{"id":14514,"date":"2026-06-03T10:09:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T10:09:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=14514"},"modified":"2026-06-03T10:09:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T10:09:02","slug":"1-222","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-222\/","title":{"rendered":"Guhartin\u00ean di r\u00eaveberiya doza kurd\u00ee de li Tirkiyay\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 2024an"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr. Muslim Ebd Talas<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Naverok<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ev l\u00eakol\u00een li ser veguher\u00een\u00ean ku ji sala 2024an vir ve di t\u00eakiliya navbera dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb tevgera siyas\u00ee ya kurd\u00ee de p\u00eak t\u00ean, radiweste. Ev veguher\u00een di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya \u015ferek\u00ee dir\u00eajdem a ku ji sala 1984an de, pi\u015ft\u00ee ragihandina t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea Partiya Karker\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea (PKK) ve, di navbera her du aliyan de dom kiriye, t\u00eane nirxandin.<\/p>\n

Ev l\u00eakol\u00een destn\u00ee\u015fan dike ku p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ne destp\u00eaka veguhestineke tam ji \u015fert\u00fbmerc\u00ean \u015fer ber bi a\u015ftiyek demokrat\u00eek ve ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea z\u00eadetir n\u00ee\u015fana guhertineke gav bi gav e di away\u00ea r\u00eavebirina doza kurd\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea ve ye.<\/p>\n

L\u00eakol\u00een xwe disp\u00eare h\u00eepoteza ku modela \u00e7areserkirina le\u015fker\u00ee, ku bi dehsalan dewam kir, tev\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fketina berbi\u00e7av a kapas\u00eetey\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiy\u00ea y\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 2015an, gih\u00ee\u015ft s\u00eenor\u00ean xwe y\u00ean siyas\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Di aliy\u00ea din de, tevgera kurd j\u00ee nekar\u00ee h\u00eaza xwe ya le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb bandora xwe ya her\u00eam\u00ee veguher\u00eene \u00e7areseriyeke siyas\u00ee ya domdar \u00fb aram.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, ev l\u00eakol\u00een dib\u00eene ku dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea ber bi modelek\u00ee t\u00eakel ve di\u00e7e; Modelek ku t\u00ea de be\u015fdarb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee ya s\u00eenorkir\u00ee, kontrola qan\u00fbn\u00ee, r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb domandina hin am\u00fbr\u00ean ewlekar\u00ee bi hev re t\u00eane bikaran\u00een. Armanc j\u00ee ew e ku \u015fer bi l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbnek k\u00eamtir were bir\u00eavebirin, b\u00eay\u00ee ku bingeh \u00fb nasnameya dewleta netewey\u00ee ya Tirkiy\u00ea jin\u00fbve were p\u00eanasekirin.<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, l\u00eakol\u00een li ser veguher\u00een\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee y\u00ean ku qada kurd\u00ee jiyaye disekine, ji nav wan berfirehb\u00fbna bajar\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea, bilindb\u00fbna tordest\u00ean xizmetguzariya civak\u00ee \u00fb z\u00eadeb\u00fbna gir\u00eengiya r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee. Herwiha, diyar dike ku am\u00fbr\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna civak\u00ee dibe be\u015fek ji \u015f\u00eawaza r\u00eavebirina qonaxa pi\u015ft\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee.<\/p>\n

L\u00eakol\u00een diyar dike ku p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee h\u00een j\u00ee bi hin nakokiy\u00ean avah\u00eesaz\u00ee y\u00ean gir\u00eeng re r\u00fbbir\u00fb ye; ya her\u00ee gir\u00eeng j\u00ee valahiya di navbera x\u00eetaba a\u015ftiy\u00ea \u00fb domdariya prat\u00eek\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea de ye, herwiha s\u00eenor\u00ean naskirina siyas\u00ee ya bi kurdan \u00fb c\u00fbdahiya daxwaz\u00ean sereke y\u00ean kurd \u00ean di hundir \u00fb dervey\u00ee Tirkiyay\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

Anal\u00eez digih\u00eeje encamek\u00ea ku p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee dibe ku ber bi rengek\u00ee ji reng\u00ean”entegrasyona siyas\u00ee ya kontrolkir\u00ee”\u00fb aramiya be\u015f\u00ee ve bi\u00e7e, l\u00ea di v\u00ea gav\u00ea de h\u00een j\u00ee \u00e7areseriyeke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya berfireh a doza kurd tune ye. L\u00ea bel\u00ea jin\u00fbve r\u00eaxistinkirinek nermtir a r\u00eaveberiya nakokiyan di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean dewleta netewey\u00ee ya Tirkiy\u00ea de, n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/p>\n

P\u00ea\u015fgotin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di 40 sal\u00ean bor\u00ee de, t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb tevgera kurd de yek ji aloz \u00fb gir\u00eak \u00ean nakokiy\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een a n\u00fbjen de b\u00fb. Ji dema destp\u00eakirina t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ya Partiya Karker\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea (PKK) di sala 1984an de ve, doza \u00a0kurd li Tirkiy\u00ea ji mijara nasnameya \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb daxwaz\u00ean siyas\u00ee derbas kir \u00fb gav bi gav b\u00fbye yek ji doz\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean t\u00eakiliya dewlet\u00ea bi ewlehiya netewey\u00ee, yek\u00eetiya Komar\u00ea \u00fb s\u00eenor\u00ean pirrengiya siyas\u00ee di nav pergala komar\u00ee p\u00eak t\u00eene (Ye\u011fen 1999). Di aliy\u00ea din de, tevgera kurd ji r\u00eaxistineke \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ya bi x\u00eebateke netewey\u00ee\u2013\u015fore\u015fger ber bi qadeke berfireh a siyas\u00ee, le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee ve p\u00ea\u015fve \u00e7\u00fbye \u00fb r\u00eagez\u00ean w\u00ea derbas\u00ee s\u00eenor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee b\u00fbne li S\u00fbriye, Iraq \u00fb Ewropay\u00ea (Gunter 2013).<\/p>\n

Her wiha, hin l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean n\u00fbjen bal\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eenin ser v\u00ea yek\u00ea ku qada kurd\u00ee li Tirkiyay\u00ea ten\u00ea bi \u00e7av\u00ea qadeke ewlehiy\u00ea an j\u00ee meydaneke \u015fer\u00ea \u00e7ekdar\u00ee nay\u00ea d\u00eetin. L\u00ea bel\u00ea, ev qada aliy\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean bajar\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee j\u00ee di nava xwe de dihew\u00eene, ango qadek ku dewlet, tevgera kurd\u00ee \u00fb civaka xwecih\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee hevdem \u00fb t\u00eakildar, bi bandora \u015fer, p\u00eavajoy\u00ean bajar\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee, jin\u00fbve hate avakirin Gambetti and Jongerden 2015; Watts 2009).<\/p>\n

L\u00ea \u015fer\u00ea tirk\u2013kurd ten\u00ea bi \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya nakokiyeke di navbera dewlet\u00ea \u00fb tevgereke \u00e7ekdar\u00ee de nay\u00ea f\u00eamkirin. Ev mijar be\u015fek ji p\u00eavajoyeke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya dir\u00eajtir e ku bi avakirina dewleta netewey\u00ee ya Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb away\u00ea bir\u00eavebirina pirrengiya etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee di nav w\u00ea de gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, ji dema damezrandina Komar\u00ea di sala 1923an de, projeya avakirina neteweya Tirk li ser bingeha nasnameyek netewey\u00ee ya yekane hate avakirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, daxwaz\u00ean kurdan pir caran ne wek\u00ee be\u015fek ji n\u00eeqa\u015fa siyas\u00ee ya li ser pirreng\u00ee \u00fb n\u00fbnertiya siyas\u00ee, l\u00ea bel\u00ea wek\u00ee gefeke li dij yek\u00eetiya dewlet\u00ea \u00fb domandina Komar\u00ea hatin d\u00eetin \u00fb \u015f\u00eerovekirin (Ye\u011fen 1999; McDowall 2004).<\/p>\n

Bi z\u00eadeb\u00fbna \u015fer\u00ea \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ji sal\u00ean 1980an vir ve, bingeheke demdir\u00eaj a ewlekar\u00eekirin\u00ea(securitization) li dora pirsa kurd derketiye hol\u00ea, bi rengek\u00ee ku n\u00eazikb\u00fbna bi w\u00ea re \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea di aliy\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee de s\u00eenordar b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ft\u00ee aliy\u00ea qan\u00fbn, r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee, x\u00eetaba siyas\u00ee, qada siv\u00eel \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean ge\u015fep\u00eadan \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ean kurdan (Buzan, W\u00e6ver, \u00fb de Wilde 1998; Jongerden 2007). Tev\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewleta Tirk \u00fb tevgera kurd de ne ten\u00ea bi mentiq\u00ea r\u00fbbir\u00fbne le\u015fker\u00ee ya berdewam ve s\u00eenordar b\u00fb. Ji agirbesta ku ji h\u00eala PKK\u00ea, Ebdullah Ocalan, di sala 1993an de di dema serokatiya Turgut \u00d6zal de, bi r\u00eaya Peyman\u00ean Oslo \u00fb p\u00eavajoya a\u015ftiy\u00ea ya di navbera 2013 \u00fb 2015an de hatiye ragihandin, Tirkiya \u015fahidiya r\u00eaze hewldan\u00ean jin\u00fbve organ\u00eezekirina t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb tevgera kurd de kiriye \u00fb ji \u015fer\u00ea vekir\u00ee ber bi r\u00eakeftin\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean aramtir ve di\u00e7\u00fb (Savran 2020). L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev hewldan ji h\u00eala aloziya di navbera mentiqa ewleh\u00ee \u00fb serweriy\u00ea de ji aliyek\u00ee ve \u00fb daxwaz\u00ean ji bo naskirina siyas\u00ee \u00fb jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirina t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb kurdan de ji aliy\u00ea din ve hatin bir\u00eavebirin.<\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee guhartin\u00ean mezin \u00ean ku di deh sal\u00ean daw\u00ee de di hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea de p\u00eak hatin, l\u00ea tu aliyek nekar\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee \u015fer bi daw\u00ee bike an j\u00ee serkeftinek diyarker bi dest bixe. Dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea, bi taybet\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee bidaw\u00eeb\u00fbna p\u00eavajoya a\u015ftiy\u00ea di sala 2015an de, \u015fiyan\u00ean xwe y\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb \u00eest\u00eexbarat\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee berbi\u00e7av p\u00ea\u015f bixe. Ev yek r\u00ea da ku qada tevger \u00fb \u00e7alakiy\u00ean PKK\u00ea di hundir\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea de s\u00eenordar bibe \u00fb di heman dem\u00ea de operasyon\u00ean xwe y\u00ean dervey\u00ee s\u00eenor li Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriyey\u00ea berfireh bike. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, karan\u00eena balafir\u00ean b\u00eamirov, pergal\u00ean \u00e7avd\u00eariy\u00ea \u00fb hevahengiya \u00eest\u00eexbarat\u00ee her ku \u00e7\u00fb z\u00eadetir b\u00fb (Kasapo\u011flu 2021).<\/p>\n

L\u00ea, ev serweriya ewleh\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee nekar\u00ee bibe bingehek ji bo \u00e7areseriyeke siyas\u00ee ya domdar a doza kurd.<\/p>\n

Li aliy\u00ea din, tevgera kurd j\u00ee tev\u00ee ku kar\u00eeb\u00fb li gor\u00ee \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean n\u00fb tevbigere \u00fb ji guhartin\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea s\u00fbd werbigire, nekar\u00ee h\u00eaza xwe ya le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb bandora xwe ya her\u00eam\u00ee veguher\u00eene r\u00eakeftineke siyas\u00ee ya domdar \u00fb naskir\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, ezm\u00fbna R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea j\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan da asta xwe spartina hevsengiy\u00ean navdewelet\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean ku her dem t\u00ean guhertin. Tev\u00ee ku ev ezm\u00fbn ji bo aktor\u00ean kurd li her\u00eam\u00ea qadeke siyas\u00ee ya n\u00fb vekir \u00fb derfet\u00ean n\u00fb afirand, di heman dem\u00ea de s\u00eenor \u00fb astengiy\u00ean v\u00ea gir\u00eadan\u00ea j\u00ee e\u015fkere kir (Gunes and Lowe 2015).<\/p>\n

Ev veguher\u00een bi guhertin\u00ean gir\u00eeng \u00ean navxwey\u00ee y\u00ean ku di Tirkiyay\u00ea de j\u00ee p\u00eak hatin re hevdem b\u00fbn. Di \u00e7end dehsal\u00ean daw\u00ee de, civaka kurd li Tirkiyay\u00ea bi p\u00eavajoyeke berfireh a bajar\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb t\u00eakelb\u00fbna k\u00fbrtir di aboriya netewey\u00ee \u00fb navend\u00ean bajar\u00ee de derbas b\u00fb. Di heman dem\u00ea de, \u00e7\u00een\u00ean nav\u00een \u00ean kurd mezin b\u00fbn \u00fb r\u00eaxistin \u00fb tor\u00ean be\u015fdarb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee j\u00ee berfireh b\u00fbn. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj dest p\u00ea kiriye ku l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbnek abor\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ya z\u00eade li ser dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea ferz bike, nemaze bi heb\u00fbna kr\u00eeza abor\u00ee \u00fb k\u00eamb\u00fbna bandora seferberiya netewey\u00ee ya kevne\u015fop\u00ee de li gor\u00ee serdema pi\u015ft\u00ee 2015an (Y\u00f6r\u00fck 2012).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, ji sala 2024an vir ve n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean vekirina qonaxeke siyas\u00ee ya n\u00fb di navbera dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb tevgera kurd\u00ee de d\u00eeyar b\u00fbn. Ev p\u00eavajo bi hin guhertin\u00ean berbi\u00e7av di x\u00eetaba siyas\u00ee ya Tirkiyay\u00ea de re hat, ku di nav wan de be\u015fdarb\u00fbn \u00fb pi\u015ftgiriya hin kesayet\u00ean neteweperest \u00ean navdar ji bo v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea an j\u00ee parastina encam\u00ean muhtemel.<\/p>\n

Yek ji wan guhertin\u00ean her\u00ee baldar daxuyaniy\u00ean serok\u00ea Partiya Tevgera Neteweperest (MHP) \u00fb hevalbend\u00ea sereke y\u00ea Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Devlet Bah\u00e7el\u00ee b\u00fbn. Bah\u00e7el\u00ee behsa p\u00eaw\u00eestiya \u00e7\u00eakirina \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek siyas\u00ee an qan\u00fbn\u00ee kir ku bikare r\u00ea li ber rola Ebdullah Ocalan di p\u00eakan\u00eena bidaw\u00eeb\u00fbna \u015fer\u00ea \u00e7ekdar\u00ee de veke (Reuters 2026).<\/p>\n

L\u00ea bel\u00ea, p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ne ten\u00ea zindkirina p\u00eavajoya sala 2013\u20132015an e \u00fb ne j\u00ee dikare ten\u00ea wek\u00ee “\u00een\u00eesiyat\u00eefeke a\u015ftiy\u00ea” ya kevne\u015fop\u00ee were \u015firovekirin. Di deh sal\u00ean daw\u00ee de, hem li Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb hem li her\u00eam\u00ea guhertin\u00ean gir\u00eeng p\u00eak hatine ku ne ten\u00ea \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean \u015fer, l\u00ea xwezaya doza kurd \u00fb \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean ku dewlet ji bo bir\u00eavebirina w\u00ea bikar t\u00eene j\u00ee jin\u00fbve \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Herwiha, ev p\u00eavajo ji haw\u00eerdoreke her\u00eam\u00ee ya pir guherbar ku pi\u015ft\u00ee b\u00fbyer\u00ean 7\u00ea cotmeha 2023an derketiye hol\u00ea, nay\u00ea veqetandin. Z\u00eadeb\u00fbna aloz\u00eey\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee S\u00fbriy\u00ea \u00fb \u00ceran\u00ea \u00fb guhertina hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een, hem\u00fb di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya ku ev p\u00eavajo t\u00ea de p\u00ea\u015fve bi\u00e7e, roleke gir\u00eeng dil\u00eezin.<\/p>\n

Ev anal\u00eez destn\u00ee\u015fan dike ku p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ne ten\u00ea veguhastineke tam ji \u015fer ber bi”a\u015ft\u00eeya demokrat\u00eek” ve ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea z\u00eadetir n\u00ee\u015fana guher\u00eeneke h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee ye di \u015f\u00eawaza ku dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea doza kurd r\u00eave dibe; Modela ku bi dehsalan li ser \u015fer\u00ea li dij \u00e7alakiy\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee \u00fb ewlekar\u00eekirina tund rawestiyab\u00fb, niha ber bi \u015f\u00eaweyek\u00ee c\u00fbda ve di\u00e7e. Di v\u00ea modela n\u00fb de, entegrasyona siyas\u00ee ya s\u00eenorkir\u00ee, kontrola qan\u00fbn\u00ee, r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb hin mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea bi hev re t\u00eane bikaran\u00een.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea ev guher\u00een ne b\u00ea s\u00eenor e. P\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee h\u00een j\u00ee di bin bandora avahiya netewperest\u00eeya navend\u00ee ya dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb \u015fert\u00fbmerc\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean derdora w\u00ea de dime\u015fe, ku her du j\u00ee s\u00eenor \u00fb \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea diyar kirin.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, ev l\u00eakol\u00een t\u00eageha “tevgera kurd\u00ee” wek\u00ee heb\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee ya yekpar\u00e7e \u00fb yekdest nagire dest, l\u00ea bel\u00ea c\u00fbdahiy\u00ea di navbera Partiya Karker\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea (PKK), DEM Part\u00ee \u00fb R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea de, \u00e7\u00eadike. Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee li ser w\u00ea bingeh\u00ea ye ku berjewend\u00ee \u00fb stratejiy\u00ean van aliyan her dem ne heman in, her\u00e7end\u00ee di navbera wan de gir\u00eadan\u00ean siyas\u00ee, r\u00eaxistin\u00ee \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ee hebin.<\/p>\n

Ev l\u00eakol\u00een xwe disp\u00eare \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke anal\u00eez ku di nava xwe de edebyat\u00ean ewlekar\u00eekirin\u00ea (Securitization), teoriya \u00e7areseriya siyas\u00ee (Political Settlement Theory), saz\u00fbmaniya d\u00eerok\u00ee (Historical Institutionalism) \u00fb edebyat\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya qonaxa pi\u015ft\u00ee serhildan\u00ea (Post-Insurgency Governance) dihew\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Ev \u00e7ar\u00e7ove ji w\u00ea t\u00eagihi\u015ftin\u00ea dest p\u00ea dike ku \u015fer\u00ea tirk-kurd ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee nakokiyeke ewleh\u00ee an etn\u00eek\u00ee t\u00ea \u015f\u00eerovekirin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea wek\u00ee be\u015fek ji veguher\u00een\u00ean firehtir t\u00ea d\u00eetin ku bi r\u00eavebirina dewlet\u00ea, jin\u00fbve r\u00eaxistinkirina qada siyas\u00ee, bir\u00eavebirina pirrengiy\u00ea, \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea \u00fb bi guhertin\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea anal\u00eez\u00ea de t\u00eageha “entegrasyona siyas\u00ee ya kontrolkir\u00ee” ji bo ravekirina \u015f\u00eawazek\u00ee taybet a bir\u00eavebirina \u015fer t\u00ea bikaran\u00een. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea, dewlet r\u00ea dide ku aktor\u00ean kurd bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eenordarkir\u00ee \u00fb hesabkir\u00ee be\u015fdar\u00ee jiyana siyas\u00ee bibin, n\u00fbnert\u00eeya qan\u00fbn\u00ee werbigirin \u00fb di saziy\u00ean ferm\u00ee de cih bigirin.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de, dewlet am\u00fbr\u00ean xwe y\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee, ewleh\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee dipar\u00eaze da ku s\u00eenor\u00ean v\u00ea be\u015fdarb\u00fbn\u00ea kontrol bike \u00fb neh\u00eale ku ev p\u00eavajo bibe sedema guhertineke bingeh\u00een di p\u00eanase \u00fb xwezaya dewleta netewey\u00ee ya Tirkiyay\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

Ev l\u00eakol\u00een hewl dide bersiva v\u00ea pirs\u00ea bide: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gelo ev p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ya di navbera dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb tevgera kurd\u00ee de n\u00ee\u015fana derbasb\u00fbnek\u00ea ji qonaxa \u015fer ber bi \u00e7areseriyeke siyas\u00ee ya aram \u00fb domdar e, an j\u00ee ten\u00ea vegotina \u015f\u00eawazeke n\u00fb ya bir\u00eavebirina doza kurd e ku di nav \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea de bi awayek\u00ee nermtir \u00fb bi l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbnek k\u00eamtir t\u00ea r\u00eaxistinkirin?<\/p>\n

Ji bo bersivdana v\u00ea pirs\u00ea, ev l\u00eakol\u00een li ser \u00e7ar be\u015f\u00ean sereke hat\u00eeye dabe\u015fkirin:<\/p>\n

Be\u015fa yekem;\u00a0 li ser veguher\u00eena ku ji qonaxa ewlekar\u00eekirin\u00ea \u00fb \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj ber bi k\u00eamb\u00fbna bandora modela \u00e7areseriya le\u015fker\u00ee ve \u00e7\u00fbye, disekine.<\/p>\n

Be\u015fa duyem; \u00e7awa doza kurd ji \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee derketiye \u00fb h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee ketiye nav qada r\u00eaveberiya siyas\u00ee \u00fb qan\u00fbn\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Be\u015fa s\u00eayem; li ser aboriya siyas\u00ee ya p\u00eavajoy\u00ean tevl\u00eakirin \u00fb kontrolkirin\u00ea radiweste, bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee rola r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea, p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb saziy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee di v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

Di dawiy\u00ea de, be\u015fa \u00e7arem s\u00eenor \u00fb derfet\u00ean p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee dinirx\u00eene \u00fb li ser perspekt\u00eef\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea disekine; di nav de j\u00ee aloziya di navbera aramiya ewlehiy\u00ea \u00fb naskirina siyas\u00ee de \u00fb s\u00eenor\u00ean veguher\u00een\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya dewleta netewey\u00ee ya Tirkiyay\u00ea de, disekine.<\/p>\n

Be\u015fa yekem: Ji ewlekar\u00eekirina doza kurd ber bi k\u00eamb\u00fbna kar\u00eegeriya modela \u00e7areseriya le\u015fker\u00ee ve<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eavajoya siyas\u00ee ya ku niha di navbera dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb tevgera kurd\u00ee de dime\u015fe, ten\u00ea bi b\u00fbyer\u00ean \u00eero nay\u00ea ravekirin. Ji bo f\u00eamkirina w\u00ea, p\u00eaw\u00eest e ku li veguher\u00een\u00ean ku di 14 sal\u00ean bor\u00ee de di away\u00ea \u015fer\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbne, were nirxandin.<\/p>\n

Mijar ten\u00ea ne ew e ku \u00eero ji bo diyalog\u00ea zem\u00eenek siyas\u00ee ya n\u00fb derketiye hol\u00ea. Di heman dem\u00ea de, modela \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj ku ji sal\u00ean 1980an vir ve t\u00eakiliy\u00ean her du aliyan diyar dikir, h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee gih\u00ee\u015ftiye s\u00eenor\u00ean xwe y\u00ean siyas\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ne wek\u00ee encama serkeftina yek al\u00ee li ser aliy\u00ea din xuya dike. Ji w\u00ea z\u00eadetir, ew n\u00ee\u015fana t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftineke z\u00eadetir e ku modela \u00e7areseriya le\u015fker\u00ee bi ten\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee nikare bersivek\u00ea bid\u00ea pirsgir\u00eaka hey\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Avakirina dewlet\u00ea \u00fb p\u00eavajoya ewlekar\u00eekirin\u00ea ya demdir\u00eaj<\/strong><\/p>\n

Komara Tirkiy\u00ea ya n\u00fbjen li ser bingehek projeya neteweperwer hat damezrandin ku armanca w\u00ea avakirina neteweyek siyas\u00ee ya yekpare b\u00fb, li ser nasnameya tirk\u00ee \u00fb yek\u00eetiya dewlet\u00ea navend\u00eekir\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, kurd wek\u00ee komek netewey\u00ee ya cuda di nav avahiya komar\u00ea de nehatin qeb\u00fblkirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, demek dir\u00eaj bi gotar\u00ean \u00eenkar\u00ea an j\u00ee tevl\u00eekirina wan di nasnameya gi\u015ft\u00ee ya tirk\u00ee de hatin nirxandin, ku ew bi ferm\u00ee j\u00ee wek “Tirk\u00ean \u00e7iyay\u00ee”hatin binavkirin (Ye\u011fen 1999).<\/p>\n

Ev qonax bi r\u00eaze serhildan\u00ean kurdan ve p\u00eak hat, ku ji nava wan \u015fore\u015fa her\u00ee gir\u00eeng Serhildana \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed a 1925an \u00fb serhildana D\u00earsim\u00ea di dawiya sal\u00ean 1930an de b\u00fb. Dewlet\u00ea li hember van serhildanan n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya w\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiy\u00ea b\u00fb, bi armanca z\u00eadekirina kontrola navend\u00ee \u00fb astengkirina derketina her c\u00fbre p\u00eavajoyek siyas\u00ee ya serbixwe ya bo kurdan (McDowall 2004).<\/p>\n

Bi ragihandina destp\u00eakirina t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ya Partiya Karker\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea (PKK) di sala 1984an de, Tirkiya ket nav yek ji dir\u00eajtir\u00een \u015fer\u00ean tevger\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee y\u00ean Rojhilata Nav\u00een a hemdem.<\/p>\n

Di deh sal\u00ean pi\u015ftre de, dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea ev \u015fer wek\u00ee gefek gir\u00eeng li ser yek\u00eetiya komar\u00ea \u00fb ewlehiya w\u00ea ya netewey\u00ee nirxand. Ev t\u00eagihi\u015ftin b\u00fb bingeh\u00ea avakirina s\u00eestemeke ewlekar\u00eekirin\u00ea ya dir\u00eaj, ku bandora w\u00ea ne ten\u00ea li qada le\u015fker\u00ee maye, l\u00ea li qan\u00fbn, r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee, perwerde \u00fb qada siv\u00eel bandora xwe \u00e7\u00eakir (Jongerden 2007).<\/p>\n

Ji d\u00eetin\u00ean teoriy\u00ean ewlekar\u00eekirin\u00ea ve, doza kurd \u00ead\u00ee wek\u00ee mijarek siyas\u00ee ya normal ya ji bo dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea di qada gi\u015ft\u00ee de nay\u00ea d\u00eetin, l\u00ea wek\u00ee rew\u015feke “awarte ya ewlehiy\u00ea”t\u00ea \u015f\u00eerovekirin. Ev yek r\u00ea li ber berfirehkirina roleke z\u00eadetir ji bo saziy\u00ean ewleh\u00ee \u00fb dadwer\u00ee vedike \u00fb qada kurd\u00ee di bin \u00e7avd\u00eariya domdar \u00fb dir\u00eaj de dih\u00eale (Buzan, W\u00e6ver, \u00fb de Wilde 1998).<\/p>\n

Ev avahiya ewlehiy\u00ea ne ten\u00ea bi karan\u00eena tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiy\u00ea ya rasterast ve s\u00eenordar b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea rew\u015fa civak\u00ee, demograf\u00eek \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ean kurd\u00ee j\u00ee jin\u00fbve ava kir.<\/p>\n

Di dema sal\u00ean 1990an de, bi taybet\u00ee di bin Rew\u015fa Awarte (OHAL) de, dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya stratejiya xwe ya li dij\u00ee tevger\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee de, pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean berfireh \u00ean ko\u00e7berkirin\u00ea p\u00eak an\u00een \u00fb bi sedan gund\u00ean kurd\u00ee vala kirin.<\/p>\n

Ev p\u00eavajo b\u00fb sedem ku t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb her\u00eama kurd\u00ee de jin\u00fbve were avakirin, ne ten\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea ewlehiy\u00ea ve, l\u00ea herwiha di war\u00ean plan\u00eekirina bajar\u00ee \u00fb avahiya civak\u00ee de j\u00ee guher\u00een\u00ean k\u00fbr \u00e7\u00eakirin (Jongerden 2007).<\/p>\n

\u015eer\u00ea dir\u00eaj \u00fb veguher\u00eena dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di berdewam\u00eeya \u015fer de, ne ten\u00ea tevgera kurd hate guhartin, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea j\u00ee bi xwe di guhartinan re derbas b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

\u015eer\u00ea dir\u00eaj b\u00fb sedem ku rola saziy\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea berfireh bibe, navend\u00eeb\u00fbna dewlet\u00ea xurt bibe \u00fb avahiyeke p\u00ea\u015fket\u00ee ya \u015fer\u00ea li dij\u00ee tevger\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee were p\u00ea\u015fxistin.<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, gir\u00eadana di navbera ewlehiya netewey\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya qada kurd\u00ee de h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee z\u00eade b\u00fb \u00fb ji n\u00fb ve hate r\u00eaxistinkirin.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea guhertina her\u00ee gir\u00eeng pi\u015ft\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena p\u00eavajoya a\u015ftiy\u00ea ya 2015an derket hol\u00ea. Di v\u00ea qonax\u00ea de, dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea ber bi modelek n\u00fb ya p\u00ea\u015fket\u00eetir a \u015fer\u00ea li dij\u00ee \u00e7alakiy\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ve \u00e7\u00fb, ku z\u00eadetir bi dron, hevr\u00eaziya berfireh a \u00eest\u00eexbarat\u00ea \u00fb operasyon\u00ean li dervey\u00ee s\u00eenor bikar an\u00ee. Herwiha, bal\u00ea z\u00eadetir li ser astengkirina avahiya r\u00eaxistin\u00ee ya PKK\u00ea li Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriyey\u00ea hat dan\u00een (Kasapo\u011flu 2021).<\/p>\n

Ev guhertin b\u00fb sedem ku qada operasyon\u00ea ya PKK\u00ea di hundur\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea de bi awayek\u00ee berbi\u00e7av k\u00eam bibe \u00a0\u00fb di heman dem\u00ea de \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya ji bo p\u00eakan\u00eena \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean berfireh j\u00ee, li gor\u00ee demsal\u00ean 1990an \u00fb destp\u00eaka sal\u00ean 2000an, lawaz b\u00fbye.<\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee v\u00ea serkeftina le\u015fker\u00ee, dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea nekar\u00ee serkeftin\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea veguher\u00eene \u00e7areseriyeke siyas\u00ee ya aram ji bo doza kurd.<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, modela \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj \u00ead\u00ee heman ast\u00ea seferberiya siyas\u00ee ya ku pi\u015ft\u00ee 2015an polar\u00eezasyona neteweperest xurt kir, peyda nake.<\/p>\n

Bi k\u00eamb\u00fbna operasyon\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee di nav bajaran de \u00fb z\u00eadeb\u00fbna entegrasyona bajar\u00ee ya kurdan, bandora \u015fer wek am\u00fbrek ji bo afirandina lihevkirina netewey\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee k\u00eam b\u00fbye.<\/p>\n

Guhartin\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, ev guhertin\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea bi veguher\u00een\u00ean gir\u00eeng \u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee di nav Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb her\u00eama kurd\u00ee de re hatin.<\/p>\n

Di dehsal\u00ean daw\u00ee de, her\u00eam\u00ean kurd\u00ee \u015fahidiya p\u00eavajoyeke berfireh a bajarvaniy\u00ea \u00fb entegrasyona k\u00fbrtir di nav aboriya netewey\u00ee de kirin, ligel bilindb\u00fbna \u00e7\u00een\u00ean nav\u00een \u00ean kurd \u00fb berfirehb\u00fbna tor\u00ean perwerdehiy\u00ea \u00fb ko\u00e7beriya navxwey\u00ee (Y\u00f6r\u00fck 2012).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, kurd \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ee an gund\u00ee y\u00ean wek\u00ee demsal\u00ean ber\u00ea kom b\u00fbne, l\u00ea bel\u00ea b\u00fbne be\u015fek gir\u00eeng ji avahiya civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee ya bajar\u00ean mezin \u00ean wek\u00ee Stenbol, \u00cezm\u00eer, Adana \u00fb Mers\u00een.<\/p>\n

Ev guhertin b\u00fb sedem ku xwezaya daxwaz\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean kurdan \u00fb am\u00fbr\u00ean seferberiya wan j\u00ee jin\u00fbve werin te\u015fekirin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fve \u00e7\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, veguher\u00een\u00ean bajar\u00ee \u00fb berfirehb\u00fbna be\u015fdariya her\u00eam\u00ee b\u00fbne sedem ku qada siyas\u00ee ya kurd bi xwe jin\u00fbve were te\u015fekirin.<\/p>\n

Wek encam, \u015faredar\u00ee, qad\u00ean siv\u00eel \u00fb n\u00fbnert\u00eeya her\u00eam\u00ee di siyaseta kurd a li Tirkiyay\u00ea de b\u00fbne h\u00eaman\u00ean her ku di\u00e7e gir\u00eengtir, li k\u00ealeka aktor\u00ean \u00e7ekdar \u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee (Dorronsoro \u00fb Watts 2009; Watts 2010).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee doza kurd ten\u00ea bi am\u00fbr\u00ean ewleh\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee r\u00eave nabe, l\u00ea bi tevlihevkirina r\u00eabaz\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee, p\u00ea\u015fkeftin, al\u00eekariya civak\u00ee \u00fb jin\u00fbve yekkirina abor\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee ya her\u00eama kurd\u00ee w\u00ea bir\u00eave dibe.<\/p>\n

Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck destn\u00ee\u015fan dike ku pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean xizmetguzariya civak\u00ee \u00fb al\u00eekariya dewlet\u00ea di serdema AKP de ne ten\u00ea am\u00fbr\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea b\u00fbn, l\u00ea rolek gir\u00eeng di kontrolkirina aloz\u00eeya siyas\u00ee \u00fb jin\u00fbve avakirina t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb civaka kurd de l\u00eestin, nexasim li dever\u00ean xizan \u00fb bandorxwar\u00ee ji \u015fer(Y\u00f6r\u00fck 2012).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, guhertina di r\u00eavebirina doza kurd de ne ten\u00ea veguher\u00een e ji \u015fer ber bi siyaset\u00ea ve, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ji modela kontrola le\u015fker\u00ee ya rasterast ber bi n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyeke tevlihevtir ve ye.<\/p>\n

Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee ewleh\u00ee, r\u00eaveber\u00ee, entegrasyona abor\u00ee \u00fb kontrola r\u00eaveber\u00ee bi hev re di nav \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke yekgirt\u00ee de bir\u00eave dibe.<\/p>\n

S\u00fbriya \u00fb jin\u00fbveavakirina rew\u015fa her\u00eam\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea, s\u00eenor\u00ean modela \u00e7areseriya le\u015fker\u00ee z\u00eadetir zelal b\u00fbn. Ji aliyek\u00ee ve, guhertin\u00ean li bakur \u00fb rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea \u015fert\u00fbmerc ji bo aktor\u00ean kurd p\u00eak an\u00een ku ezm\u00fbnek r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee ya n\u00fb \u00fb berfireh p\u00ea\u015f bixin, ku bi hevpeymaniyek le\u015fker\u00ee bi Amer\u00eekay\u00ea ya li dij DAI\u015e\u00ea hat pi\u015ftgir\u00eekirin (Gunes \u00fb Lowe 2015).<\/p>\n

Ezm\u00fbna R\u00eaveberiya Xweser j\u00ee aloz\u00ee \u00fb lawaziy\u00ean r\u00eakeftin\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean ku li ser hevsengiy\u00ean guherbar \u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb navnetewey\u00ee t\u00eane avakirin, e\u015fkere kir. Tev\u00ee destkeftiy\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee, projeya kurd li S\u00fbriyey\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee di bin zext\u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb rej\u00eema S\u00fbriyey\u00ea de maye, herwiha bandora guhertin\u00ean siyaseta Amer\u00eeka \u00fb hevsengiy\u00ean berfireh \u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee j\u00ee li ser w\u00ea berdewam e.<\/p>\n

Di aliy\u00ea din de, \u015fer\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea b\u00fb sedem ku dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea berfirehkirina stratejiya xwe ya ewlehiy\u00ea li dervey\u00ee s\u00eenor\u00ean xwe p\u00eak b\u00eene, bi r\u00eaya operasyon\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean rasterast li bakur\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea \u00fb Iraq\u00ea \u00fb avakirina dever\u00ean controlkirina ewleh\u00ee li dervey\u00ee s\u00eenor. \u00a0L\u00ea bel\u00ea, ev berfirehb\u00fbn ne b\u00fb \u00e7areseriyek ji bo doza kurd, l\u00ea bel\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek her\u00eam\u00ee ya tevlihevtir de jin\u00fbve hilberand.<\/p>\n

Herwiha, guhertin\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee 7\u00ea cotmeha 2023yan, gir\u00eadana di navbera hesab\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb fikar\u00ean derbar\u00ea jin\u00fbve\u015fekildana hevsengiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee li S\u00fbriya \u00fb \u00ceran\u00ea de \u00fb ne ten\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya qada kurd\u00ee di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea de, z\u00eade kirine. Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea ve, pirsgir\u00eaka kurd \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea meseleyeke navxwey\u00ee ya dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea ye, l\u00ea b\u00fbye be\u015fek ji jin\u00fbve\u015fekildana j\u00eengeha ewlehiya her\u00eam\u00ee ya li dora Tirkiyay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ji \u00e7areseriya le\u015fker\u00ee ber bi r\u00eaveberiya nakokiyan ve<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, ev veguher\u00een bi hev re n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee gih\u00ee\u015ftiye s\u00eenor\u00ean \u015fiyana xwe ji bo hilberandina aramiya siyas\u00ee ya domdar.<\/p>\n

Dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea di k\u00eamkirina gef\u00ean rasterast \u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean xwe de serkeftin bi dest xistiye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea nekar\u00eeye doza kurd wek mijareke t\u00eakildar\u00ee naskirin\u00ea siyas\u00ee, n\u00fbnert\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya pirrengiy\u00ea di nav komar\u00ea de \u00e7areser bike.<\/p>\n

Di aliy\u00ea din de, tevgera kurd\u00ee nekariye t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee an veguher\u00een\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee veguher\u00eene r\u00eakeftineke siyas\u00ee ya aram \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee domdar \u00fb naskir\u00ee.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea bel\u00ea, ev rew\u015f ne p\u00eaw\u00eest e were f\u00eamkirin wek veguher\u00eenek rasterast ber bi “a\u015ft\u00eey\u00ea”an j\u00ee \u00e7areseriyeke demokrat\u00eek a berfireh, l\u00ea bel\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide r\u00eabaz\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea ya doza ukurd h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee veguher\u00eenek \u00e7\u00eadibe: Ji hewldana “\u00e7areseriya le\u015fker\u00ee” ya gi\u015ft\u00ee ber bi modelek nermtir ve, ku li ser bingeha tevl\u00eekirina s\u00eenorkir\u00ee ya siyas\u00ee, r\u00eaveberiya qan\u00fbn\u00ee, r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb k\u00eamkirina l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea ye, b\u00eay\u00ee ku ev \u015fer tam bidaw\u00ee bike.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, p\u00eavajoya ku ji sala 2024an vir ve dest p\u00ea kiriye, ne t\u00ea wateya tam “bidaw\u00eekirina \u015fer”, l\u00ea bel\u00ea z\u00eadetir hewldanek ji bo jin\u00fbve avakirina t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb qada kurd\u00ee de, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku modela \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj \u00fb s\u00eenor\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya le\u015fker\u00ee ya zexm gih\u00ee\u015ftin ast\u00ean xwe, n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/p>\n

Be\u015fa duyem: Jin\u00fbve avakirina doza kurd ji serhildan\u00ea ber bi r\u00eaveberiya siyas\u00ee ve<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eger be\u015fa ber\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dab\u00fb ku \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj gih\u00ee\u015ftiye s\u00eenor\u00ean \u015fiyana xwe ji bo hilberandina aramiya siyas\u00ee ya domdar, pirsa sereke ya ku li vir derdikeve ev e: Dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee ku modela \u00e7areseriya le\u015fker\u00ee qedand, k\u00eejan model hewl dide ava bike?<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, ev l\u00eakol\u00een destn\u00ee\u015fan dike ku p\u00eavajoya ku ji sala 2024an vir ve dest p\u00ea kiriye ne ten\u00ea armanc dike ku daw\u00ee li tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiya \u00e7ekdar\u00ee b\u00eene, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de hewl dide qada kurd\u00ee di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek saz\u00fbman\u00ee \u00fb qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya r\u00eak\u00fbp\u00eak de jin\u00fbve r\u00eaxistin bike, li ser bingeha tevliheviya entegrasyona siyas\u00ee ya s\u00eenorkir\u00ee, kontrola qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb jin\u00fbve avakirina t\u00eakiliy\u00ean di navbera dewlet \u00fb aktor\u00ean kurd de, b\u00eay\u00ee ku ev p\u00eavajo ne\u00e7ar bike ku bigih\u00eeje jin\u00fbve p\u00eanasekirineke gi\u015ft\u00ee ya neteweperweriya Tirkiyay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea d\u00eetin\u00ea, guhartina hey\u00ee ten\u00ea bi t\u00eageha “a\u015ft\u00eey\u00ea”nay\u00ea f\u00eamkirin, l\u00ea wek\u00ee veguher\u00eenek h\u00ead\u00ee-h\u00ead\u00ee ye ji r\u00eaveberiya \u00e7er bi r\u00eaya \u015fer\u00ea vekir\u00ee ber bi r\u00eaveberiya w\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee qan\u00fbn\u00ee, saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ee \u00fb mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya siyas\u00ee ve.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ima p\u00eavajoya 2024an ji p\u00eavajoya 2013-2015an cuda ye? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee ku di reng\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea derve de, di navbera her du p\u00eavajoyan n\u00eazikb\u00fbn hene, l\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya ku p\u00eavajoya 2024an t\u00ea de p\u00eak t\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee bingeh\u00een ji \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya 2013\u20132015an cuda ye.<\/p>\n

P\u00eavajoya a\u015ftiy\u00ea ya ber\u00ea bi piran\u00ee li ser t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin \u00fb ragihandin\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean neferm\u00ee di navbera hik\u00fbmeta AKP \u00fb Ebdullah Ocalan de ava b\u00fbb\u00fb, b\u00eay\u00ee ku \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya zelal, mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean p\u00eakan\u00eena aram an j\u00ee garantiy\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean hevbe\u015f hebin, ku v\u00ea yek\u00ea hi\u015ft ku li hember guhartin\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee pir qels be (Sarvan 2020).<\/p>\n

\u015eer\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, derketina R\u00eaveberiya Xweser li bakur rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea \u00fb guhertin\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea Kobaniy\u00ea, bi hev re rolek gir\u00eeng di jin\u00fbve rengday\u00eena hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea ya her\u00eam\u00ee de l\u00eestin.<\/p>\n

Ev p\u00eavajo kir ku dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea derketina kurdan a li her\u00eam\u00ea wek\u00ee gefek stratej\u00eek binirx\u00eene, ku ev yek ji bow \u00ea s\u00eenor\u00ea doza kurdan di hundir\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea de j\u00ee derbas dike.<\/p>\n

Ar\u00een Yavuz Savran di l\u00eakol\u00eena xwe ya li ser t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna p\u00eavajoya a\u015ftiy\u00ea ya Tirkiya\u2013Kurdan de destn\u00ee\u015fan dike ku hilwe\u015f\u00eena p\u00eavajoya 2013\u20132015 ne ten\u00ea encama k\u00eamasiya baweriy\u00ea an lawazb\u00fbna saziyan b\u00fbn. L\u00ea bel\u00ea, gir\u00eaday\u00ee guhertin\u00ean hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea y\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea b\u00fbn, ji ber ku dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea derketina aktor\u00ean kurd \u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee wek\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbnek d\u00eet ku dikare qada kurd\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee jin\u00fbve reng bide \u00fb hevsengiy\u00ean kevne\u015fop\u00ee y\u00ean nav Tirkiya \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ea bike nav metirsiy\u00ea (Savran 2020).<\/p>\n

P\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee sal\u00ean z\u00eadeb\u00fbna \u015fer, di demek\u00ea de ku \u015fiyana PKK\u00ea ya ji bo \u00e7alakiy\u00ea di nav Tirkiyay\u00ea de k\u00eam b\u00fbye \u00fb destwerdan\u00ean s\u00eenor\u00ee y\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea berfireh b\u00fbne, p\u00eak t\u00ea. Di heman dem\u00ea de bi guhertin\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee di hundir\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea de \u00fb haw\u00eerdorek her\u00eam\u00ee ya pir aloztir pi\u015ft\u00ee 7\u00ea cotmeha 2023an re t\u00eakildar e. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, pirsa navend\u00ee \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea rawestandina \u015fer e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea r\u00eaxistinkirina qada kurd\u00ee ye pi\u015ft\u00ee qedandina modela \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj.<\/p>\n

\n

Ocalan \u00fb guhertina ji \u015fer ber bi r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ve<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee anal\u00eezkirina guhartina rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ya di gotara Ebdullah Ocalan de ji dema girtina w\u00ee di sala 1999an de nay\u00ea f\u00eamkirin. Ji w\u00ea dem\u00ea ve, Ocalan h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee ji modela dewleta netewey\u00ee ya kurd wek\u00ee armanca daw\u00een a tevger\u00ea d\u00fbr ketiye, li \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea t\u00eageh\u00ean wek\u00ee “neteweya demokrat\u00eek”, “konfederal\u00eezma demokrat\u00eek” \u00fb “xwer\u00eaveberiya demokrat\u00eek” p\u00ea\u015fniyar kiriye (\u00d6calan 2011).<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev guhartin div\u00ea ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee rev\u00eezyonek rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee ya abstrakt were f\u00eamkirin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea wek\u00ee \u00eefadeyek hi\u015fmendiya z\u00eade ya li ser s\u00eenorkirin\u00ean \u015ferek\u00ee dir\u00eajkir\u00ee \u00fb astengiy\u00ean modelek dewleta netewey\u00ee ya hi\u015fk di nav \u00e7ar\u00e7ov\u00ean Tirkiya \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee de.<\/p>\n

Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea ve, armanca sereke ya tevgera kurd – an j\u00ee qet nebe be\u015fek gir\u00eeng a gotara w\u00ea ya siyas\u00ee – \u00ead\u00ee ne avakirina dewletek netewey\u00ee ya serbixwe ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea\u00a0 jin\u00fbveorgan\u00eezekirina t\u00eakiliya di navbera kurdan \u00fb dewlet\u00ea de di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean nermtir \u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee, tems\u00eeliyeta siyas\u00ee, naskirina \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb jin\u00fbvedabe\u015fkirina h\u00eaz\u00ea di qada siyas\u00ee de ye.<\/p>\n

Hin l\u00eakol\u00eenan ev guhartin wek\u00ee veguher\u00eenek \u00eedeoloj\u00eek di nav tevgera kurd de \u015f\u00eerove kirine, ji modela rizgariya netewey\u00ee \u00fb dewletek serbixwe ber bi model\u00ean demokrasiya rad\u00eekal, r\u00eaveberiya xweser \u00fb nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee ve di\u00e7e, nemaze pi\u015ft\u00ee girtina Ocalan di sala 1999an de \u00fb jin\u00fbveformulekirina gotara siyas\u00ee ya tevgera kurd (Akkaya \u00fb Jongerden 2012; Gunes 2020).<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee din, helwesta Ocalan di nav p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee de ji helwesta w\u00ee ya di qonax\u00ean ber\u00ea de cuda ye. Ji bo dewleta tirk, ew \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee serok\u00ea tevgerek \u00e7ekdar\u00ee t\u00ea d\u00eetin, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de wek\u00ee aktor\u00ea ku her\u00ee z\u00eade dikare her veguher\u00eenek ji t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ber bi tevl\u00eab\u00fbna siyas\u00ee rewa bike t\u00ea d\u00eetin. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, di be\u015fek gir\u00eeng a tevgera kurd de, ew h\u00een j\u00ee helwestek sembol\u00eek \u00fb r\u00eaxistin\u00ee dipar\u00eaze ku dih\u00eale ew bandor\u00ea li ser r\u00ea\u00e7a veguher\u00een\u00ean hey\u00ee bike.<\/p>\n

Gelek kom\u00ean kurd\u00ee serkeftina p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee bi jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirina statuya yasay\u00ee ya Ocalan wek\u00ee desthilatdariya siyas\u00ee ya sereke ku dikare veguheztina ji t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ber bi dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb saz\u00fbman\u00ee ve bi r\u00ea ve bibe ve gir\u00ea dane. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, daxwaz\u00ean der bar\u00ea p\u00eakan\u00eena “maf\u00ea h\u00eaviy\u00ea” \u00fb r\u00eadana berfirehkirina kanal\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb yasay\u00ee y\u00ean ragihandin\u00ea bi w\u00ee re di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya p\u00eavajoya berdewam de derketine hol\u00ea (Yek\u00eeneya L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean Tirk\u00ee 2026).<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, n\u00eeqa\u015fa mezinb\u00fby\u00ee ya li dora “maf\u00ea h\u00eaviy\u00ea”, \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean girtina w\u00ee \u00fb \u00eeht\u00eemala day\u00eena rolek dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea an yasay\u00ee ji w\u00ee re ne ten\u00ea bi doza w\u00ee ya takekes\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi helwesta w\u00ee di nav p\u00eavajoya jin\u00fbvesazkirina t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb tevgera kurd\u00ee de j\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Raport\u00ean daw\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku serkeftina p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee her ku di\u00e7e bi \u015fiyana Ocalan ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye ku di her veguheztinek r\u00eak\u00fbp\u00eak de ber bi bidaw\u00eean\u00eena t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ve rola “navbeynkar\u00ea sereke” an “navbeynkar\u00ea navxwey\u00ee” bil\u00eeze (Al-Monitor 2025).<\/p>\n

Erdogan \u00fb guhartin\u00ean di nav dewlet\u00ea de<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bi guhartin\u00ean di nav tevgera kurd de ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi jin\u00fbveavakirina hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea di nav dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea de j\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Di sal\u00ean daw\u00ee de, pergala siyas\u00ee ya Tirkiyay\u00ea bi zehmetiy\u00ean abor\u00ee y\u00ean dir\u00eaj \u00fb k\u00eamb\u00fbnek nisb\u00ee di serdestiya hilbijartin\u00ea ya Partiya Edalet \u00fb Ge\u015fep\u00eadan\u00ea (AKP) de, ligel guhertin\u00ean di \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean polar\u00eezasyona siyas\u00ee de \u00fb k\u00eamb\u00fbna bandora seferberiya neteweperest a kevne\u015fop\u00ee li gor\u00ee serdema pi\u015ft\u00ee 2015an re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb maye.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, pirsgir\u00eaka kurd xuya dike ku be\u015fek ji p\u00eavajoyek berfirehtir e ku bi jin\u00fbveorgan\u00eezekirina peyzaja siyas\u00ee \u00fb hilbijartin\u00ea di nav Tirkiyay\u00ea de ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, ne ten\u00ea mijarek ewlehiy\u00ea ya cuda.<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee din, windakirina hevpeymaniya desthilatdar di hilbijartin\u00ean \u015faredariy\u00ea y\u00ean 2024an de be\u015fdar\u00ee jin\u00fbvenirxandina l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbna polar\u00eezasyona neteweperest a t\u00fbj a berdewam kir, nemaze ji ber gir\u00eengiya z\u00eade ya deng\u00ean kurdan li bajar\u00ean mezin.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, guhartina her\u00ee gir\u00eeng di helwesta guh\u00earbar a dezgeha ewlehiya neteweperwer bi xwe de ye. Di p\u00eavajoya 2013-2015an de, n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbna bi Ocalan \u00fb PKKy\u00ea re rast\u00ee dijberiyeke berfireh a neteweperwer hat, l\u00ea p\u00eavajoya niha bi kesayet\u00ean neteweperwer \u00ean navdar – bi taybet\u00ee Devlet Bah\u00e7eli – p\u00eak t\u00ea ku pi\u015ftgir\u00ee didin hin aliy\u00ean p\u00eavajoy\u00ea an j\u00ee ji bo p\u00eaw\u00eestiya avakirina \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek siyas\u00ee \u00fb yasay\u00ee ji bo w\u00ea par\u00eazvaniy\u00ea dikin.<\/p>\n

Ev nay\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku dezgeha neteweperwer a tirk dev ji t\u00eagihna xwe ya kevne\u015fop\u00ee ya yek\u00eetiya dewlet\u00ea berdaye, l\u00ea ew n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku guhartineke be\u015f\u00ee di p\u00eanaseya “berjewendiya netewey\u00ee” de heye. Li \u015f\u00fbna ku her veb\u00fbnek siyas\u00ee ya ber bi tevgera kurd ve wek\u00ee gefek bi xwe bib\u00eenin, be\u015f\u00ean di nav dezgeha ewlehiya netewey\u00ee de dest p\u00ea kirine ku bib\u00eenin ku bir\u00eavebirina dawiya t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ya tevgera kurd bi awayek\u00ee kontrolkir\u00ee dibe ku ji berdewamiya \u015fer\u00ea vekir\u00ee erzantir \u00fb aramtir be.<\/p>\n

Ji \u015fer ber bi r\u00eaveberiya yasay\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yek ji guhartin\u00ean her\u00ee gir\u00eeng di p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee de veguhestina gav bi gav a n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ea ji qada le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiy\u00ea ber bi qada yasay\u00ee \u00fb saz\u00fbman\u00ee ye. Di navbera sal\u00ean 2025-2026an de, li ser qan\u00fbn\u00ean taybet\u00ee y\u00ean p\u00eavajoy\u00ea, kom\u00eetey\u00ean parleman\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaziknamey\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee b\u00ea\u00e7ekkirin\u00ea, ligel reform\u00ean yasay\u00ee y\u00ean derbar\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb tems\u00eeliyeta siyas\u00ee de, n\u00eeqa\u015f z\u00eade b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee din, daxuyaniy\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala r\u00eaber\u00ean kurd \u00fb Partiya Wekhev\u00ee \u00fb Demokrasiya Gelan (DEM) ve hatine day\u00een, serkeftina p\u00eavajoy\u00ea bi pejirandina “qan\u00fbn\u00ean a\u015ftiy\u00ea” \u00fb p\u00eakan\u00eena reform\u00ean yasay\u00ee ve gir\u00eadidin ku d\u00ea berfirehkirina qada siyas\u00ee \u00fb siv\u00eel a kurd, di nav de maf\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee, ziman\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ee, garant\u00ee bikin (Al Jazeera Arabic 2025).<\/p>\n

Herwiha qonaxa hey\u00ee \u015fahidiya n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean z\u00eade y\u00ean li ser avakirina \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek yasay\u00ee \u00fb saziy\u00ee ji bo r\u00eakxistina veguhastina ji t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee bo qada siyas\u00ee kiriye. Ev mijar\u00ean wek\u00ee b\u00ea\u00e7ekkirin, jin\u00fbvebic\u00eehkirina \u015fervanan, reform\u00ean dadwer\u00ee, r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb qan\u00fbna “maf\u00ea h\u00eaviy\u00ea” ya bi Ocalan ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee vedihew\u00eene. Kom\u00eeteya Hevgirtina Netewey\u00ee, Birat\u00ee \u00fb Demokrasiy\u00ea ya Parlamentoya Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00e7end ji van mijaran di nav p\u00ea\u015fniyar\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee qan\u00fbn\u00ean dij\u00ee teror\u00ea, statuya \u015faredariyan \u00fb garantiy\u00ean yasay\u00ee y\u00ean ji bo serdema pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer de n\u00eeqa\u015f kir (Yek\u00eeneya L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean Tirk\u00ee 2026).<\/p>\n

Raport\u00ean din j\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku di nav Parlamentoya Tirkiyay\u00ea de n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean berdewam \u00ean li ser avakirina kom\u00eeteyek siyas\u00ee-yasay\u00ee ji bo \u00e7avd\u00eariya p\u00eavajoy\u00ea, herwiha guhartin\u00ean potansiyel \u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee r\u00eaveberan \u015faredariyan, hin madey\u00ean qan\u00fbna dij\u00ee teror\u00ea \u00fb mijara “maf\u00ea h\u00eaviy\u00ea” ya bi Ocalan ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee hene (France 24 Arabic 2025; Al Majalla 2025).<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev veguher\u00eena bo \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek yasay\u00ee ne hewce ye ku veguher\u00eenek demokrat\u00eek a berfireh n\u00ee\u015fan bide. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew dikare hewldanek n\u00ee\u015fan bide ji bo jin\u00fbveorgan\u00eezekirina qada kurd\u00ee di modelek ewlehiy\u00ea ya aramtir \u00fb k\u00eamtir l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbn de, di heman dem\u00ea de s\u00eenor\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean ku ji h\u00eala dewleta netewey\u00ee ya tirk ve hatine ferzkirin bipar\u00eaze.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eektir\u00ee modelek “r\u00eaveberiya siyas\u00ee-ewlehiy\u00ea ya h\u00eebr\u00eed” xuya dike, ku entegrasyona s\u00eenorkir\u00ee, dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirin, kontrola yasay\u00ee \u00fb berdewamiya hin tedb\u00eer\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea bi hev re dike.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, p\u00eavajoya berdewam ne bidaw\u00eeb\u00fbnek tevah\u00ee ya pev\u00e7\u00fbna tirk-kurd tems\u00eel dike, l\u00ea bel\u00ea guhertinek di am\u00fbr\u00ean ku ji bo bir\u00eavebirina w\u00ea t\u00eane bi kar an\u00een \u00fb xwezaya t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb qada kurd\u00ee de pi\u015ft\u00ee xilasb\u00fbna modela \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eajkir\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Be\u015fa s\u00eayem: Aboriya siyas\u00ee ya entegrasyon \u00fb ragirtin\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pirsgir\u00eaka kurd li Tirkiyay\u00ea ne ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya tedb\u00eer\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea t\u00ea bir\u00eavebirin. Li k\u00ealeka le\u015fker\u00eekirin, sepandina qan\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb dij-teror\u00eezm\u00ea, dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea di dehsal\u00ean daw\u00ee de am\u00fbr\u00ean din j\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fxistiye da ku qada kurd\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve bir\u00eaxistin bike, di nav de p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn, al\u00eekariya civak\u00ee, r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya bajar\u00ee. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, t\u00eagiha\u015ftina p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee hewce dike ku meriv w\u00ea ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee veguheztinek ji \u015fer ber bi siyaset\u00ea ve bib\u00eene, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de wek\u00ee veguheztinek ji kontrola le\u015fker\u00ee ya rasterast ber bi modelek berfirehtir a dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirina civak\u00ee-abor\u00ee \u00fb \u00eedar\u00ee ve j\u00ee bib\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Xebata civaknas\u00ea tirk Erdem Y\u00f6r\u00fck li ser al\u00eekariya civak\u00ee \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbna kurdan di nav l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean her\u00ee gir\u00eeng de ye ku v\u00ea guhartin\u00ea \u00e7areser dike. Y\u00f6r\u00fck \u00eed\u00eea dike ku bernamey\u00ean al\u00eekariya civak\u00ee li Tirkiyay\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee nehevseng ber bi kurdan \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean kurd\u00ee ve, nemaze kes\u00ean ku ji nav baj\u00ear ko\u00e7ber b\u00fbne, hatine r\u00eavekirin \u00fb ev newekhev\u00ee ten\u00ea bi xizaniy\u00ea nay\u00ea ravekirin. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew bi karan\u00eena refaha civak\u00ee wek\u00ee am\u00fbrek ji bo ragirtina nearamiya siyas\u00ee ya kurdan ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Ew encam dide ku dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea ne ten\u00ea li cih\u00ea ku xizan\u00ee heye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de li cih\u00ea ku xizan dibin siyas\u00ee j\u00ee al\u00eekariy\u00ea peyda dike (Y\u00f6r\u00fck 2012).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea watey\u00ea de, entegrasyona abor\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee wek\u00ee alternat\u00eefek tevah\u00ee ya ewlekar\u00eekirin\u00ea xuya nake, l\u00ea bel\u00ea wek\u00ee berfirehkirina w\u00ea bi r\u00eabaz\u00ean cuda xuya dike. Dewlet ne ten\u00ea \u015fiyan\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean PKKy\u00ea k\u00eam dike, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de hewl dide ku qada civak\u00ee ya ku tevgera kurd hi\u015ft ku berdewam bike \u00fb berfireh bibe ji n\u00fb ve \u015fekil bide. Ev yek entegrekirina kom\u00ean kurd \u00ean xizan di nav tor\u00ean xizmetguzariy\u00ea de, berfirehkirina heb\u00fbna dewlet\u00ea li bajar\u00ean kurdan \u00fb gir\u00eadana nif\u00fbsa her\u00eam\u00ee bi saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea re bi r\u00eaya xizmetguzar\u00ee, al\u00eekar\u00ee \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea vedihew\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Ev al\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee p\u00eal\u00ean ko\u00e7beriya navxwey\u00ee di sal\u00ean 1990\u00ee de gir\u00eengiyek taybet\u00ee bi dest xist. Siyaset\u00ean awarte \u00fb ko\u00e7beriy\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ean kurdan b\u00fbn sedema ko\u00e7beriyek mezin a nif\u00fbs\u00ea ji gundan ber bi bajaran ve, hem li ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea rojhilat\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb hem j\u00ee ber bi bajar\u00ean mezin \u00ean li rojavay\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea. Li gor\u00ee Y\u00f6r\u00fck, ev guhertin be\u015fdar\u00ee afirandina proletaryayek kurd a xizan a bajar\u00ee b\u00fb ku b\u00fb be\u015fek gir\u00eeng a siyaseta bajar\u00ee, hilbijartin\u00ea \u00fb civak\u00ee li Tirkiyay\u00ea (Y\u00f6r\u00fck 2012).<\/p>\n

Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, pirsa kurd \u00ead\u00ee bi \u00e7iya, s\u00eenor an gundan ve s\u00eenordar n\u00eene, l\u00ea di tax\u00ean xizan, \u015faredariyan, bazara kar a neferm\u00ee, tor\u00ean xizmetguzariya civak\u00ee \u00fb siyaset\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fkeftina her\u00eam\u00ee de heye. Gir\u00eengiya v\u00ea guhartin\u00ea di ravekirina w\u00ea de ye ku \u00e7ima modela dijle\u015fker\u00ee bi tena ser\u00ea xwe \u00ead\u00ee t\u00ear\u00ea nake. Qada kurd\u00ee \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea qadeke le\u015fker\u00ee ye, l\u00ea b\u00fbye qadeke berfireh a bajar\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee ku am\u00fbr\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea y\u00ean tevlihevtir hewce dike.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, “entegrasyona siyas\u00ee ya kontrolkir\u00ee” dikare wek\u00ee be\u015fek ji aboriyek siyas\u00ee ya berfirehtir a dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirin\u00ea were f\u00eamkirin. Ew ne naskirina siyas\u00ee ya tevah\u00ee ya kurdan, ne j\u00ee jin\u00fbveavakirina komar\u00ea li ser bingehek piral\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide, l\u00ea bel\u00ea berfirehkirinek s\u00eenorkir\u00ee \u00fb hesabkir\u00ee ya kanal\u00ean ji bo entegrasyona civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide, di heman dem\u00ea de dewlet \u015fiyana kontrolkirina s\u00eenor\u00ean v\u00ea entegrasyon\u00ea bi qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb \u00eedar\u00ee dipar\u00eaze.<\/p>\n

R\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee wek\u00ee yek ji qad\u00ean her\u00ee gir\u00eeng \u00ean v\u00ea aloziy\u00ea derdikeve hol\u00ea. Ji aliyek\u00ee ve, \u015faredariy\u00ean kurd qadeke navend\u00ee ji bo \u00eefadeya siyas\u00ee, xizmetguzar\u00ee \u00fb tems\u00eeliyeta her\u00eam\u00ee tems\u00eel dikin. Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, dewlet\u00ea bi berdewam\u00ee ew wek\u00ee qadeke potansiyel ji bo vejandina bandora siyas\u00ee ya kurd bi kar aniye, nemaze bi r\u00eaya tawanbarkirin\u00ean gir\u00eadana bi PKKy\u00ea re. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, siyaseta tay\u00eenkirina qey\u00fbman ji bo \u015faredariy\u00ean hilbijart\u00ee m\u00eenakeke zelal a t\u00eakiliya di navbera entegrasyon \u00fb kontrol\u00ea de tems\u00eel dike: Dewlet dest\u00fbr\u00ea dide be\u015fdarb\u00fbna hilbijartin\u00ea l\u00ea maf\u00ea xwe dipar\u00eaze ku dema ku wek\u00ee gefek ewleh\u00ee an siyas\u00ee were \u015f\u00eerovekirin, encam\u00ean w\u00ea asteng bike.<\/p>\n

Nicole Watts di l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean xwe y\u00ean li ser siyaseta her\u00eam\u00ee ya kurd li Tirkiyay\u00ea de n\u00eeqa\u015f kir ku ji sal\u00ean 1990\u00ee vir ve \u015faredariy\u00ean kurd \u00e7awa b\u00fbne qad\u00ean alternat\u00eef ji bo ji n\u00fb ve hilberandina nasnameya siyas\u00ee ya kurd \u00fb avakirina tor\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb xizmet\u00ea y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb wan kirine \u00e7avkaniyek domdar a aloziy\u00ea bi dewleta navend\u00ee re (Watts 2010).<\/p>\n

Ev mijar bi taybet\u00ee ji bo p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee gir\u00eeng e, ji ber ku rapor\u00ean daw\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean parleman\u00ee li ser \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya p\u00eavajoy\u00ea guhertin\u00ean potansiyel \u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee d\u00fbrxistina \u015faredar\u00ean hilbijart\u00ee \u00fb tay\u00eenkirina mufet\u00ee\u015fan \u00fb herwiha n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean li ser “maf\u00ea h\u00eaviy\u00ea” y\u00ea Ocalan \u00fb hin r\u00eaziknamey\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee b\u00ea\u00e7ekkirin\u00ea vedihew\u00eene. Raporek ku ji h\u00eala France 24 Arabic ve li ser n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean parleman\u00ee y\u00ean li dora p\u00eavajoya n\u00fb hat\u00ee we\u015fandin destn\u00ee\u015fan kir ku hik\u00fbmeta Tirkiyay\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya p\u00eavajoya berdewam de pak\u00eatek reform\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb qan\u00fbn\u00ean dij\u00ee-teror\u00ea dinirx\u00eene (France 24 Arabic 2026). Kovara El-Majala, di raporek anal\u00eet\u00eek a bi nav\u00ea “Tirkiya\u2026 nakokiya dest\u00fbr\u00ee P\u00eavajoya A\u015ftiy\u00ea asteng dike”, n\u00eeqa\u015fa berdewam a di nav dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea de li ser s\u00eenor\u00ean reform\u00ean gengaz b\u00eay\u00ee ku avahiya navend\u00ee ya komar\u00ea t\u00eak bibe, nirxand (Al Majalla 2025).<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev nay\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku dewlet ber bi nenavend\u00eekirineke demokrat\u00eek a berfireh ve di\u00e7e. Guman ew e ku ti\u015ft\u00ea ku diqewime hewldanek e ji bo jin\u00fbvesererastkirina t\u00eakiliya bi qada kurdan re, vekirina hin kanal\u00ean ji bo entegrasyona siyas\u00ee \u00fb qan\u00fbn\u00ee di heman dem\u00ea de parastina \u015fiyana dewleta navend\u00ee ya destwerdan\u00ea dema ku p\u00eaw\u00eest be. Xwezaya h\u00eebr\u00eed a p\u00eavajoy\u00ea li vir e: Ne tepeserkirina le\u015fker\u00ee ya saf e \u00fb ne j\u00ee \u00e7areseriyek demokrat\u00eek a berfireh e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea modelek e ku entegrasyon \u00fb dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirin\u00ea bi hev re dike yek.<\/p>\n

Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, aboriya siyas\u00ee ya p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee e\u015fkere dike ku dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea hewl dide qonaxa pi\u015ft\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee bi s\u00ea am\u00fbr\u00ean hevgirt\u00ee bi r\u00ea ve bibe: K\u00eamkirina \u015fiyan\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean tevgera \u00e7ekdar\u00ee, berfirehkirina kanal\u00ean s\u00eenorkir\u00ee ji bo entegrasyona civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee \u00fb parastina kontrol\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb \u00eedar\u00ee y\u00ean ku r\u00ea li ber p\u00ea\u015fketina entegrasyon\u00ea bo naskirina siyas\u00ee ya tevah\u00ee digirin.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, serkeftina p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bi b\u00ea\u00e7ekb\u00fbn\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi w\u00ea yek\u00ea ve j\u00ee gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye ka gelo dewlet d\u00ea bih\u00eale ku entegrasyon ji am\u00fbrek dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirin\u00ea veguhere r\u00eayeke siyas\u00ee ya aram. Ger entegrasyon \u015fert\u00ee, s\u00eenorkir\u00ee bim\u00eene \u00fb bi wesayet \u00fb zordariya qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya berdewam re be, p\u00eavajo dibe ku aramiya ewlehiy\u00ea ya demkurt \u00e7\u00eabike, l\u00ea ew \u00ea kok\u00ean pirsa kurd saxlem bih\u00eale. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ger entegrasyon bi reform\u00ean rast\u00een \u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb saz\u00fbman\u00ee di r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee, tems\u00eeliyeta siyas\u00ee \u00fb maf\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee de were, ew dikare bibe xalek ketin\u00ea ji bo \u00e7areseriyeke domdartir.<\/p>\n

Be\u015fa \u00e7arem: S\u00eenor\u00ean p\u00eavajoya n\u00fb \u00fb p\u00eakaniy\u00ean w\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee veguher\u00een\u00ean ku di t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb tevgera kurd de \u00e7\u00eadibin, p\u00eavajoya berdewam h\u00een j\u00ee ji h\u00eala nakokiy\u00ean k\u00fbr \u00ean avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea ve t\u00ea r\u00eavebirin ku p\u00ea\u015feroja w\u00ea ji gelek \u00eehtimalan re vekir\u00ee dih\u00eale. Her \u00e7end p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean hey\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku gav bi gav ji \u015fer\u00ea vekir\u00ee ber bi r\u00eavebirineke saz\u00fbman\u00eetir a pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea ve di\u00e7e, ev nay\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea ber bi \u00e7areseriyeke demokrat\u00eek a berfireh an j\u00ee naskirina siyas\u00ee ya tevah\u00ee ya kurdan wek\u00ee komeke p\u00eakhat\u00ee di nav komar\u00ea de ve di\u00e7e.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, pirsa navend\u00ee ne ten\u00ea \u00eeht\u00eemala bidaw\u00eean\u00eena tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiya \u00e7ekdar\u00ee, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de xwezaya pergala siyas\u00ee ya ku dibe ku ji dawiya \u015fer derkeve hol\u00ea j\u00ee eleqedar dike.<\/p>\n

Cudahiya di navbera retor\u00eek \u00fb prat\u00eek\u00ea de<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yek ji nakokiy\u00ean her\u00ee berbi\u00e7av \u00ean p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee, cudahiya domdar di navbera retor\u00eeka “normal\u00eezekirin” an “a\u015ft\u00ee” \u00fb prat\u00eek\u00ean ewleh\u00ee \u00fb yasay\u00ee y\u00ean li ser erd\u00ea de ye. Her \u00e7end behsa qan\u00fbn\u00ean a\u015ftiy\u00ea, jin\u00fbvevej\u00een\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7areseriy\u00ean siyas\u00ee t\u00ea kirin j\u00ee, siyaset\u00ean tay\u00eenkirina qey\u00fbman ji bo \u015faredariy\u00ean kurd, doz\u00ean li gor\u00ee qan\u00fbn\u00ean teror\u00ea \u00fb s\u00eenordarkirin\u00ean li ser qad\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb siv\u00eel \u00ean kurd b\u00eanavber berdewam dikin.<\/p>\n

Ev nakok\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku dewleta tirk bi tevah\u00ee avahiya ewlekar\u00eekirin\u00ea ya ku di dehsal\u00ean ber\u00ea de hatib\u00fb avakirin terk nekiriye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea hewl dide ku w\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek yasay\u00ee \u00fb saz\u00fbman\u00eetir de jin\u00fbvebir\u00eaxistin bike. Bi gotineke din, veguher\u00eena berdewam dibe ku veguher\u00eenek ji ewlekar\u00eekirina le\u015fker\u00ee ya rasterast ber bi form\u00ean nermtir \u00ean kontrola yasay\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan bide.<\/p>\n

Kovara El-Majala di rapora xwe ya li ser p\u00eavajoya n\u00fb de behsa v\u00ea nakokiy\u00ea kir \u00fb destn\u00ee\u015fan kir ku nakokiy\u00ean di nav dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea de ne ten\u00ea li ser away\u00ea bidaw\u00eean\u00eena pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de li ser s\u00eenor\u00ean reform\u00ean gengaz b\u00eay\u00ee ku avahiya navend\u00ee \u00fb neteweperest a komar\u00ea t\u00eak bibe j\u00ee dizivirin (Al Majalla 2025).<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee din, n\u00eeqa\u015fa berdewam a li ser wesayetan, girtin\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb qan\u00fbn\u00ean dij\u00ee-teror\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku qada kurd\u00ee h\u00een j\u00ee, bi k\u00eaman\u00ee be\u015fek j\u00ea, bi perspekt\u00eefa gef\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea t\u00ea d\u00eetin, heta di qonaxa “entegrasyon\u00ea” de j\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Sekin\u00eena p\u00eavajoy\u00ea di sala 2026an de, s\u00eenordarkirin\u00ean berdewam \u00ean serdan\u00ean Ocalan \u00fb p\u00eakan\u00eena h\u00ead\u00ee ya reform\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean ku hatine n\u00eeqa\u015fkirin guman\u00ean di nav derdor\u00ean kurd\u00ee de di derbar\u00ea asta veguher\u00eena berdewam \u00fb amadeb\u00fbna dewlet\u00ea ji bo derbasb\u00fbna ji retor\u00eeka siyas\u00ee ber bi guhertina saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya rast\u00een ve xurt kirine (Yek\u00eeneya L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean Tirk\u00ee 2026).<\/p>\n

S\u00eenor\u00ean yekb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee di heman dem\u00ea de pirsek li ser xwezaya “yekb\u00fbn\u00ea” derdixe hol\u00ea. Dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea xuya dike ku amade ye hin kanal\u00ean be\u015fdariya siyas\u00ee \u00fb yasay\u00ee ya kurdan berfireh bike, l\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee amadeb\u00fbnek zelal n\u00ee\u015fan nedaye ku bingeh\u00ean neteweperestiya navend\u00ee y\u00ean ku komar li ser wan hatiye avakirin ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanase bike.<\/p>\n

Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, “yekb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee ya kontrolkir\u00ee” dibe ku r\u00ea bide berfirehkirina qada siyas\u00ee \u00fb yasay\u00ee, jin\u00fbvevejandina hin aktor\u00ean ber\u00ea, \u00fb k\u00eamkirina tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiy\u00ea, l\u00ea ne hewce ye ku ev yek naskirina dest\u00fbr\u00ee ya kurdan, veguhastina modelek piral\u00ee ya berfireh, an j\u00ee jin\u00fbvedabe\u015fkirina bingeh\u00een a h\u00eaz\u00ea di navbera navend \u00fb derdor\u00ea de n\u00ee\u015fan bide.<\/p>\n

L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean Mihemed, Romano \u00fb y\u00ean din \u00ean li ser nakokiya kurdan n\u00ee\u015fan dane ku bingeha kr\u00eez\u00ea ne ten\u00ea bi tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee, p\u00ea\u015fkeftin, an j\u00ee marj\u00eenal\u00eezekirina abor\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi mijara naskirina siyas\u00ee \u00fb nasnameya kom\u00ee ve j\u00ee gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye (Mohammed and Romano 2025). Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea ve, her p\u00eavajoyek ku ten\u00ea li ser aramiya ewlehiy\u00ea disekine b\u00eay\u00ee ku pirsa naskirin\u00ea \u00e7areser bike, dibe ku kapas\u00eeteya w\u00ea ya ji bo hilberandina \u00e7areseriyek may\u00eende s\u00eenordar be.<\/p>\n

Nicole Watts \u00fb l\u00eakol\u00eener\u00ean din j\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fan kirine ku rage\u015fiya di navbera navend\u00eeb\u00fbna dewleta netewey\u00ee \u00fb daxwaz\u00ean kurdan \u00ean ji bo tems\u00eelkirin \u00fb naskirin\u00ea de yek ji sab\u00eet\u00ean bingeh\u00een maye ku p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea bi r\u00ea ve biriye, heta di dem\u00ean veb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee ya heta radeyek\u00ea vekir\u00ee de j\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Pirb\u00fbna aktor\u00ean kurd \u00fb hesab\u00ean wan \u00ean cuda<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, “tevgera kurd” nikare wek\u00ee blokek siyas\u00ee ya bi tevah\u00ee yekgirt\u00ee were hesibandin. Di navbera PKK, Partiya Wekhev\u00ee \u00fb Demokrasiy\u00ea ya Gelan, R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea \u00fb aktor\u00ean kurd \u00ean li d\u00eeasporaya ewropay\u00ee de cudah\u00ee hene.<\/p>\n

Her \u00e7end PKK dibe ku bi r\u00eavebirina veguher\u00eenek r\u00eak\u00fbp\u00eak ji t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee ber bi qada siyas\u00ee ve eleqedar be j\u00ee, h\u00eaz\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean Kurd \u00ean ku bi qan\u00fbn\u00ee hatine naskirin di nav Tirkiyay\u00ea de di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya p\u00ea\u015f\u00eeniy\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee hilbijartin, r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb maf\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb siv\u00eel de dixebitin.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyey\u00ea bi pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean cuda y\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee p\u00ea\u015feroja rej\u00eema S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, t\u00eakiliya w\u00ea bi Amer\u00eeka, zexta Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean h\u00eaza her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean berfirehtir re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb dim\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, her p\u00eavajoyek siyas\u00ee di nav Tirkiyay\u00ea de d\u00ea ji h\u00eala p\u00ea\u015f\u00eeniy\u00ean cih\u00eareng \u00ean aktor\u00ean kurd bi xwe ve bandor bim\u00eene, ne ten\u00ea ji h\u00eala t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb PKKy\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

Herwiha, civaka kurd li Tirkiyay\u00ea blokek civak\u00ee an siyas\u00ee ya homojen p\u00eak nayne. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew ji aktor \u00fb tebeqey\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean cih\u00eareng p\u00eak t\u00ea, di nav de partiy\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee, el\u00eet\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, \u00e7\u00een\u00ean nav\u00een \u00ean bajar\u00ee, r\u00eaxistin\u00ean civaka siv\u00eel \u00fb tor\u00ean abor\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee, ku hem\u00ee di p\u00ea\u015f\u00eeniy\u00ean xwe \u00fb n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean t\u00eakiliya xwe bi dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea re ji hev cuda ne. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, aramiya her p\u00eavajoyek siyas\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bi t\u00eagiha\u015ftinek di navbera dewlet \u00fb PKKy\u00ea de, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya \u00e7\u00eakirina me\u015fr\u00fbiyeta civak\u00ee ya berfirehtir di nav civaka kurd de j\u00ee gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye (Watts 2010; Gunes 2020).<\/p>\n

Kr\u00eez wek\u00ee kr\u00eezeke nasname \u00fb rewab\u00fbn\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

W\u00eaney\u00ean daw\u00ee y\u00ean li ser “ewlehiya ontoloj\u00eek” \u00fb nakokiy\u00ean nasnamey\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku hin nakok\u00ee ne ten\u00ea ji ber berjewendiy\u00ean mad\u00ee an hesab\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ji ber fikar\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee nasnameya kolekt\u00eef \u00fb t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina xwe \u00fb y\u00ean din j\u00ee berdewam dikin (Rumelili \u00fb \u00c7elik 2017).<\/p>\n

Di rew\u015fa tirk-kurd de, nakok\u00ee ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek li ser desthilatdar\u00ee an mafan xuya dike, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de wek\u00ee pev\u00e7\u00fbnek li ser p\u00eanasekirina netewe \u00fb komar\u00ea \u00fb s\u00eenor\u00ean gir\u00eadana siyas\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee di nav dewlet\u00ea de j\u00ee xuya dike.<\/p>\n

Bahar Rumel\u00ee \u00fb Sinan Celal \u00c7elik li ser t\u00eagiha “a\u015ft\u00eeya rikber\u00ee” an “a\u015ft\u00eeya k\u00eaferat\u00ea” n\u00eeqa\u015f kirin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fniyar kirin ku dibe ku hin nakok\u00ee bi tevah\u00ee ney\u00ean \u00e7areserkirin, l\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek\u00ea de werin jin\u00fbveavakirin ku r\u00ea dide bir\u00eavebirina rikber\u00ee \u00fb cudahiyan b\u00eay\u00ee ku vegerin \u015fer\u00ea gi\u015ft\u00ee (Rumelili \u00fb \u00c7elik 2017).<\/p>\n

Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee bi taybet\u00ee ji bo rew\u015fa niha ya Tirkiyay\u00ea gir\u00eeng e, ji ber ku p\u00eavajoya berdewam dibe ku r\u00ea li ber lihevkirinek netewey\u00ee ya berfireh negire, l\u00ea dibe ku r\u00ea li ber formek jiyana teng, aramiya nazik, an r\u00eaveberiya nakokiyan di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean saz\u00fbman\u00ee y\u00ean kontrolkir\u00ee de veke.<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee din, w\u00eajeya li ser “qurban\u00eeb\u00fbna rikberiy\u00ea” (Competitive Victimhood) \u00fb “exlaq\u00ean pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea” (Ethos of Conflict) n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku dehsal\u00ean \u015fer\u00ea dir\u00eaj di nav civak\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea \u00fb kurdan de di derbar\u00ea rewab\u00fbn, b\u00eer, tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee \u00fb nasnamey\u00ea de vegotin\u00ean rikberiy\u00ea afirandine. Ev yek veguher\u00eena ji \u015fer ber bi siyaset\u00ea ve ji giha\u015ftina peymanek ewleh\u00ee an qan\u00fbn\u00ee pir tevlihevtir dike.<\/p>\n

Senaryoy\u00ean p\u00eakan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji ber van nakokiyan, p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ji bo s\u00ea senaryoy\u00ean sereke vekir\u00ee xuya dike.<\/p>\n

A yekem: Entegrasyoneke kontrolkir\u00ee \u00fb heta radeyek\u00ea aram <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ev senaryoya her\u00ee p\u00eakan e di demek n\u00eaz\u00eek de, ku t\u00ea de dewleta tirk di k\u00eamkirina asta tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiy\u00ea \u00fb jin\u00fbveentegrekirina hin aktor\u00ean kurd di nav pergala siyas\u00ee de, digel berfirehkirineke s\u00eenorkir\u00ee ya qada qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee, b\u00eay\u00ee ku cewhera dewleta netewey\u00ee ya tirk bi bingeh\u00een biguhez\u00eene, bi ser dikeve.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea senaryoy\u00ea de, pirsgir\u00eaka kurd ji dosyayeke ewlehiy\u00ea ya vekir\u00ee vediguhere mijareke ku bi r\u00eaya qan\u00fbn, parlemento, r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee t\u00ea bir\u00eavebirin.<\/p>\n

Duyem: Rew\u015fa aram a bir\u00eavekir\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea senaryoy\u00ea de, p\u00eavajo bi ferm\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee ya gir\u00eeng berdewam dike, ku di encam\u00ea de dibe sedema k\u00eamkirina tengezariyan an cemidandina nisb\u00ee ya pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea, b\u00eay\u00ee ku bigih\u00eeje \u00e7areseriyeke aram an j\u00ee pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean naskirin, tems\u00eelkirin \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00e7areser bike.<\/p>\n

Hin p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean daw\u00ee pi\u015ftgir\u00ee didin v\u00ea \u00eeht\u00eemal\u00ea, nemaze p\u00eakan\u00eena h\u00ead\u00ee ya p\u00ea\u015fniyar\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee p\u00eavajoy\u00ea, nakokiya berdewam li ser r\u00eaza gav\u00ean b\u00ea\u00e7ekkirin \u00fb reform\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb hevgirtina di navbera hesab\u00ean hilbijartin\u00ea y\u00ean navxwey\u00ee \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean li dora Tirkiyay\u00ea de (Yek\u00eeneya L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean Tirk\u00ee 2026).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de, “a\u015ft\u00ee” dikare ten\u00ea bibe r\u00eavebirineke demdir\u00eaj a kr\u00eez\u00ea.<\/p>\n

S\u00eayem: Vegera ewleh\u00eekirin\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Senaryoya s\u00eayem\u00een t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna p\u00eavajoya a\u015ftiy\u00ea \u00fb vegera bo n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek ewlehiy\u00ea ya hi\u015fk vedihew\u00eene, nemaze heke qonaxa din bi aloziyek her\u00eam\u00ee ya n\u00fb, guhartinek di hesab\u00ean hilbijartin\u00ea y\u00ean di nav Tirkiyay\u00ea de, t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna t\u00eagiha\u015ftin\u00ean hey\u00ee, an j\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna avakirina baweriy\u00ea di navbera aliyan de ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee be.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, tewra di v\u00ea senaryoy\u00ea de j\u00ee, vegera tevah\u00ee ya modela sal\u00ean 1990\u00ee dijwartir xuya dike, ji ber ku \u015fer bi xwe dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea, tevgera kurd, avahiya civak\u00ee ya her\u00eama kurdan \u00fb j\u00eengeha her\u00eam\u00ee ya li dora Tirkiyay\u00ea veguherandiye.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee hewldanek ji bo bidaw\u00eekirina pev\u00e7\u00fbnek \u00e7ekdar\u00ee xuya dike, l\u00ea bel\u00ea be\u015fek ji veguher\u00eenek berfirehtir di away\u00ea ku dewleta Tirkiyay\u00ea pirsgir\u00eaka kurd \u00fb s\u00eenor\u00ean pirrengiya siyas\u00ee di nav komar\u00ea de bi r\u00ea ve dibe de xuya dike.<\/p>\n

T\u00eab\u00een\u00ee: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Am\u00fbr\u00ean AI di v\u00ea gotar\u00ea de ji bo al\u00eekariya ed\u00eetoriya ziman\u00ee, ba\u015ftirkirina hevgirtina niv\u00ees\u00ea \u00fb r\u00eakxistina hin hevok\u00ean akadem\u00eek bi s\u00eenor hatine bikaran\u00een. Hem\u00fb naverok ji h\u00eala l\u00eakol\u00eener ve hatine nirxandin, verastkirin \u00fb daw\u00eekirin, ku berpirsiyariya tevah\u00ee ya anal\u00eez, encam \u00fb naveroka l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea digire ser xwe.<\/p>\n

*Spas\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00eakol\u00eener spas\u00ee \u00fb teqd\u00eerkirina xwe ya dilsoz ji heval\u00ean xwe Dr. Ehmed Y\u00fbsif \u00fb mamoste \u00c7eleng Umer re dike ji bo \u00e7avd\u00eariy\u00ean wan \u00ean rexnegir \u00fb n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean wan \u00ean h\u00eaja, ku be\u015fdar\u00ee dewlemendkirina v\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea \u00fb ba\u015ftirkirina avahiya w\u00ea ya anal\u00eet\u00eek \u00fb away\u00ea w\u00ea ya daw\u00een b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

\n

\n

J\u00eader:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Akkaya, Ahmet Hamdi, and Joost Jongerden. 2012. \u201cReassembling the Political: The PKK and the Project of Radical Democracy.\u201d European Journal of Turkish Studies 14.<\/p>\n

\n

Al Jazeera Arabic. 2025. \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 | \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 | \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a<\/p>\n

\n

Al Majalla. 2025. \u201c\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u2026 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u201c\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u201d | \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

\n

Al-Monitor. 2025. \u201cDebates over \u00d6calan\u2019s Role in the New Kurdish Peace Process.\u201d Al-Monitor.<\/p>\n

\n

Buzan, Barry, Ole W\u00e6ver, and Jaap de Wilde. 1998. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.<\/p>\n

\n

Dorronsoro, Gilles, and Nicole F. Watts. 2009. \u201cToward Kurdish Distinctiveness in Electoral Politics: The 1977 Local Elections in Diyarbak\u0131r.\u201d International Journal of Middle East Studies 41(3): 457\u2013480.<\/p>\n

\n

France 24 Arabic. 2025. \u201c\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.\u201d \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 24 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n

France 24 Arabic. 2026. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u2013 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 24 \/ France 24<\/p>\n

\n

Gambetti, Zeynep, and Joost Jongerden, eds. 2015. The Kurdish Issue in Turkey: A Spatial Perspective. London: Routledge.<\/p>\n

\n

Gunes, Cengiz, and Robert Lowe, eds. 2015. The Impact of the Syrian War on Kurdish Politics Across the Middle East. London: Chatham House.<\/p>\n

\n

Gunes, Cengiz. 2020. The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey: From Protest to Resistance. London: Routledge.<\/p>\n

\n

Gunter, Michael M. 2013. The Kurdish Spring: A New Map of the Middle East. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers.<\/p>\n

\n

Jongerden, Joost. 2007. The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatial Policies, Modernity and War. Leiden: Brill.<\/p>\n

\n

Kasapo\u011flu, Can. 2021. \u201cTurkey\u2019s Drone Warfare Doctrine and Counterinsurgency Strategy.\u201d EDAM Analysis.<\/p>\n

\n

McDowall, David. 2004. A Modern History of the Kurds. 3rd ed. London: I.B. Tauris.<\/p>\n

\n

Mohammed, S. J., & Romano, D. (2025). The Kurdish conflict in Turkey: The central role of identity recognition (or lack thereof). Ethnopolitics, 24(3), 260-277.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00d6calan, Abdullah. 2011. Democratic Confederalism. Cologne: International Initiative Edition.<\/p>\n

\n

Reuters. 2026. \u201cBah\u00e7eli Signals Support for a Political Framework Involving \u00d6calan.\u201d Reuters.<\/p>\n

\n

Rumelili, Bahar, and Sinan \u00c7elik. 2017. \u201cOntological Insecurity in Asymmetric Conflicts: Reflections on Agonistic Peace in Turkey\u2019s Kurdish Issue.\u201d Security Dialogue 48(1): 3\u201321.<\/p>\n

\n

Savran, Arin Yavuz. 2020. \u201cWhy the Kurdish Peace Process Failed in Turkey: Regional Dynamics and Shifting Power Relations.\u201d https:\/\/bradscholars.brad.ac.uk\/entities\/publication\/2a8a0801-623c-435d-9913-f1f2d7f260fe.<\/p>\n

\n

Turkish Studies Unit. 2026. \u201cDevelopments in the \u2018Peace Process\u2019 Between the Kurds and the Turkish State.\u201d NLKA The Kurdish Centre for Studies , May 16, 2026. https:\/\/nlka.net\/archives\/1493<\/p>\n

\n

Watts, N., 2000. Relocating Dersim: Turkish state-building and Kurdish resistance, 1931\u20131938. New Perspectives on Turkey, 23, pp.5-30.<\/p>\n

\n

Watts, Nicole F. 2010. Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey. Seattle: University of Washington Press.<\/p>\n

\n

Ye\u011fen, Mesut. 1999. \u201cThe Kurdish Question in Turkish State Discourse.\u201d Journal of Contemporary History 34(4): 555\u2013568.<\/p>\n

\n

Y\u00f6r\u00fck, Erdem. 2012. \u201cWelfare Provision as Political Containment: The Politics of Social Assistance and the Kurdish Conflict in Turkey.\u201d Politics & Society 40(4): 517\u2013547.<\/p>\n

\n

\n

\n

\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. Muslim Ebd Talas \u00a0Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Naverok Ev l\u00eakol\u00een li ser veguher\u00een\u00ean ku ji sala 2024an vir ve di t\u00eakiliya navbera dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb tevgera siyas\u00ee ya kurd\u00ee de p\u00eak t\u00ean, radiweste. 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