{"id":14460,"date":"2026-05-15T16:23:33","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T16:23:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=14460"},"modified":"2026-05-15T16:24:49","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T16:24:49","slug":"1-210","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-210\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00fbbir\u00fby\u00ea “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”: Nasname, ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015eore\u015f Derw\u00ee\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Ev made hewl dide ku hewldan\u00ean kurdan \u00ean rizgarb\u00fbn\u00ea ji “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”\u00fb r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna bi w\u00ea re bi\u015fop\u00eene, bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya rol\u00ean ku el\u00eete \u00fb \u00e7alakvan\u00ean kurdan di z\u00eadetir\u00ee sed sal\u00ean bor\u00ee de l\u00eestine.<\/p>\n

Her\u00e7iqas ku t\u00eageha “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”pi\u015ft\u00ee Holokost\u00ea ket nav edebiyata siyas\u00ee \u00fb bi w\u00ea re j\u00ee jin\u00fbve l\u00eanih\u00ear\u00eenek li ser qirkirin\u00ean f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee y\u00ean ku gelek gelan rast\u00ee wan hatib\u00fbn hate kirin, rew\u015fa Kurdan modela siyaseteke qirkirin\u00ea ya zelal p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike.<\/p>\n

Ev siyaset p\u00eadiv\u00ee bi qada firehtir a fikir\u00een \u00fb l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea heye, da ku were n\u00ee\u015fandan ka kurd \u00e7awa bi awayek\u00ee be\u015f\u00ee ji wan siyaset\u00ean \u00eenkar\u00ee \u00fb \u015foven\u00ee xelas b\u00fbne.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea de, em \u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke gi\u015ft\u00ee ya siyaset\u00ean “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”y\u00ean ku pi\u015ft\u00ee Peymana Lozan\u00ea ya 1923an hatin p\u00eakan\u00een binirx\u00eenin \u00fb \u00e7awa p\u00ea\u015fketina \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bin desthilatdariya frans\u00ee de, rawestin. Herwiha, l\u00eakol\u00een p\u00eavajoya “parastina bi p\u00ean\u00fbs\u00ea”di\u015fop\u00eene, bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya xebata li ser ziman, kl\u00fbb, rojname \u00fb \u00e7alakiy\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, ev l\u00eakol\u00een s\u00ea qonax\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean xebata netewey\u00ee ya \u00e7and\u00ee ya kurd\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dinirx\u00eene: Serdema desthilatdariya frans\u00ee, serdema pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea \u00fb qonaxa neteweperest \u00fb Baas\u00ea, ku bi siyaset\u00ean \u00eenkar\u00ea nasnameya kurd\u00ee, qedexekirina derbir\u00een\u00ean w\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7ewisandina \u00e7alakvan \u00fb kes\u00ean ku ji bo parastin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fxistina \u00e7anda Kurd\u00ee dixebit\u00een hate d\u00eeyarkirin.<\/p>\n

Destp\u00eak\u00ean siyaset\u00ean \u00eenkar \u00fb \u00e7ewisandina ziman \u00fb nasnameya kurd\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nasnameya kurd\u00ee bi zehmetiyeke mezin di nav haw\u00eerdorek\u00ee \u00e7ewisandin \u00fb siyaset\u00ean \u00eenkar\u00ea de mezin b\u00fb. Ew siyaset\u00ean ku Komara Tirkiyay\u00ea ya n\u00fb avab\u00fby\u00ee, demeke kurt pi\u015ft\u00ee Peymana Lozan\u00ea ya 1923yan dest bi wan kirib\u00fb \u00fb pejirandina tirk\u00ee wek\u00ee nasnameyek\u00ea, armanc\u00ean modern\u00eezasyona bi dar\u00ea zor\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene ku modela dewleta netewe li ser hatiye avakirin. Di 3y\u00ea adara 1924an de, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk fermanek derxist ku hem\u00fb dibistan, komele \u00fb we\u015fan\u00ean kurd\u00ee qedexe dikir. Herwiha, ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee j\u00ee di bin gefa cezay\u00ea de hate qedexekirin, heta ku peyv\u00ean “kurd” \u00fb \u201cKurdistan\u201d j\u00ee wek\u00ee binp\u00eakirin\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee hatin p\u00eanasekirin.<\/p>\n

Ev siyaset\u00ean qedexekirin\u00ea giha\u015fte x\u00eetaba kurd\u00ee j\u00ee heta sala 1991\u00ea berdewam kir, dema ku Turgut Ozal qedexe rakir \u00fb maf\u00ea axaftina bi kurd\u00ee li kolanan \u00a0da kurdan.<\/p>\n

Ev mijar ten\u00ea li vir s\u00eenorda nema, ango bingeh\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean hi\u015fk j\u00ee hatin dan\u00een da ku siyaseta sirg\u00fbnkirin \u00fb belavkirina kurdan were bic\u00eehkirin. Ji gulana 1932an ve, pi\u015ft\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna \u015eore\u015fa Agir\u00ee\/Ararat\u00ea \u00fb “R\u00eaveberiya Xweser”a siv\u00eel a ku li wir hatib\u00fb ragihandin, dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea bi ferm\u00ee kurd wek\u00ee “Tirk\u00ean \u00e7iya”binav kir.<\/p>\n

Bi herhal, siyaset\u00ean \u00eenkar, sirg\u00fbn \u00fb belavkirin\u00ea y\u00ean Tirkiyay\u00ea bandora xwe li Faris\u00ea j\u00ee kirin(li welat\u00ea ku pa\u015f\u00ea b\u00fb \u00ceran). Reza Pehlew\u00ee, ber\u00ee ku bi ferm\u00ee bigih\u00eaje desthilatdariy\u00ea j\u00ee, ferman da ku gelek Kurd ji par\u00eazgeh\u00ean ba\u015f\u00fb b\u00ean sirg\u00fbnkirin \u00fb f\u00earkirina ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee li dibistanan hate qedexekirin. Herwiha, ji sala 1923an ve we\u015fan \u00fb \u00e7apemeniy\u00ean kurd\u00ee hatin qedexekirin.<\/p>\n

Ev siyaset ne ten\u00ea li ser ziman s\u00eenordar ma, l\u00ea bel\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftin hem\u00fb n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean d\u00eetbar \u00ean nasnameya kurd\u00ee j\u00ee. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, cil \u00fb berg\u00ean kurd\u00ee, m\u00fbz\u00eek, govend \u00fb heta nav\u00ean gund \u00fb bajar\u00ean kurd\u00ee j\u00ee hatin qedexekirin \u00fb bi nav\u00ean faris\u00ee hatin guhertin (El-Sebk\u00ee 1999). Heta ku rakirina pirt\u00fbkek kurd\u00ee dikarib\u00fb bibe sedema cezayeke giran ku digih\u00ee\u015ft heft salan di zindan\u00ea de (Etn\u00eek \u00fb Dewlet 2006).<\/p>\n

L\u00ea li Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriyeya ku di bin desthilata frans\u00ee \u00fb br\u00eetan\u00ee de b\u00fbn, rew\u015fa tund\u00ee k\u00eamtir b\u00fb. Mirov dikare b\u00eaje ku frans\u00ee \u00fb br\u00eatan\u00ee , bi awayek\u00ee nerasterast di p\u00ea\u015fketina nasnameya kurd\u00ee de rol l\u00eestin, nexasim di war\u00ean ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ea de. Herwiha, li Ermenistana Sovyet\u00ee j\u00ee Sovyetan pi\u015ftgir\u00ee dan p\u00ea\u015fxistina nasnameya kurd\u00ee bi r\u00eabaz\u00ean ku gelek ji wan wek\u00ee tecrubeya Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriy\u00ea b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Li hember xwezaya zor\u00ea ya p\u00eavajoya qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee, \u00a0aliyek\u00ee din j\u00ee heb\u00fb ku dikare wek\u00ee “xwe-\u00eenkar\u00ee”ya nasnameya netewey\u00ee ya kurd were p\u00eanasekirin. H\u00een ji teor\u00eesyen\u00ean neteweperestiya tirk\u00ee di bingeh\u00ea xwe de kurd b\u00fbn \u00fb ber\u00ea li ser derxistina nasnameya kurd\u00ee dixebit\u00een, wek\u00ee Ziya G\u00f6kalp \u00fb \u015eukr\u00ee Sekban. Ji bo wan \u00fb kesayetiy\u00ean din \u00ean m\u00eena Mihemed Kurd El\u00ee li S\u00fbriy\u00ea, did\u00eetin ku r\u00eaya modernb\u00fbn\u00ea ji hilbijartina nasnameyek netewey\u00ee ya n\u00fb, gi\u015ftgir \u00fb avakir\u00ee derbas dibe. Ango, nasnameyek ku ji bo damezrandina modela dewleta\u2013netewe ya Westfalyay\u00ee p\u00eadiv\u00ee hate d\u00eetin, l\u00eabel\u00ea, ev taw\u00eeza bi dilxwaz\u00ee \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bbi destj\u00eaberdan \u00fb berxwedana \u00e7and\u00ee ya kurdan a li hember ti\u015ft\u00ea ku dikare wek\u00ee p\u00eavajoya \u00e7\u00eakirina dewlet\u00ean netewey\u00ee were binavkirin re hat, ku pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea Tirkiya \u00fb \u00ceran \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea Iraq \u00fb S\u00fbriya hatin.<\/p>\n

Di nav r\u00eayeke dir\u00eaj \u00fb tevlihev a p\u00eavajoya ku dikare bi \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”were \u015f\u00eerovekirin de, S\u00fbriyeya di serdema frans\u00ee de hewldana afirandina \u00e7\u00eakirina nasnameyek kurd\u00ee vekir, nasnameyek ku dikare bi awayek\u00ee gi\u015ft\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee “nasnameya kurdistan\u00ee” bibe. Her \u00e7end \u015fert\u00ean w\u00ea dem\u00ea bi par\u00e7eb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee, cih\u00earengiya zaraveyan \u00fb neb\u00fbna zimanek standard diyar b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, xebat\u00ean Tevgera Xoyb\u00fbn\u00ea (1927) \u00fb rola gir\u00eeng a herdu birayan Celadet \u00fb Kamiran Bedirxan, \u00a0heb\u00fbna kurd\u00ee kir n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee m\u00eenaka “Piedmont\u00ea” ya kurd\u00ee (Wek\u00ee Piedmonta ku j\u00ea zaneb\u00fbna ni\u015ftiman\u00ee \u00fb prosesa yek\u00eet\u00eeya \u00cetlayay\u00ea, destp\u00ea kir). Di heman dem\u00ea de, p\u00eavajoya vejandina ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ea ji model\u00ean lat\u00een\u00ee \u00fb \u00eebran\u00ee \u00fb ezm\u00fbn\u00ean wan \u00ean vejandin\u00ea \u00eelham girt (Gorgas: 2013).<\/p>\n

Bi herhal, rayedar\u00ean desthildar\u00eeya frans\u00ee doza nasnameya kurd\u00ee di nav hevsengiya t\u00eakiliy\u00ean frans\u00ee\u2013tirk\u00ee de dinirxandin. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, r\u00eaya p\u00ea\u015fketina \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee carinan bi nerm\u00ee \u00fb b\u00eadestwerdan\u00ee dihat hi\u015ftin, carinan j\u00ee rast\u00ee zext, tengavkirin \u00fb rawestandina pi\u015ftgiriy\u00ea dihat.<\/p>\n

Ji al\u00eeyek\u00ee din ve, \u00a0bi destp\u00eakirina Komara S\u00fbriy\u00ea ya n\u00fb (1946), ber bi avakirina yekal\u00eeb\u00fbna \u00e7and \u00fb ziman ve \u00e7\u00fbn, ku di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya teoriya dewlet\u2013netewe de nasnameya S\u00fbr\u00eeyay\u00ea hate p\u00eanasekirin. Li gor\u00ee David McDowell, ev qonax wek\u00ee k\u00eal\u00eeka “serkeftina netewperest\u00ean Ereb”t\u00ea binavkirin (McDowell: 2004). Di v\u00ea qonax\u00ea de, netewperestan kar\u00eeb\u00fbn serweriya xwe ya \u00eedeoloj\u00eek li ser saz\u00fbman\u00ean dewlet\u00ea bicih bikin.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ftre, bi hatina Partiya Baas\u00ea ser desthilatdariy\u00ea \u00fb xurtb\u00fbna helwesta w\u00ea, pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean erebkirin\u00ea, \u00eenkar\u00ea heb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb s\u00eenordarkirina nasnameya kurd\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee sistemat\u00eek hatin pejirandin. Bi kurtah\u00ee, ev p\u00eavajoy\u00ea dikare wek\u00ee destp\u00eaka qonaxeke qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee were t\u00eagihi\u015ftin, ti\u015ftek ku b\u00fb sedem ku berxwedan \u00fb hewldan\u00ean kurd\u00ee bi \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ean cih\u00eareng \u00fb z\u00eadetir p\u00ea\u015f bikevin.<\/p>\n

Ebas Wal\u00ee bal\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene ser w\u00ea yek\u00ea ku r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna \u00eenkarkirina nasnameya kurd\u00ee \u00fb berxwedana li hember nasnamey\u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean hatine ferzkirin, herdu b\u00fbne sedemek bingeh\u00een a ge\u015fb\u00fbna serhildan\u00ean kurdan. Li gor\u00ee w\u00ee, t\u00eakiliya di navbera “\u00eenkar \u00fb berxwedan\u00ea”de dikare wek\u00ee diyalekt\u00eekek bingeh\u00een were f\u00eamkirin ku \u015fikl\u00ea siyas\u00ee \u00fb karaktera neteweperweriya kurd\u00ee diyar kir.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, neteweperwer\u00ee siyaseteke pi\u015ftrastkirina nasnameya netewey\u00ee ya kurd\u00ee b\u00fb, her\u00e7end\u00ee ku ev nasname di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya modern\u00eetey\u00ea de derketibe hol\u00ea, Wal\u00ee w\u00ea wek\u00ee “berhemeke taybet a modern\u00eetey\u00ea”dinirx\u00eene ya ku bi awayek\u00ee k\u00fbr bi saziy\u00ean dewleta modern ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Di cihek\u00ee din de, Wal\u00ee t\u00eakiliya di navbera nasname \u00fb t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena dir\u00eaj a kurdan de rave dike \u00fb dib\u00eaje ku “\u00c7ewisandina domdar a nasnameya kurd\u00ee \u015fert\u00eadaw\u00ee y\u00ea kurdan di civak\u00ea de \u00fb veguherandina wan bi \u2018biyan\u00ee\u2019 li welat\u00ea xwe ye. “Ne tems\u00eelkirina berdewam a kurdan pirsgir\u00eaka bingeh\u00een a westandina kurdan bi nasnameya xwe ye” (Etn\u00ees\u00eete \u00fb Dewlet: 2006).<\/p>\n

Nasnameya di bin siyaset\u00ean desthilatdar\u00eeya frans\u00ee de bi p\u00ea\u015f dikeve <\/strong><\/p>\n

Gir\u00eengiya frans\u00ee bi doz\u00ean etn\u00eekan re di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya s\u00eeyaset\u00ean w\u00ea de b\u00fb, ku di avakirina neteweyeke yekgirt\u00ee ya S\u00fbriy\u00ea de rast\u00ee dijwar\u00eeyan dihat \u00fb baweriya veqetandina gel\u00ean ku ji \u00cemparatoriya Osman\u00ee derdiketin. Bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee ji ber w\u00ea t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin\u00ea ku kurd di serdema Osman\u00ee de xwe ji \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya nasnameya ereb-\u00eeslam\u00ee hinek\u00ee d\u00fbr xistine \u00fb li Kurdistan\u00ea formeke cuda ya \u00eeslam\u00ea ya bi bandora tesewuf\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f xistine.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea bel\u00ea, zan\u00eena frens\u00ee ya li ser kurdan \u00fb civak\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea bi hevr\u00fbkirina \u00a0br\u00eetan\u00eeyan k\u00eamtir berfireh b\u00fb. Kes\u00ean wek Gertrude Bell, T.E. Lawrence \u00fb Mark Sykes di qada zan\u00een \u00fb kartografiy\u00ea de asteke din p\u00eak an\u00een ku frens\u00ee nikarib\u00fbn bi wan re berhev bikin (Gorgas: 2013). Ev k\u00eamas\u00ee b\u00fb sedem ku frens\u00ee jin\u00fbve li nex\u015feya etnograf\u00eek a Rojhilata Nav\u00een bin\u00earin.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, pi\u015ftgir\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea Kom\u00eesyona Bilind a Frens\u00ee ve ji bo hin tevger\u00ean neteweperest \u00ean kurd, bi r\u00eaya Enst\u00eetuya Frens\u00ee ya li \u015eam\u00ea \u00fb bi nav\u00ea Kap\u00eetan Robert Montagne derketin hol\u00ea. Ji sala 1922an \u00fb p\u00ea ve, balki\u015fandina frensiyan ber bi “kurdoloj\u00ee”(Kurdology) dest p\u00ea kir \u00fb kesayet\u00ean wek Pierre Rondot, \u00a0Roger Lescot \u00fb Thomas Bois di v\u00ea qada n\u00fb de derketin hol\u00ea. Di heman dem\u00ea de, xebat\u00ean akadem\u00eek, \u00a0dan\u00fbstandin \u00fb pi\u015ftgiriy\u00ean daray\u00ee ji bo \u00e7alakiy\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee y\u00ean kurd\u00ee dest p\u00ea kirin \u00fb xaka n\u00fb ya \u015f\u00eerovekirina nasnameya kurd\u00ee ava kirin.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, Fransa di plan\u00ean xwe y\u00ean li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de cih\u00earengiya etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ee wek yek ji faktor\u00ean bingeh\u00een dnirxand \u00a0\u00fb ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea Kom\u00eesyona Bilind di derbar\u00ea p\u00ea\u015feroja her\u00eam\u00ean kurd\u00ee de helwesteke ne diyar \u00fb dudil\u00ee digirt. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, berjewendiy\u00ean kurdan \u00fb frensiyan hinek caran diketin nava hev \u00fb hinek caran j\u00ee ji hev c\u00fbda dib\u00fbn \u00a0\u00fb rayedar\u00ean desthilatdariya frens\u00ee j\u00ee gelek caran hewl didan ku t\u00eakiliy\u00ean xwe bi Tirkiy\u00ea re aram bikin her \u00e7end ev yek li ser hesab\u00ea kurdan be.<\/p>\n

Di nav v\u00ea rew\u015fa ne diyar de, \u00a0nasnameya kurd\u00ee her ku di\u00e7e z\u00eadetir xurt dib\u00fb. Her\u00e7end\u00ee tevgera Xoyb\u00fbn\u00ea bi navxwey\u00ee par\u00e7eb\u00fby\u00ee \u00fb ji nakokiyan ne d\u00fbr b\u00fb , l\u00ea nasnameya kurd\u00ee gav bi gav wek h\u00eazek cuda derdiket hol\u00ea, a yek\u00ea di beramber\u00ee nasnameya tirk\u00ee de \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee di beramber\u00ee nasnameya ereb\u00ee de. Di v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de, el\u00eeta kurd a rew\u015fenb\u00eer ya ku ji pa\u015fmay\u00eena Osman\u00ee derketib\u00fb, hewl da ku nasnameya \u00e7and\u00ee bi armanc\u00ean siyas\u00ee ve gir\u00ea bide \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee qonaxeke n\u00fb ya modern\u00eezekirina nasnamey\u00ea dest p\u00ea kir. Di heman dem\u00ea de, daxwaz\u00ean ji bo perwerdehiya ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee bi r\u00eaya daxwaznamey\u00ean ku ji rayedar\u00ean frens\u00ee ve hatin \u015fandin.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Yek ji van daxwazan di sala 1928an de ji aliy\u00ea Xoyb\u00fbn\u00ea ve hate \u00eemzekirin \u00fb t\u00ea de vekirina dibistanan ji bo f\u00earkirina ziman\u00ea Kurd\u00ee hate xwestin. Pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee daxwaznamey\u00ean din hatin \u015fandin ku t\u00ea de kurd\u00ee wek zimanek ferm\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ean kurd\u00ee were pejirandin.Yek ji ti\u015ft\u00ean gir\u00eeng \u00ean desthilatdar\u00eeya frens\u00ee ew e ku di sala 1922an de der\u00ee li ber ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee li qezaya Cerabl\u00fbs\u00ea vekir, ne li her\u00eam\u00ean wek Cez\u00eera ku w\u00ea dem\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee ferm\u00ee ne di nav \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya S\u00fbriy\u00ea de b\u00fb \u00fb ne j\u00ee li Kurd Dax\u00ea (Efr\u00een) ku heb\u00fbna kurd\u00ee t\u00ea de xurt \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ee b\u00fb, l\u00ea li her\u00eamek\u00ea ku ji aliy\u00ea siyas\u00ee ve di hesab\u00ean rayedar\u00ean desthilatdariya frens\u00ee de cih girtib\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Bi veqetandina Cerabl\u00fbs\u00ea ji herdu sinceq\u00ean D\u00eara Zor\u00ea \u00fb Heleb\u00ea \u00fb Cerabl\u00fbs\u00ea b\u00fbye qezayeke serbixwe, ziman\u00ean kurd\u00ee, ereb\u00ee \u00fb tirk\u00ee wek “ziman\u00ean wekhev”hatin binavkirin \u00fb ji karmend\u00ean dewlet\u00ea \u00a0hate xwestin ku f\u00ear\u00ee hers\u00ea zimanan bibin(Barut: 2013). Diviyab\u00fb ku di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya perwerdey\u00ea de j\u00ee f\u00earb\u00fbna bi van s\u00ea zimanan were me\u015fandin.<\/p>\n

Li ser v\u00ee esas\u00ee j\u00ee ev yekem car b\u00fb ku kurd\u00ee di nav belgeyeke ferm\u00ee \u00fb qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya frens\u00ee de wek zimanek perwerdey\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee e\u015fkere t\u00ea naskirin. L\u00ea bel\u00ea, di aliy\u00ea din de tev\u00ee ku Kurd Dax (Efr\u00een) piraniya ni\u015ftecih\u00ean w\u00ea kurd b\u00fbn, rayedar\u00ean frens\u00ee red kirin ku kurd\u00ee li wir wek zimanek ferm\u00ee an perwerdey\u00ee bi ereb\u00ee \u00fb tirk\u00ee re were pejirandin. Ev helwest bi taybet\u00ee t\u00eakildar\u00ee nexwestina frensiyan b\u00fb ku bi awayek\u00ee siyas\u00ee tirk\u00ean li her\u00eam\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00ee L\u00eewa \u00ceskender\u00fbn\u00ea aciz bikin.<\/p>\n

Kam\u00eeran Bedirxan di war\u00ea perwerdehiya ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee de xwed\u00ee raman\u00ean bi r\u00eabaz \u00fb\u00a0 \u015fore\u015fger b\u00fb. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, Kam\u00eeran ji Kom\u00eesyona Bilind a Frens\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fniyar kir ku li her\u00eama Cez\u00eer\u00ea dibistanek navxwey\u00ee ya kurd\u00ee were damezrandin. Ji bo dab\u00eenkirina l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean v\u00ea projey\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7\u00eakirina bingeh\u00ea w\u00ea, Kam\u00eeran p\u00ea\u015fniyar kir ku projeyek berfireh were avakirin ku t\u00ea de zeviyek bi qas\u00ee 5,000 doniman \u00fb gundek Kurd\u00ee ji 50 malan j\u00ee hebin.<\/p>\n

Li gor w\u00ee, xwendekar\u00ean v\u00ea dibistan\u00ea div\u00ea ji malbat\u00ean serok\u00ean e\u015f\u00eeran, r\u00fbsip\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7\u00een\u00ean din \u00ean civak\u00ee bin, bi armanca ku ev perwerdeh\u00ee bibe bingeh\u00ea avakirina el\u00eeteke n\u00fb ya netewey\u00ee (Gorgas: 2013). Modela ku ji h\u00eala Bedirxan ve hat\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fniyarkirin, dibe ku di\u015fibiya dibistan\u00ean nav\u00een \u00ean ku ji h\u00eala bav \u00fb kal\u00ean dom\u00een\u00eek\u00ee ve li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea hatine damezrandin, an j\u00ee dibistana e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee ya li Stenbol\u00ea di dema serdestiya Siltan Ebdulhem\u00eed\u00ea Duyem\u00een de, ku armanc ew b\u00fb ku nasnameyek n\u00fb ya Osman\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f bixe. L\u00eabel\u00ea, armanca rast\u00een a projey\u00ea “xwed\u00eekirina el\u00eetek netewey\u00ee” b\u00fb \u00fb Kamiran pa\u015f\u00ea daxwaza avakirina zan\u00eengehek mamostey\u00ean seretay\u00ee li Hesek\u00ea kir da ku perwerdehiya bi ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee bi qas\u00ee ku p\u00eakan be p\u00ea\u015fve bibe.<\/p>\n

Li k\u00ealeka Bedirxan, endam\u00ea Xoyb\u00fbn\u00ea Memd\u00fbh Sel\u00eem Wanl\u00ee di sala 1930an de wek l\u00eapirs\u00een\u00ea perwerdehiy\u00ea li her\u00eama Cez\u00eer\u00ea hate erkdarkirin. Di v\u00ea poz\u00eesyon\u00ea de, w\u00ee rolek di r\u00eavebirina kar\u00fbbar\u00ean dibistanan de girt \u00fb r\u00ea li ber tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna kurdan di pergala perwerdey\u00ea de vekir. Herwiha, \u00a0bi hevkariya bav\u00ean Dom\u00een\u00eek\u00ee \u00a0hin h\u00easankirin \u00fb pi\u015ftgir\u00ee ji bo el\u00eeta kurd a ku daxwaz\u00ean xwe ji Kom\u00eesyona Bilind re di\u015fandin j\u00ee hatin peydakirin.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, \u00a0ev rew\u015f demdir\u00eaj neb\u00fb. Hik\u00fbmeta S\u00fbriy\u00ea Memd\u00fbh Sel\u00eem ji wez\u00eefeya w\u00ee d\u00fbr xist. Ev yek “windakirinek ji bo hevpeymaniya kurd-dom\u00een\u00eek\u00ee” b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Di nav z\u00eadetir\u00ee du dehsalan t\u00eakiliy\u00ean kurd\u2013frens\u00ee de, el\u00eeta \u00e7and\u00ee ya kurd ku di heman dem\u00ea de xwed\u00ee meyl\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean e\u015fkere b\u00fb, kar\u00ee nasnameya kurd\u00ee jin\u00fbve ava bike \u00fb hin bandor\u00ean “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”ya ku li Tirkiy\u00ea p\u00eak hatib\u00fb k\u00eam bike \u00fb ti\u015ft\u00ea ku gengaz b\u00fb bipar\u00eaze.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea hatina h\u00eaz\u00ean neteweperest li ser desthilatdariy\u00ea li \u015eam\u00ea bar \u00fb zext\u00ean li ser xebatkar\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee y\u00ean kurd z\u00eade kir. Di heman dem\u00ea de, ji aliy\u00ea Tirkiy\u00ea ve j\u00ee zext \u00fb neraz\u00eeb\u00fbn berdewam b\u00fbn \u00fb li ser van her du zextan, neraz\u00eeb\u00fbneke navxwey\u00ee j\u00ee derket hol\u00ea ku ji sala 1936an p\u00ea ve p\u00ea\u015fketina nasnameya kurd\u00ee asteng kir.<\/p>\n

Di nava van\u00a0 \u015fert\u00fbmeran de, el\u00eeta kurd ne\u00e7ar ma ku bal\u00ea biki\u015f\u00eene ser qadan wek we\u015fan, \u00a0radyo \u00fb kl\u00fbban \u00fb projeya “lat\u00een\u00eezekirina niv\u00eesandin\u00ea” \u00fb wan qadan p\u00ea\u015f bixe. Di heman dem\u00ea de, hewldan hat kirin ku kurd jin\u00fbve bi p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean c\u00eehan\u00ee re werin gir\u00eadan, bi taybet\u00ee di sal\u00ean \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Duyem\u00een de, bi \u015fopandina rew\u015f\u00ean \u015fer, t\u00eakiliy\u00ean bi h\u00eaz\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee re \u00fb hewldana bandorkirina wan berjewendiyan.<\/p>\n

Hewldan\u00ean perwerdehiya bi ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee, daxwaz\u00ean ji bo avakirina dibistanan \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fxistina d\u00eetin\u00ean ji bo zimanek kurd\u00ee ya n\u00fb \u00fb bi hev re li S\u00fbriyeya di bin desthilatdar\u00eeya frans\u00ee de, ne ji ti\u015ft\u00ean ku li Stenbol\u00ea di destp\u00eaka sedsala 20an de bi damezrandina Komeleya Hevkar\u00ee \u00fb P\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna Kurd (1908\u20131909) ve qut b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Ev komele pi\u015ft\u00ee salek\u00ea ji hilwe\u015fandina rej\u00eema Ebdulham\u00eed\u00ea Duyem\u00een \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015eore\u015fa \u00cet\u00eehat \u00fb Terak\u00eey\u00ea hate avakirin \u00fb di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek modern\u00eezasyon\u00ea de xebit\u00ee ku \u015faristaniy\u00ea bi r\u00eaya avakirina dibistanan \u00fb belavkirina we\u015fan\u00ean \u00e7apkir\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f bixe. Di nav armanc\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean bingeh\u00een de, \u00a0vekirina dibistanan li Kurdistan\u00ea, \u00a0naskirina ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee \u00fb dest\u00fbrday\u00eena we\u015fandina rojname \u00fb kovaran bi ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee cih girtib\u00fbn (Cawaan: 2012).<\/p>\n

Bi l\u00eakol\u00eena nav\u00ean damezr\u00eener\u00ean v\u00ea komeley\u00ea, dikare t\u00eakiliyek malbat\u00ee \u00fb fikr\u00ee di navbera v\u00ea projeya destp\u00eak\u00ea \u00fb el\u00eeta kurd a ku pa\u015f\u00ea li S\u00fbriy\u00ea xebit\u00ee were d\u00eetin. Di nav wan damezr\u00eeneran de, Em\u00een El\u00ee Bedirxan j\u00ee heye, ku bav\u00ea Celadet, Kamiran \u00fb Suryaya Bedirxan e \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee yek ji gir\u00eadan\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean di navbera Stenbol \u00fb projey\u00ean pa\u015feroj\u00ea y\u00ean S\u00fbriy\u00ea de n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/p>\n

Niv\u00eesandin, rojname \u00fb kl\u00fbb\u00ean kurd\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ge\u015f dibin<\/p>\n

“Rojname \u00fb kovar ten\u00ea y\u00ean ba\u015f \u00fb r\u00eazdar in di serdema n\u00fbjen de. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, dema sir\u00fbdan derbas b\u00fbye” – helbestvan\u00ea kurd Subh\u00ee Qadr\u00ee Koy\u00ee 1890.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee ragirtina w\u00ee ya mal\u00ea \u00fb t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna serhildana Agiriy\u00ea, Celadet Bedirxan dest bi qonaxek “parastina bi qelem\u00ea” kir. Pi\u015ft\u00ee hewldan\u00ean \u00cesma\u00eel Heq\u00ee Baban ji bo reforma zimannas\u00ee di derbar\u00ea r\u00eabaza niv\u00eesandina kurd\u00ee de bi karan\u00eena t\u00eep\u00ean ereb\u00ee \u00fb hewldan\u00ean Ebdulrezaq Bedirxan ji bo niv\u00eesandina kurd\u00ee bi t\u00eep\u00ean kir\u00eel\u00ee (r\u00fbs\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eep\u00ean slav\u00ee), Yusuf Wehb\u00ee Beg ji sala 1929an vir ve bi we\u015fandina pirt\u00fbka xwe ya li ser r\u00eazimana kurd\u00ee li ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea ji bo pejirandina t\u00eep\u00ean lat\u00een\u00ee di niv\u00eesandina lurd\u00ee de t\u00eako\u015fiya. Wehb\u00ee di war\u00ea modern\u00eezasyona \u00e7and\u00ee de j\u00ee hewl da, ku ev yek bi we\u015fandina gotara w\u00ee ya “Em \u00e7awa ziman\u00ea xwe y\u00ea kurd\u00ee diniv\u00eesin?” di sala 1924an de (El-Teax\u00ee: Faiq Mihemed His\u00ean) b\u00fb fikara w\u00ee ya sereke. Biray\u00ean Bedraxan bawer dikirin ku yekkirina ziman p\u00eaw\u00eest\u00ee bi yekkirina forma niv\u00eesandin\u00ea heye. Xwesteka hevpar Wehb\u00ee \u00fb biray\u00ean Bedraxan han da ku bi hev re bixebitin. Biray\u00ean Bedrexan \u00e7end mehan li benda hatina Y\u00fbsif Wehb\u00ee bo \u015eam\u00ea man da ku projeya xwe ya hevbe\u015f ragih\u00eenin \u00fb alfabeya n\u00fb bidin destp\u00eakirin, l\u00ea di dawiy\u00ea de Wehb\u00ee ji bo civ\u00eena ku dihat h\u00eav\u00eekirin nehat, ev yek j\u00ee wan ne\u00e7ar kir ku di sala 1931\u00ea de encam\u00ean xebata xwe ragih\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Lat\u00een\u00eezekirin destp\u00eaka qutb\u00fbnek\u00ea bi t\u00eep\u00ean ereb\u00ee re ji bo axaftvan\u00ean kurmanc\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan da. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, tev\u00ee heb\u00fbna \u00e7and\u00ee ya z\u00eade ya axaftvan\u00ean soran\u00ee li ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea \u00fb qan\u00fbn\u00eekirina ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee di sal\u00ean 1920\u00ee de, ku r\u00ea da tevl\u00eekirina w\u00ea di perwerdehiya seretay\u00ee de, hik\u00fbmeta Iraq\u00ea red kir ku alfabeya lat\u00een\u00ee qeb\u00fbl bike, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee alfabeya ereb\u00ee bi guhertin\u00ean w\u00ea parast. Y\u00ean ku li dij\u00ee lat\u00een\u00eezekirin\u00ea b\u00fbn, dibe ku bawer dikirin ku projeyek wiha dikare bi Iraqa ereb\u00ee re qutb\u00fbneke n\u00fb \u00e7\u00eake, t\u00eep\u00ean ereb\u00ee bike t\u00eala ku dikare nasnameya Iraq\u00ea ya n\u00fb, ku di navbera du neteweyan de (ereb \u00fb kurd) de dabe\u015f b\u00fbye, sererast bike. Li vir paradokseke din heye ku nasnameya kurd p\u00ea re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb maye: Dema ku Iraq\u00ea alfabeya lat\u00een\u00ee qedexe kir, Tirkiyay\u00ea alfabeya ereb\u00ee qedexe kir, di heman dem\u00ea de kurd\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ji azadiya ceribandin \u00fb hewldana modern\u00eezekirina ziman \u00fb pergala niv\u00eesandina xwe k\u00eafxwe\u015f b\u00fbn, formek standardkir\u00ee pejirandin – ango, veguheztina ji zaravay\u00ean curbecur bo qa\u00eedey\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean erebiya klas\u00eek.<\/p>\n

Ji bo el\u00eet\u00ean kurd zehmet b\u00fb ku ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee bi ferm\u00ee nas bikin, ji ber ku ew ji bo frans\u00ee \u00fb Bloka Netewey\u00ee mijarek hestyar b\u00fb, ku bandora wan pi\u015ft\u00ee 1936an z\u00eade b\u00fb. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, biray\u00ean Bedirxan ji bo derbaskirina astengiyan xwe disp\u00earin hewldan\u00ean takekes\u00ee. Ji her xwendekarek\u00ee kurd dihat h\u00eav\u00eekirin ku ji bo y\u00ean din wek\u00ee mamosteyek tevbigere. Wek\u00ee din, hewldanek li ser bingeha malbat\u00ea, nemaze ji jinan – “day\u00eek\u00ean netewey\u00ea” (Tigil, 2021) – pir gir\u00eeng b\u00fb. Gir\u00eadana bi malbat\u00ea \u00fb rola dayik\u00ea re dibe al\u00eekar ku ziman, b\u00eer \u00fb nasnamey\u00ea were parastin \u00fb dikare wek\u00ee gir\u00eadanek di navbera armanca daw\u00een a naskirina ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee \u00fb xwendekar\u00ean kurd de xizmet bike. Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee, bang\u00ean biray\u00ean Bedirxan ji “day\u00eek\u00ean kurd” re dikarin di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de werin f\u00eamkirin, ji ber ku hewldan\u00ean wan d\u00ea bar\u00ea h\u00eenkirin\u00ea ji bo \u00e7alakvanan sivik bikin ger ziman\u00ea devk\u00ee ji axaftvan\u00ean kurd\u00ee winda bibe.<\/p>\n

P\u00ea\u015fxistina t\u00eagihan ji bo zimanek\u00ee standard \u00ea kurd\u00ee \u00fb standard\u00eezekirina w\u00ee be\u015fdar\u00ee destp\u00eakirina projeyek\u00ea b\u00fb ku bandor\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean d\u00fbr \u00fb dir\u00eaj ji kevne\u015fopiya devk\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaxistina siyas\u00ee w\u00eadetir b\u00fbn. Wek\u00ee din, t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna serhildana Agiriy\u00ea siya xwe av\u00eat ser el\u00eet\u00ean sirg\u00fbnkir\u00ee y\u00ean li \u015eam\u00ea \u00fb ew hi\u015ft ku di p\u00eavajoya seferberiy\u00ea de xwe bisp\u00earin k\u00fbrahiya \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb poz\u00eesyona nasnameya kurd\u00ee di c\u00eehana pi\u015ft\u00ee-osman\u00ee de xurt bikin. Alfabeya lat\u00een\u00ee di rojname \u00fb kovar\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala biray\u00ean Bedirxan ve hatine we\u015fandin de hate ceribandin. Rojnamey\u00ean biray\u00ean Bedirxan, ku bi Hawar\u00ea (1932-1943) dest p\u00ea kirin, taybetmendiy\u00ean her\u00ee berbi\u00e7av \u00ean modern\u00eeteya \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb am\u00fbrek ji bo populerkirina alfabeya n\u00fb ya kurd\u00ee p\u00eak an\u00een. Wan ji bil\u00ee pex\u015fan, \u015fano, gotar\u00ean raman\u00ea \u00fb mijar\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee folklor\u00ea, we\u015fana w\u00eajeya klas\u00eek \u00fb helbest\u00ean l\u00eer\u00eek \u00fb netewey\u00ee y\u00ean n\u00fbjen ji h\u00eala helbestvan\u00ean ciwan ve, di nav de Cegerxw\u00een, Qedr\u00ee Can \u00fb Kam\u00eeran Bedirxan, dest p\u00ea kir. Bro\u015f\u00fbr\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala “Pirt\u00fbkxaneya Hawar” ve hatine hilberandin giha\u015ftin 17 bro\u015f\u00fbran (Gurgas: 2013). Ev yek ji bo “Ronah\u00ee” (1942-1945) j\u00ee derbas dibe, ku bi n\u00fb\u00e7ey\u00ean c\u00eehan\u00ea \u00fb \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Duyem\u00een re mij\u00fbl dib\u00fb. Bi heman away\u00ee, kovara “Roja N\u00fb” (1945) materyal\u00ean di\u015fibin y\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala Hawar ve hatine we\u015fandin we\u015fand, di heman dem\u00ea de”St\u00ear” b\u00fb p\u00eaveka w\u00eanesazkir\u00ee ya kovar\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Li k\u00ealeka n\u00fbkirina ziman \u00fb hewldana yekkirina w\u00ee, \u00fb li k\u00ealeka rojname \u00fb kovaran \u00fb rola Radyoya Orient ji Beyr\u00fbt\u00ea (1941) di xwed\u00eekirina \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee \u00fb berxwedana li dij\u00ee siyaset\u00ean \u00eenkar \u00fb qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee li Tirkiyay\u00ea de, rola kl\u00fbb \u00fb komeley\u00ean kurd\u00ee y\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala el\u00eet\u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean sirg\u00fbnkir\u00ee ve pi\u015ft\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna \u015fore\u015f\u00ean \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed \u00fb Komeleya Azad\u00ee ya 1925an \u00fb \u015fore\u015faAgir\u00ee ya 1931\u00ea hatine damezrandin, t\u00ea, da ku gel\u00ea kurd di nav \u00e7ember\u00ean civak\u00ee-\u00e7and\u00ee-siyas\u00ee de ji n\u00fb ve kom bikin. Berfirehb\u00fbna avakirina kl\u00fbb \u00fb komeleyan dikare wek\u00ee \u015fax\u00ean komeleya day\u00eek, Xoyb\u00fbn\u00ea, were binavkirin, ji ber ku endam\u00ean w\u00ea di dema mandat\u00ea de di damezrandina kl\u00fbb \u00fb komeley\u00ean n\u00fb de rol dil\u00eestin. D\u00fbv re, du kesayet\u00ean sereke, Osman Sebr\u00ee \u00fb N\u00fbred\u00een Zaza, ber\u00ee ku bibin du kesayet\u00ean her\u00ee gir\u00eeng di dema damezrandina Partiya Demokrat\u00eek a Kurd di 1957an de, d\u00ea rola xwe di damezrandin \u00fb sponsorkirina gelek r\u00eaxistinan de hebin.<\/p>\n

Serdema \u00e7and\u00ee ya sar (1946-1957)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7alakiy\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee y\u00ean kurd\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee veki\u015f\u00eena h\u00eaz\u00ean frans\u00ee ji S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee ne wek\u00ee ber\u00ea b\u00fbn. Qonaxa veguherandina S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bo laboratuwarek\u00ea ji bo mijar\u00ean cudakirina nasnameya kurd\u00ee ji nasnamey\u00ean din \u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea bi daw\u00ee hat. Bi giran\u00ee, xebata li ser r\u00eay\u00ean ziman\u00ea standard, \u00e7and, folklor, rojnameger\u00ee \u00fb avakirina kl\u00fbb \u00fb komeleyan hate astengkirin. Dikare were gotin ku rew\u015f li ser ti\u015ft\u00ean ku di dema mandat\u00ea de hatib\u00fbn hilberandin aram b\u00fb. Darbey\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee xeterey\u00ean ji bo \u00e7alakvan\u00ean ku di kar\u00fbbar\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb ziman\u00ee y\u00ean kurd\u00ee de be\u015fdar b\u00fbn z\u00eade kirin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, pi\u015ft\u00ee d\u00eektatoriya Ed\u00eeb \u015e\u00ee\u015fekl\u00ee (1951-1954), \u00e7alakvan\u00ean kurd ji dawiya w\u00ea serdem\u00ea \u00fb belavb\u00fbna azadiy\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea s\u00fbd wergirtin. Osman Sebr\u00ee \u00fb Rew\u015fen Bedirxan di sala 1955an de li \u015eam\u00ea Komeleya Vej\u00eena \u00c7anda Kurd\u00ee bi armanca sereke ya h\u00eenkirina alfabeya lat\u00een\u00ee damezrandin (Tigil: 2021). Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku nif\u015f\u00ea ku di sal\u00ean 1930\u00ee de li ser mijar\u00ean ziman xebit\u00eeb\u00fb, di bin \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean dijwartir de xebata xwe domand. Tev\u00ee v\u00ea vekir\u00eeb\u00fbna n\u00fb, tengezarkirin berdewam kirin. Di sala 1955an de, pirt\u00fbk\u00ean alfabey\u00ea y\u00ean Osman Sebr\u00ee hatin desteserkirin \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee ku w\u00ee ser\u00ee li serok\u00ea dewlet\u00ea da j\u00ee, nedan w\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Di sala 1957an de, bi damezrandina Partiya Demokrat\u00eek a Kurd a S\u00fbriyay\u00ea re, rojnameya Deng\u00ea Kurdan bi t\u00eep\u00ean lat\u00een\u00ee hate we\u015fandin. Ev yek n\u00ee\u015fan da ku ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee ji qada taybet a \u00e7alakiya \u00e7alakvanan derbas\u00ee qada gi\u015ft\u00ee ya kurd\u00ee b\u00fbye, ku potansiyela kurd\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku bibe ziman\u00ea siyaset\u00ea ji bo hem\u00ee kurd\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea. Ev yek hewldan\u00ean ji bo jihol\u00earakirina nexwendin\u00ea di nav deh hezaran kurd\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de ku nekar\u00een ziman\u00ea xwe bi r\u00eaya dibistan\u00ean ferm\u00ee f\u00ear bibin, p\u00eaw\u00eest kir. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev qonax kurt b\u00fb, ji h\u00eala yek\u00eetiya S\u00fbriya-Misr\u00ea ve di sala 1958an de hate qutkirin.<\/p>\n

Neteweperest li hember neteweya kurd\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sal\u00ean yek\u00eetiya S\u00fbriya-Misir\u00ea (1958-1960) li ser \u00e7alakvan\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb li ser partiya kurd a s\u00fbriyay\u00ee dijwar b\u00fbn. P\u00ea\u015fniyar\u00ean ku rasterast ji h\u00eala berdevk\u00ean kurd\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ve ji serok\u00ea yek\u00eetiy\u00ea Cemal Ebdulnasir re hatib\u00fbn \u015fandin, hatin redkirin. Daxwaz\u00ean ku daxwaza h\u00eenkirina ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee \u00fb we\u015fana ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee bi r\u00eaya Radyoya \u015eam\u00ea dikirin, bi redkirin\u00ea hatin p\u00ea\u015fwaz\u00eekirin. Di heyama beriya banga ku derfeta we\u015fana radyoy\u00ea ji kurd\u00ee re were day\u00een de, guh\u00ea kurdan n\u00fb\u00e7e \u00fb muz\u00eeka kurd\u00ee ji radyoy\u00ean Er\u00eevan, Bexda, Qah\u00eere \u00fb ber\u00ee w\u00ea j\u00ee Beyr\u00fbt\u00ea wergirtib\u00fb, ku ev yek \u00e7alakvan\u00ean kurd han da ku guhertoya s\u00fbriyay\u00ee ya xebata wan radyoyan bixwazin.<\/p>\n

Di p\u00eala girtin\u00ea de ku bi hezaran al\u00eegir \u00fb endam\u00ean partiya kurd\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea \u015fandin zindan\u00ean Komara Ereb\u00ee ya Yekb\u00fby\u00ee, v\u00eezyona serok\u00ea partiy\u00ea, N\u00fbred\u00een Zaza, di daxwaznameya w\u00ee ya ji serok\u00ea Dadgeha Ewlehiy\u00ea ya Dewlet\u00ea re di 31\u00ea kan\u00fbna p\u00ea\u015f\u00een a 1960\u00ee de derket hol\u00ea. W\u00ee dan\u00fbstandina li hember kurdan wek\u00ee “b\u00fbyer\u00ean cudakar\u00ee \u00fb cudakariya nijad\u00ee” bi nav kir. Dema ku kurdan bi nav kir, w\u00ee tekez kir ku ew “gelek in ku xwed\u00ee ziman, adet \u00fb kevne\u015fopiy\u00ean xwe ne. Ew bi tund\u00ee v\u00ee ziman\u00ee, adet \u00fb kevne\u015fopiyan dipar\u00eazin \u00fb m\u00eerateya w\u00ea ya dewlemend a stran, helbest \u00fb muz\u00eek\u00ea parastine, ku ji ziman\u00ean c\u00eeran ne k\u00eamtir xwe\u015fik e.” Zaza di p\u00ea\u015fgotina daxwaznameya xwe de rew\u015f \u00fb gir\u00eengiya ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee dubare kir \u00fb diyar kir ku ew “winda neb\u00fbye” \u00fb ku ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee “tu car\u00ee neb\u00fbye \u00e7avkaniya dabe\u015fb\u00fbn \u00fb nakokiy\u00ea di navbera gel\u00ean ereb \u00fb kurd de.” W\u00ee herwiha daxwaza parastin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fxistina w\u00ea kir. Vegera ser arguman\u00ea, ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee di axaftina serok\u00ea partiya kurd de cihek\u00ee navend\u00ee digire, w\u00ea digih\u00eene asta daxwazek sereke. Tev\u00ee daxwaza w\u00ee ya ji bo naskirin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fxistina ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee, w\u00ee xwezaya gel\u00ea kurd ji b\u00eer nekir, ku ew “bi hem\u00ee r\u00eabaz\u00ean gengaz v\u00ea xwesteka xwezay\u00ee t\u00ear dikin.” Li k\u00ealeka ziman, Zaza behsa s\u00ea b\u00fbyer\u00ean ku pa\u015f\u00ea d\u00ea bibin bingeha siyaset\u00ean \u015foven\u00eest \u00ean Beis\u00ea ji b\u00eer nekir: 1- Guhertina nav\u00ean bajar \u00fb gundan ji kurd\u00ee bo ereb\u00ee. 2- Astengkirin \u00fb \u015fermezarkirina kurd\u00ean ku dixwestin zarok\u00ean xwe y\u00ean n\u00fb bi nav\u00ean kurd\u00ee qeyd bikin. 3- R\u00fbre\u015fkirina welatiyek\u00ee kurd ji aliy\u00ea r\u00eaveber\u00ea nav\u00e7eya Dirb\u00easiy\u00ea ve ji ber lixwekirina serpel\u00ea kurd\u00ee \u00fb gefxwarina w\u00ee ger ew berdewam bike li xwekirina w\u00ea (Zaza: M\u00eeran\u00ee).<\/p>\n

\u015eahidiya Zaza (vegotina w\u00ee ya serdema xwe) asta zordariya ku li ser \u00e7alakvan\u00ean kurd hatiye ki\u015fandin \u00fb desteserkirina pirt\u00fbk\u00ean wan \u00ean kurd\u00ee, wek\u00ee di doza berhem\u00ean berhevkir\u00ee y\u00ean helbestvan Cegerxw\u00een de, n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Y\u00ean din ji ber heb\u00fbna pirt\u00fbk\u00ean kurd\u00ee (doza Ebdulmec\u00eed Haco) an j\u00ee ten\u00ea ji ber ku hatine ragihandin ku ew xwed\u00ee b\u00fbne (doza Hamza Nuwayran, yek ji damezr\u00eener\u00ean partiya yekem a kurd\u00ee) hatin cezakirin.<\/p>\n

We\u015fandina berhem\u00ean kurd\u00ee di s\u00ea serdem\u00ean desthilatdariya neteweperest de k\u00eam b\u00fb: Komara Yekb\u00fby\u00ee ya Ereb\u00ee, serdema veqetandin\u00ea \u00fb serdema Beis\u00ea. Di navbera sal\u00ean 1960 \u00fb 1980y\u00ee de, ten\u00ea s\u00ea pirt\u00fbk bi kurd\u00ee hatin \u00e7apkirin, hem\u00ee li Beyr\u00fbt\u00ea \u00fb bi diz\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea hatin belavkirin. Di war\u00ea kovar\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee de, kovara Gulistan, ku ji h\u00eala helbestvan Cegerxw\u00een ve di sala 1968an de hatiye we\u015fandin \u00fb kovara Kelaw\u00eaj di sala 1979an de di bin \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean pir dijwar de xebit\u00een (Tigil: 2021). Dehsal\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00een \u00ean desthilatdariya neteweperestan hema hema n\u00ee\u015fan nadin ku tu qonaxek vekir\u00eeb\u00fbn an bersivek li hember daxwaz\u00ean \u00e7alakvan \u00fb siyasetmedaran \u00ean ku daxwaza rakirina qedexeya li ser ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee dikirin, \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye.<\/p>\n

Di sal\u00ean 1990\u00ee de, d\u00eemena kurd\u00ee \u015fahidiya ti\u015ftek\u00ee kir ku Jordi Tegel j\u00ea re dib\u00eaje “hi\u015fyarb\u00fbna \u00e7and\u00ee”. Berevaj\u00ee s\u00ea pirt\u00fbk\u00ean ku di sal\u00ean 1970 \u00fb 1980y\u00ee de hatine we\u015fandin, li gor\u00ee vegotina Tegel a Malmesang di sal\u00ean 1990\u00ee de 111 pirt\u00fbk hatine \u00e7apkirin. Bi saya f\u00earb\u00fbna ve\u015fart\u00ee ya kurd\u00ee, di sal\u00ean 1990\u00ee de di nav kurd\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de bi r\u00eaya berfirehb\u00fbna w\u00eaje, kovar \u00fb rojnamey\u00ean bi ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee vej\u00eenek \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb. Bi hatina \u00eenternet\u00ea li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea di destp\u00eaka hezarsaliy\u00ea de, hejmara kes\u00ean ku di war\u00ea ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee de dixebitin z\u00eade b\u00fb \u00fb niv\u00ees\u00eena kurd\u00ee ge\u015f b\u00fb. Tev\u00ee fi\u015far \u00fb hewldan\u00ean ji bo jihol\u00earakirina nasnameya kurd\u00ee, rej\u00eema Beis\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee nekar\u00ee v\u00ea vej\u00eena kurd\u00ee rawest\u00eene. Kes\u00ean ku ji bo vegerandina taybetmendiy\u00ean nasnameya kurd\u00ee dixebitin, ku di sal\u00ean 1930\u00ee de p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn d\u00eetin, di encama siyaset\u00ean \u00eenkar, qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb cezakirina kes\u00ean ku di \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee de dixebitin, gelek trajediyan ki\u015fandin. Serdema Beis\u00ea di war\u00ea tedb\u00eer\u00ean li dij\u00ee mezinb\u00fbna \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee \u00fb hewldan\u00ean ji bo s\u00eenordarkirina w\u00ea de, serdema her\u00ee xirab b\u00fb. Ferman \u00fb biryar hatin derxistin ku axaftina bi kurd\u00ee qedexe dikirin \u00fb daxwaza guhartina nav\u00ean bajar \u00fb gund\u00ean kurd\u00ee \u00fb guhertina wan bi y\u00ean ereb\u00ee dikirin. Ev yek ji bo nav\u00ean saziy\u00ean bazirgan\u00ee j\u00ee derbas b\u00fb. Di hin dem\u00ean diyarkir\u00ee de, navl\u00eakirina pitik\u00ean n\u00fb bi nav\u00ean kurd\u00ee qedexe b\u00fb \u00fb stranb\u00eaj\u00ee \u00fb muz\u00eeka kurd\u00ee qedexe b\u00fbn. Wek\u00ee din, di dema Newroz\u00ea de kom\u00ean folklor\u00ee bi zilm \u00fb zordariya kes\u00ean ku di war\u00ean \u015fano, helbest, axaftin \u00fb reqs\u00ean gel\u00ear\u00ee de dixebitin, hatin tac\u00eezkirin (ji bo b\u00eatir agahdar\u00ee, li gotara: Kurted\u00eerokeke zirar\u00ea bin\u00earin, ku di Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan de, 15\u00ea \u00e7ileya 2024an de hatiye we\u015fandin).<\/p>\n

Piraniya nif\u015f\u00ea n\u00fb y\u00ea kurd (Nif\u015f\u00ea Z) ji b\u00eer nakin ka \u00e7iqas \u00ea\u015f ji aliy\u00ea el\u00eet \u00fb \u00e7alakvan\u00ean kurd ve di war\u00ean ziman, \u00e7and \u00fb folklor\u00ea de hatiye ki\u015fandin. Pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 2012an, d\u00eemena kurd\u00ee gelek guhertin \u00fb redkirina berfireh a am\u00fbr\u00ean qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee d\u00eet. Nasnameya kurd\u00ee di bin siya R\u00eaveberiya Xweser \u00fb saziy\u00ean ji bo parastin \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fxistina ziman, radyo \u00fb telev\u00eezyon\u00ea de, bi saya belavb\u00fbna kovar, gotar, pirt\u00fbk\u00ean perwerdehiy\u00ea \u00fb h\u00eenkirina n\u00eevferm\u00ee bi kurd\u00ee, \u00fb herwiha bi saya rol\u00ean \u00e7alakvan\u00ean serbixwe, dest bi mezinb\u00fbn\u00ea kir. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea, israra li ser parastina r\u00eaya ziman\u00ee\/\u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb heta perwerdehiy\u00ea bi kurd\u00ee, ku nif\u015f\u00ean li pey hev ji sal\u00ean 1930\u00ee vir ve daxwaza w\u00ea dikin, b\u00fbye daxwazek ku tu mak\u00eeneya tepeserkirin\u00ea nikare wek\u00ee daxwaza her\u00ee h\u00eaja \u00fb lezg\u00een ji bo kurd\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea pa\u015fguh bike.<\/p>\n

J\u00eader:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a 1999<\/p>\n

2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f-\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2006<\/p>\n

3-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\/\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a-\u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644 2013<\/p>\n

4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0631\u0627\u062c \u0622\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2004<\/p>\n

5-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2013<\/p>\n

6-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 2012<\/p>\n

7-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0644 (\u063a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0633): \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 2021<\/p>\n

8-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2026 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0640\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u062e\u064a: https:\/\/2u.pw\/jplOer<\/p>\n

9-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0638\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 https:\/\/2u.pw\/6skfHH<\/p>\n

10-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634: \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a https:\/\/2u.pw\/ZME0A6<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eore\u015f Derw\u00ee\u015f Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0 Ev made hewl dide ku hewldan\u00ean kurdan \u00ean rizgarb\u00fbn\u00ea ji “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”\u00fb r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna bi w\u00ea re bi\u015fop\u00eene, bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya rol\u00ean ku el\u00eete \u00fb \u00e7alakvan\u00ean kurdan di z\u00eadetir\u00ee sed sal\u00ean bor\u00ee de l\u00eestine. Her\u00e7iqas ku t\u00eageha “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”pi\u015ft\u00ee Holokost\u00ea ket nav edebiyata siyas\u00ee \u00fb bi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,22],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-14460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lekolin","category-manshet"],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00fbbir\u00fby\u00ea "qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee": Nasname, ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-210\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00fbbir\u00fby\u00ea "qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee": Nasname, ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda kurd\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u015eore\u015f Derw\u00ee\u015f Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0 Ev made hewl dide ku hewldan\u00ean kurdan \u00ean rizgarb\u00fbn\u00ea ji “qirkirina \u00e7and\u00ee”\u00fb r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna bi w\u00ea re bi\u015fop\u00eene, bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya rol\u00ean ku el\u00eete \u00fb \u00e7alakvan\u00ean kurdan di z\u00eadetir\u00ee sed sal\u00ean bor\u00ee de l\u00eestine. 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