ser \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d z\u00eadetir zelal b\u00fb. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, windakirina w\u00eelayeta M\u00fbsil\u00ea ya piraniya ni\u015ftecih\u00ean w\u00ea kurd b\u00fbn, Tirkiya ket nava fikar\u00ea ku \u00eeht\u00eemal heye ax\u00ean kurdan \u00ean din j\u00ee winda bike. Herwiha, \u201cSerhildana \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed metirsiy\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea z\u00eadetir kirin ku texm\u00een dikir Bir\u00eetaniya hinek destekday\u00een da serhild\u00ear\u00ean kurd\u201d( Gorgas 70). Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, Kom\u00eeseriya Bilind a Fransay\u00ea d\u00eet ku rew\u015f \u00ead\u00ee li gor\u00ee berjewendiy\u00ean w\u00ea ye, tev\u00ee ku rast\u00ee wek\u00ee sextekariy\u00ea derbar\u00ea Nis\u00eab\u00een de hat. Li ser v\u00ee esas\u00ee j\u00ee, bang kir ku bersiv\u00ea nedin proveksyonan\u201d tev\u00ee ku\u00a0 s\u00eenor tam nehatib\u00fb diyarkirin ji aliy\u00ea Nis\u00eab\u00een\u00ea ve, ku v\u00ea yek\u00ea r\u00ea li ber opoz\u00eesyon\u00ean kurd vekir ku ji v\u00ee s\u00eenor\u00ee qezenc\u00ea bib\u00eenin \u00fb xwe ji bid\u00fbketin\u00ea dipoarastin \u00fb xwe ji w\u00ea der\u00ea amade dikirin \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee axa Tirkiyay\u00ea bikin.\u201d Li ser v\u00ee esas\u00ee j\u00ee, Fransa wek\u00ee \u201cher\u00eameke ewle\u201d di hundir\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de da tirkan: \u201cMe ji c\u00eeran\u00ean xwe y\u00ean tirkan xwest ku her\u00eam\u00ean me dag\u00eer bike, ji bo ku em ewlekar\u00ee peyda bikin \u00fb parastina wan ji dijminahiya kurdan ji wan re bikin\u201d (Gorgas 71). Dibe ku away\u00ea peyman \u00fb lihevkirin\u00ean bi al\u00eey\u00ea ewlekariy\u00ea ve n\u00ee\u015faneke z\u00eade ya b\u00eah\u00eaz\u00eeya Fransay\u00ea b\u00fb ku gelek caran li hember binp\u00eakirin\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea, di nav de dag\u00eerkirina axa kurdan a ku b\u00fbye be\u015fek ji S\u00fbriyay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

T\u00ea t\u00eab\u00een\u00eekirin ku di sal\u00ean tevliheviya s\u00eenor de, bi bihaney\u00ean cuda armanc \u00fb binp\u00eakirin\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn, \u00e7i bi r\u00eaya sorkirina qeb\u00eeley\u00ean kurdan \u00fb ereban li dij fransiyan da ku dev ji destp\u00eaka dag\u00eerkeriya xwe ji \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d re berdin, an j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya \u00eed\u00eeay\u00ean \u015fopandina \u201c\u00e7etey\u00ean kurdan\u201d an j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya avakirina \u201cher\u00eam\u00ean ewle\u201d di hundir\u00ea axa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fore\u015fa \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed di 1925an de \u00fb lihevkirina bi Fransay\u00ea re ku maf dide w\u00ea heta 50 k\u00eelometer j\u00ee di axa aliy\u00ea din de bikeve tevger\u00ea. T\u00eab\u00eeniya her\u00ee gir\u00eeng j\u00ee serhi\u015fkiya Tirkiyay\u00ea ye ku ji bo guhertina s\u00eenoran \u00fb girtina k\u00eelometreyan \u00fb carinan j\u00ee \u00e7end sed metreyan di hundir\u00ea dewleta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya p\u00eavajoya x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenoran de, aliy\u00ean tirk \u00fb frans\u00ee di l\u00eestina bi karta kurdan de, j\u00eahat\u00ee ne.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Avakirina bajaran: Tolildana Fransay\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi windakirina bajaran ku wek\u00ee navend\u00ean bazirganiy\u00ea b\u00fbn, nexasim Nis\u00eab\u00een \u00fb M\u00ear\u00eedn \u00fb bajar\u00ean din \u00ean ku li pi\u015ft s\u00eenor\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea man, Fransay\u00ea ne\u00e7ar b\u00fb ku Ciz\u00eer\u00ea bibajar bike bi r\u00eaya avakirina bajar\u00ean n\u00fb. Bo m\u00eenak Qami\u015flo hate hilbijartin ku bibe navendeke bazirgan\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee wek\u00ee xwi\u015fka xwe Nis\u00eab\u00een\u00ea. Fransiyan ked\u00ean xwe z\u00eade kirin ji bo ku bajar\u00ea Qami\u015floy\u00ea ku d\u00eeroka avab\u00fbna w\u00ea vedigere 1923yan, bibe bajarek\u00ee rast\u00een, bi r\u00eaya avakirina navend\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb of\u00ees\u00ean r\u00eavever\u00ee ji wan di 20\u00ea tebaxa 1926an de (\u015eervan\u00ee 40). Herwiha, wek\u00ee w\u00ea j\u00ee avakirina di cih\u00ea baregeheke Osman\u00ee ya le\u015fker\u00ee de ku ev bajar sala 1900 hate avakirin, bi erkdarkirina Fewz\u00ee Beg wek\u00ee fermandarek\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean \u00e7olistan\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea hik\u00fbmeta osman\u00ee ve, yekem navenda h\u00eaza xwe li ser Xab\u00fbr\u00ea ava kir \u00fb di encam\u00ea de j\u00ee sala 1912an de \u00ead\u00ee xelk ber bi w\u00ea ve di\u00e7\u00fb (\u015eervan\u00ee 40). L\u00ea Hesek\u00ea bi rast\u00ee neb\u00fb bajar, heta sala 1922yan dema ku le\u015fkeran dest bi r\u00eaxistinkirina bajar kir. Lewra navend\u00ean bajaran li Ciz\u00eer\u00ea di bingeha xwe de li derdora baregeh\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee hatin avakirin. Away\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee di endazyariya w\u00ea de xuya dike, ji ber ku hin efser\u00ean muxaberatan x\u00eaz kirin \u00fb xet\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean bajar\u00ean m\u00eena Hesek\u00ea \u00fb Qami\u015floy\u00ea, p\u00eak an\u00een.<\/p>\n

Bi her hal\u00ee, avakirina bajaran ne jixweber b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ji bo p\u00eakan\u00eena armanc\u00ean taybet b\u00fb, wek\u00ee bajar\u00ean ku hatib\u00fbn avakirin an j\u00ee wek navend ji bo nav\u00e7ey\u00ean li k\u00ealeka r\u00eaya tr\u00ean\u00ea, wek Dirb\u00easiy\u00ea, Am\u00fbd\u00ea \u00fb Ser\u00ea Kaniy\u00ea, yan j\u00ee y\u00ean ku armanca wan t\u00eakbirina bajar\u00ean ku Tirkiyay\u00ea xistib\u00fbn bin kontrola xwe, wek Qami\u015flo \u00fb \u00cand\u00eewer\u00ea \u00fb bajar\u00ean ku ji bo \u201cstratej\u00eeiya d\u00fbr\u201d hatin avakirin m\u00eena Hesek\u00ea \u00fb D\u00earik\u00ea \u00fb Ev bajar\u00ean ku mirov dikare ji ber sedem\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea pa\u015fde veki\u015fe (Gorgas 92-93). Di prat\u00eek\u00ea de, p\u00eavajoya bajarvaniy\u00ea bi giran\u00ee li ser ramana d\u00eetina bazarek ji bo peydakirina hewcedariy\u00ean nif\u00fbsa gundan, ji n\u00fb ve avakirin\u00ea, ferzkirina ewlehiy\u00ea \u00fb tazm\u00eenata ti\u015ft\u00ean ku Tirkiyay\u00ea ji bajar\u00ean ku li ser nex\u015fey\u00ean nezelal hatine bicihkirin, hatine avakirin. Dibe ku cewhera rola efser\u00ean frans\u00ee ku endazyar\u00ean bajarvaniy\u00ea l\u00eestin, gir\u00eengiya le\u015fker\u00ee ya heb\u00fbna bajaran li \u015f\u00fbna gund\u00ean belawela y\u00ean ku neb\u00fbna navend\u00ean \u00eedar\u00ee \u00fb bazirgan\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Em dikarin ji n\u00eaz\u00eek ve bin\u00earin ku bandora avakirina bajaran di t\u00eakbirina \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean abor\u00ee y\u00ean bajar\u00ean ku ketine ser mil\u00ea tirkan, y\u00ean wek Nis\u00eab\u00een \u00fb Ciz\u00eera Botan\u00ea \u00fb k\u00eamb\u00fbna gir\u00eengiya wan wek bajar\u00ean ku xizmeta bi dehan gund\u00ean ku b\u00fbne ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea xeta tr\u00ean\u00ea. Avakirina bajaran j\u00ee bi komkirina serok\u00ean e\u015f\u00eeran \u00fb mirov\u00ean xwende li nav\u00e7eyeke bajarok\u00ee b\u00fb sedem ku diyardeya \u201cr\u00fbspioyan\u201d derkeve hol\u00ea \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee jin\u00fbveavakirina navend\u00ean \u00e7alakiy\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean dijber\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea, ku rola w\u00ea ya siyas\u00ee di n\u00eeveka sal\u00ean 30\u00ee de bi tevgera xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea li Cez\u00eer\u00ea, ku ji aliy\u00ea hin e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean \u015febek \u00fb xir\u00eestiyan\u00ean ereb \u00fb neheb\u00ean kurd ve dihat bir\u00eavebirin, bi xurt\u00ee derket hol\u00ea .<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ftre, le\u015fker\u00ean rasp\u00eariy\u00ee dikar\u00eeb\u00fbn ku bajaran zind\u00ee bih\u00ealin \u00fb \u00fb ni\u015ftecihan ji bandora x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor, qereb\u00fb bikin. Tev\u00ee rew\u015f\u00ean hejar\u00ee \u00fb xerabb\u00fbna rew\u015fa jiyan\u00ee dem bi dem nexasim di navbera 1930-1933yan de, siyaset\u00ean bicihkirin\u00ea y\u00ea frans\u00ee dikar\u00eeb\u00fb ku jiyan\u00ea li \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d veger\u00eene, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku Dewleta Osman\u00ee \u00fb projey\u00ean zind\u00eekirina Ciz\u00eer\u00ea, di v\u00ee war\u00ee de t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Kurdan ber\u00ea j\u00ee bala Dewleta Osman\u00ee ki\u015fandib\u00fb ser gir\u00eengiya v\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ea ya abor\u00ee dema ku rojnameya osman\u00ee ya bi nav\u00ea \u201cKurd\u201d di sala 1908an de nav\u00ea w\u00ea kir \u201cAmer\u00eekaya Osman\u00ee\u201d \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee rojnamey\u00ean rojavay\u00ee nav\u00ea w\u00ea kirin \u201cKaliforniaya Rojhilat\u201d. Navl\u00eakirin\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee gir\u00eengiya v\u00ea devera abor\u00ee \u00e7i bin j\u00ee,\u00a0 r\u00eaya x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor a xi\u015f \u00fb zehmet, pi\u015ft\u00ee aramkirina bajar \u00fb s\u00eenoran, b\u00fb sedem ku h\u00eaviy\u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean S\u00fbriya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea z\u00eade bibin ji bo derbaskirina rew\u015fa aramiy\u00ea \u00fb bikaran\u00eena karaktera kurd\u00ee ya nav\u00e7ey\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ee wek bihane ji bo her du aliyan, ji bo p\u00eakan\u00eena siyaset\u00ean ku ziyan\u00ea digih\u00eenin ni\u015ftecih\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea \u00fb bijardey\u00ean wan \u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee.<\/p>\n

T\u00eab\u00een\u00ee: Ev l\u00eakol\u00een bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee hatiye niv\u00eesandin \u00fb werger\u00ee kurmaciy\u00ea hatiye kirin. Lewre, \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean v\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea em \u00ea bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee bih\u00ealin, da ku xwendevan karibin bi awayek\u00ee h\u00easan li \u00e7avkaniyan vegerin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7avkan\u00ee: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1933<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a- \u06373 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2013<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0647\u0648\u0643 2004<\/p>\n

\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2018<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 (\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2023<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a- \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2013<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 1953<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 2016<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2013<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 2018<\/p>\n

\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Made bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0 Nex\u015fey\u00ean Sykes-Picot (1915-1916) ku damezr\u00eenera projeya par\u00e7ekirina dewleta Osman\u00ee b\u00fb, rast\u00ee r\u00eave\u00e7\u00fby\u00een\u00ean dir\u00eaj hat. Di encam\u00ea de, guhartin t\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn, heta ku ev nex\u015fe ne wek\u00ee destp\u00eaka xwe b\u00fbn. Ji nava wan, her\u00eama \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d b\u00fb qada x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor ku aram\u00ee heta 10 salan dema ku Fransa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,22],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-2374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lekolin","category-manshet"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea y\u00ea biguman li \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d (1920-1929) - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-18\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00eenor\u00ea S\u00fbriya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea y\u00ea biguman li \u201cCiz\u00eera Jor\u00een\u201d (1920-1929) - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Made bi ziman\u00ea ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0 Nex\u015fey\u00ean Sykes-Picot (1915-1916) ku damezr\u00eenera projeya par\u00e7ekirina dewleta Osman\u00ee b\u00fb, rast\u00ee r\u00eave\u00e7\u00fby\u00een\u00ean dir\u00eaj hat. 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