{"id":14595,"date":"2026-07-15T15:30:08","date_gmt":"2026-07-15T15:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=14595"},"modified":"2026-07-15T15:30:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T15:30:08","slug":"1-242","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-242\/","title":{"rendered":"Ji dewlet \u00fb bazar\u00ea ber bi sazkirina f\u00earb\u00fbn\u00ea ve: Xwendinek der bar\u00ea pirsa ge\u015fep\u00eadan\u00ea de li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mislim Talas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n

Ji dema hilwe\u015f\u00eena rej\u00eema S\u00fbriyay\u00ea di dawiya sala 2024an de, n\u00eeqa\u015fa kevin a li ser p\u00ea\u015feroja aboriya netewey\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve zind\u00ee b\u00fbye ku li dora dubendiya naskir\u00ee (n\u00eeqa\u015fek ku di heman dem\u00ea de gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ye j\u00ee) dizivire: Gelo welat ji bo r\u00eaberiya jin\u00fbveavakirin\u00ea p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ea bi dewleteke bih\u00eaz heye, yan j\u00ee aboriyeke bazara azad ku \u00een\u00eesiyat\u00eefa taybet berde \u00fb veberh\u00eanan\u00ea biki\u015f\u00eene? Got\u00fbb\u00eaja gi\u015ft\u00ee \u00fb akadem\u00eek di navbera wan kes\u00ean ku kr\u00eez\u00ea wek\u00ee ji roleke z\u00eade ya dewlet\u00ea \u00fb s\u00eenorkirin\u00ean bazar\u00ea dib\u00eenin \u00fb y\u00ean ku bawer dikin ku pirsgir\u00eak di qelskirina saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea \u00fb hi\u015ftina aboriy\u00ea ji bo kir\u00eakirin \u00fb taybetkirin\u00ea de ye, dabe\u015f dibe. Her \u00e7end ev n\u00eeqa\u015f xwed\u00ee nirx be j\u00ee, ew ji texm\u00eena nepen\u00ee derdikeve hol\u00ea ku p\u00ea\u015feroja p\u00ea\u015fketina S\u00fbriyay\u00ea d\u00ea ten\u00ea bi belavkirina rolan di navbera dewlet \u00fb bazar\u00ea de were destn\u00ee\u015fankirin.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea ezm\u00fbna S\u00fbriyay\u00ea di s\u00ea dehsal\u00ean bor\u00ee de \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke tevlihevtir e\u015fkere dike. Ji sal\u00ean 1990\u00ee vir ve, welat \u015fahidiya berfirehb\u00fbneke gav bi gav a sektora taybet \u00fb l\u00eeberal\u00eezasyona bazirganiy\u00ea kiriye ku bi pejirandina ti\u015ft\u00ea ku di sala 2005an de wek\u00ee “aboriya bazara civak\u00ee” dihat binavkirin, bi gir\u00eeng\u00ee lez kir. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev l\u00eeberal\u00eezasyon neb\u00fb sedema derketina bazareke aram \u00fb rikberiy\u00ea. Di \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea de, giha\u015ftina \u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb derfetan di nav tor\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean nas \u00fb \u00eemtiyaz\u00ea de ji n\u00fb ve organ\u00eeze kir – ti\u015ft\u00ea ku Besam Hedad wek\u00ee “kap\u00eetal\u00eezma dostane” bi nav kir \u00fb ku Raymond Hinnebusch bi r\u00eaya “l\u00eeberal\u00eezasyona otor\u00eeter” ve gir\u00ea da. Di qonaxa din de, \u015fer be\u015f\u00ean mezin \u00ean aboriya ferm\u00ee hilwe\u015fand, l\u00ea \u00e7alakiya abor\u00ee nesekinand; berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, w\u00ea bi r\u00eaya kanal\u00ean aboriya \u015fer, tor\u00ean qa\u00e7ax\u00e7\u00eetiy\u00ea \u00fb destp\u00ea\u015fxeriy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean s\u00eenor ji n\u00fb ve \u015fekil da. Niha, tev\u00ee \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya siyas\u00ee ya guhert\u00ee, pirs\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean di derbar\u00ea xwezaya saziyan \u00fb qa\u00eedey\u00ean giha\u015ftina \u00e7avkaniyan de b\u00ea bersiv\u00ean daw\u00ee dim\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Ji aboriya siyas\u00ee \u00fb saziyan w\u00eadetir<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edebyat\u00ean hemdem be\u015fdariy\u00ean gir\u00eeng p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dikin ji bo t\u00eagiha\u015ftina van veguher\u00eenan. Di aboriya saziyan de, Douglas North \u00fb hevkar\u00ean w\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dan ka saz\u00ee \u00fb qa\u00eedey\u00ean l\u00eestik\u00ea \u00e7awa xwezaya performansa abor\u00ee diyar dikin. Di aboriya siyas\u00ee de, Mushtaq Khan rave kir ku ev saz\u00ee nikarin bi ten\u00ea ji hevsengiy\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea \u00fb lihevkirin\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean ku ew \u00e7\u00eadikin werin f\u00eamkirin. Van n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyan al\u00eekar\u00ee kirine ku ji ravekirin\u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee y\u00ean ku p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea vediqet\u00eenin siyaset\u00ean dirav\u00ee an j\u00ee asta destwerdana dewlet\u00ea derkevin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev w\u00eaje pir caran bi saziyan an hevsengiy\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea wek\u00ee diyariy\u00ean sereke \u00fb xwegir dest p\u00ea dike da ku encam\u00ean pa\u015f\u00een rave bike.<\/p>\n

Ev gotar hewl dide ku ji xal\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea y\u00ean aboriya siyas\u00ee \u00fb saziyan a hey\u00ee derkeve \u00fb pirsek k\u00fbrtir derxe hol\u00ea: Saz\u00ee ji ku der\u00ea derdikevin \u00fb \u00e7ima hin civak dikarin wan bi berdewam\u00ee n\u00fb bikin \u00fb ji h\u00eala abor\u00ee ve mezin bibin \u00fb ge\u015f bibin, l\u00ea di y\u00ean din de ew hi\u015fk \u00fb b\u00ea\u00e7alak dibin ku dibe sedema pa\u015fketin \u00fb t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea?<\/p>\n

Gotar p\u00ea\u015fniyar dike ku xala destp\u00eak\u00ea ne di dewlet\u00ea de ye \u00fb ne j\u00ee di bazar\u00ea de ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea di kapas\u00eeteya mirovan de ye ji bo “f\u00earb\u00fbna berhevkir\u00ee”. P\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn, di esl\u00ea xwe de, ne ten\u00ea berhevkirina sermayeya f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee ye, l\u00ea \u015fiyana civak\u00ea ye ku f\u00earb\u00fbna ku ji h\u00eala endam\u00ean xwe ve hat\u00ee \u00e7\u00eakirin veguher\u00eene saziy\u00ean n\u00fb, an j\u00ee y\u00ean hey\u00ee vej\u00eene, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee karan\u00eena \u00e7avkaniyan bi awayek\u00ee berhemdartir ji n\u00fb ve organ\u00eeze bike. Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea, pirsa p\u00ea\u015fkeftina S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ji “div\u00ea dewlet \u00e7iqas mezin be?” diguhere bo “gelo civaka S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00eero xwed\u00ee kanal\u00ean saz\u00fbman\u00ee ye ku dih\u00eale ew f\u00earb\u00fbn \u00fb ezm\u00fbna ku di sal\u00ean \u015fer \u00fb ko\u00e7beriy\u00ea de berhev kiriye veguher\u00eene saziy\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean ku dikarin p\u00eavajoyek p\u00ea\u015fkeftina domdar bi r\u00ea ve bibin?”<\/p>\n

Saz\u00fbmana f\u00earb\u00fbn\u00ea: Gir\u00eaka winda di ge\u015fep\u00eadan\u00ea de<\/strong><\/p>\n

Saz\u00ee ji tuneb\u00fbn\u00ea dernakevin \u00fb hevsengiy\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea ne diyariyeke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya stat\u00eek in, l\u00ea bel\u00ea berhema p\u00eavajoy\u00ean dir\u00eaj \u00ean guhertina civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ne. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea p\u00eadiv\u00ee bi astek ravekirin\u00ea ya p\u00ea\u015fwext heye ku hewl dide \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean ku saz\u00ee \u00fb h\u00eaz di bin wan de \u00e7\u00eadibin \u00fb bi dem\u00ea re n\u00fb dibin fam bike.<\/p>\n

Taybetmendiya bingeh\u00een a civaka mirovan kapas\u00eeteya w\u00ea ya ji bo f\u00earb\u00fbna domdar \u00fb berhevkir\u00ee ye. Her civak zan\u00een, j\u00eahat\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb r\u00eabaz\u00ean \u00e7areserkirina pirsgir\u00eakan \u00ean n\u00fb hildiber\u00eene. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev f\u00earb\u00fbna takekes\u00ee dibe ku ezm\u00fbnek kesane bi bandorek s\u00eenorkir\u00ee bim\u00eene heya ku ew bi r\u00eaya p\u00eavajoya “saz\u00fbmankirin\u00ea” r\u00eaya xwe neb\u00eene qada gi\u015ft\u00ee. Li vir, saz\u00fbmankirin ne ten\u00ea t\u00ea wateya damezrandina r\u00eaxistinek an derxistina qan\u00fbnek, l\u00ea bel\u00ea behsa p\u00eavajoya ku f\u00earb\u00fbna takekes\u00ee vediguhere \u015f\u00eawazek tevger\u00ee ya aram ku \u00e7avkaniyan ji n\u00fb ve organ\u00eeze dike, dike.<\/p>\n

Ev veguher\u00een di valahiyek\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eanabe; \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean civak\u00ea her gav ji h\u00eala r\u00eagez \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean ku di encama f\u00earb\u00fbna ber\u00ea de hatine \u00e7\u00eakirin ve t\u00eane r\u00eavebirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, her f\u00earb\u00fbna n\u00fb bi van saziy\u00ean hey\u00ee re t\u00eakil\u00ee dat\u00eene: Ew an di nav wan de t\u00ea ki\u015fandin, dibe sedema guhertina wan, an j\u00ee rast\u00ee berxwedanek tund t\u00ea ku nah\u00eale ew bibe saziyek stab\u00eel. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn ne bi hilber\u00eena f\u00earb\u00fbn\u00ea bi xwe ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bi berxwedana civak\u00ea \u00fb kapas\u00eeteya w\u00ea ya saz\u00fbmankirina v\u00ea f\u00earb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb veguherandina w\u00ea bo r\u00eagez\u00ean ku karan\u00eena \u00e7avkaniyan bi rengek hilber\u00eenertir \u00fb domdartir ji n\u00fb ve organ\u00eeze dikin.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fbvenirxandina rew\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Heger em v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya anal\u00eet\u00eek li ser rastiya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bi cih b\u00eenin, pirsa sereke div\u00ea ne der bar\u00ea heb\u00fbna veberh\u00eanan\u00ea de be, l\u00ea bel\u00ea: Gelo civaka S\u00fbriyay\u00ea kar\u00eena xwe ya f\u00earb\u00fbn\u00ea winda kiriye?<\/p>\n

Rast\u00ee tam berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea tekez dikin. Tev\u00ee windahiy\u00ean mirov\u00ee \u00fb mad\u00ee y\u00ean mezin, civaka S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dev ji hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea bernedaye. Bi rast\u00ee, \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean \u015fer, ko\u00e7ber\u00ee, penaber\u00ee \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena saziy\u00ean ferm\u00ee bi m\u00eelyonan s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ber bi bidestxistina form\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean f\u00earb\u00fbn\u00ea ve birine ku ber\u00ee 2011an ne amade b\u00fbn. S\u00fbriyayiyan di war\u00ea karsaziy\u00ea, r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee, xebata mirov\u00ee, aboriya d\u00eej\u00eetal \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya zinc\u00eera dab\u00eenkirin\u00ea de pisporiy\u00ean h\u00eaja berhev kirine, ji bil\u00ee xebata di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb saz\u00fbman\u00ee y\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee de li welat\u00ean c\u00eeran, Ewropa \u00fb Kendav\u00ea. Wek\u00ee din, form\u00ean n\u00fbjen \u00ean r\u00eaxistina civak\u00ee di hundir\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de derketine hol\u00ea ku ji h\u00eala mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean adaptey\u00ee neb\u00fbna xizmet\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee \u00fb aboriya neferm\u00ee ve t\u00eane ajotin.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, rawest\u00eena p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ea li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ne ji ber k\u00eamb\u00fbna sermayeya mirov\u00ee an perwerdehiy\u00ea ye. Civaka \u00eero xwed\u00ee bingehek zan\u00een\u00ea ye ku di gelek aliyan de, ji ya ku ber\u00ee \u015fer heb\u00fb derbas dibe. Pirsgir\u00eak di kanal\u00ean s\u00eenorkir\u00ee \u00fb girt\u00ee de ye ku dih\u00ealin ev f\u00earb\u00fbn bibe saz\u00fbman\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea, d\u00eeroka aboriya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ya n\u00fbjen dikare ji n\u00fb ve were \u015f\u00eerovekirin. Pirsgir\u00eak qet ne neb\u00fbna sektora taybet an berfirehb\u00fbna dewlet\u00ea bi xwe ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean ji bo r\u00eakxistina giha\u015ftina \u00e7avkaniyan b\u00fb. Derfet\u00ean veberh\u00eanan\u00ea, kred\u00ee, l\u00eesans \u00fb peyman\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee ten\u00ea qada tor\u00ean bandora siyas\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee mane \u00fb r\u00ea li ber f\u00earb\u00fbna n\u00fb digirin ku r\u00eay\u00ean serbixwe ji bo saz\u00fbman\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea bib\u00eenin. Heta di qonaxa “aboriya bazara civak\u00ee” de j\u00ee, bazar nekariye veguhere haw\u00eerdoreke rikberiy\u00ea ji ber ku qa\u00eedey\u00ean avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea neguher\u00eene \u00fb f\u00earb\u00fbna n\u00fb ne\u00e7ar kiriye ku an xwe bigunc\u00eene “kap\u00eetal\u00eezma hevalbend” a hey\u00ee an j\u00ee ko\u00e7ber bibe.<\/p>\n

N\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean teor\u00eek \u00fb siyaset\u00ee ji bo p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ev gotar ne r\u00eabernameyek\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike ji bo guhertina dewlet\u00ea bi bazar\u00ea, an berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, l\u00ea bel\u00ea pirsa bingeh\u00een a p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve \u00e7ar\u00e7ove dike. Pirsgir\u00eaka rast\u00een a ku S\u00fbriya di v\u00ea qonaxa n\u00fb de p\u00ea re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb ye ne ten\u00ea bi jin\u00fbveavakirina binesaziy\u00ea an j\u00ee reformkirina darayiy\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee ve s\u00eenordar e, l\u00ea di avakirina haw\u00eerdorek saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya nerm de ye ku bikaribe zan\u00eena berfireh a ku ji h\u00eala s\u00fbriyayiyan ve hem di hundur \u00fb hem j\u00ee li dervey\u00ee welat de hat\u00ee berhevkirin bihel\u00eene \u00fb bi kar b\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Heger kanal\u00ean saz\u00fbman\u00eekirin\u00ea teng bim\u00eenin \u00fb di bin \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean yekdestdar \u00ean s\u00eenordar de bin, ev f\u00earb\u00fbn d\u00ea nikaribe veguher\u00eene h\u00eaza hilber\u00eener, b\u00eay\u00ee ku mezinahiya f\u00eenansman\u00ea an j\u00ee armanca siyaset\u00ean abor\u00ee y\u00ean ragihand\u00ee \u00e7i be.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, pirsa gir\u00eeng a ku \u00eero li p\u00ea\u015fiya \u00e7areseriya siyas\u00ee \u00fb saziy\u00ean ku \u015fikil digirin ev e: Gelo ev qonax d\u00ea r\u00eay\u00ean wekhev \u00fb cih\u00eareng ji bo veguherandina f\u00earb\u00fbn\u00ea bo saziy\u00ean n\u00fb veke? Hrger bersiv er\u00ea be, w\u00ea hing\u00ea jin\u00fbveavakirin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn perspekt\u00eefek rast\u00een \u00fb gengaz dim\u00eene, tewra di nav \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean mad\u00ee y\u00ean k\u00eam de j\u00ee. L\u00eabel\u00ea, heger yekdestdariya kanalan \u00fb jin\u00fbvehilberandina b\u00ea\u00e7alakiya saziyan berdewam bike, w\u00ea hing\u00ea siyaset\u00ean abor\u00ee y\u00ean \u00e7\u00eatir\u00een j\u00ee mehk\u00fbm\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea ne.<\/p>\n

Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee bersiv\u00ean tekez p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f nake, l\u00ea ew asteke ravekirin\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fniyar dike ku beriya aboriya siyas\u00ee ya kevne\u015fop\u00ee ye; ew bi f\u00earb\u00fbna mirovan wek\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya sereke ya kar\u00eenan dest p\u00ea dike, kanal\u00ean saz\u00fbmankirina w\u00ea di\u015fop\u00eene \u00fb digih\u00eaje t\u00eagiha\u015ftina sedem\u00ean ge\u015fedan\u00ea an h\u00eaz\u00ean b\u00ea\u00e7alakiy\u00ea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mislim Talas Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Ji dema hilwe\u015f\u00eena rej\u00eema S\u00fbriyay\u00ea di dawiya sala 2024an de, n\u00eeqa\u015fa kevin a li ser p\u00ea\u015feroja aboriya netewey\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve zind\u00ee b\u00fbye ku li dora dubendiya naskir\u00ee (n\u00eeqa\u015fek ku di heman dem\u00ea de gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ye j\u00ee) dizivire: Gelo welat ji bo r\u00eaberiya jin\u00fbveavakirin\u00ea p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ea bi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,22],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-14595","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gotar","category-manshet"],"yoast_head":"\nJi dewlet \u00fb bazar\u00ea ber bi sazkirina f\u00earb\u00fbn\u00ea ve: Xwendinek der bar\u00ea pirsa ge\u015fep\u00eadan\u00ea de li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea - 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