{"id":14417,"date":"2026-04-26T18:46:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T18:46:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=14417"},"modified":"2026-04-26T18:46:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T18:46:36","slug":"1-199","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-199\/","title":{"rendered":"Di navbera naskirin \u00fb kontrolkirin\u00ea de.. Cih\u00ea kurdan di S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de pi\u015ft\u00ee 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dr. Muslim Ebd Talas<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Naverok<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya jihevxistina modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a berfireh \u00fb destp\u00eakirina entegrasyona gav bi gav di nava dewleta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de, ev made guhartin\u00ean di cih\u00ea kurdan de li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 2026 l\u00eakol\u00een dike. Ev xebat xwe disp\u00eare h\u00eepotezek ku ev p\u00eavajo nikare di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya serkeftin an j\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea de were \u015firovekirin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea wek\u00ee veguherandinek tevlihev di nava binesaziya dewletek\u00ea de ku h\u00een j\u00ee di p\u00eavajoya jin\u00fbveavakirin\u00ea de ye, were n\u00eeqa\u015fkirin.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea madey\u00ea de t\u00ea destn\u00ee\u015fankirin ku guhartina hey\u00ee ne vegera temam a navendiy\u00ea ya beriya sala 2011an ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea t\u00ea d\u00eetin ku modela navendiyeke nerm t\u00ea avakirin. Bi gotineke din, navend biryara serwer di dest\u00ea xwe de dipar\u00eaze, di dema ku di war\u00ea r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb ewlekar\u00ee de, desthilat\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean s\u00eenordar hene. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, kurd ji rew\u015fa serxweb\u00fbna rast\u00een ya ne naskir\u00ee, di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean ne aram de, veguher\u00een naskirineke siyas\u00ee ya s\u00eenordar, l\u00ea b\u00ea seweriyeke gi\u015ft\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Herwiha, di v\u00ea madey\u00ea de t\u00ea diyarkirin ku bandora v\u00ea guhartin\u00ea ne ten\u00ea bi hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea bi dewlet\u00ea re s\u00eenordar dim\u00eene, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bi asta hevgirtina aktor\u00ea kurd\u00ee \u00fb \u015fiyana w\u00ee ya veguhertina m\u00eerasa xwe ya saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ee bo sermayeya siyas\u00ee ya dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ya r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee di nava saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea de j\u00ee. Di encam\u00ea de, ev made n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku p\u00eavajoya hey\u00ee veguhastineke ji modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya berfireh bo h\u00eazeke siyas\u00ee \u00fb saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ee ya z\u00eadetir r\u00eaxistinb\u00fby\u00ee, bi may\u00eena p\u00eavajoya jin\u00fbve dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ya vekir\u00ee di nav \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean z\u00eadetir s\u00eenordarkir\u00ee de.<\/p>\n

P\u00ea\u015fgotin<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean ku ji destp\u00eaka sala 2026an ve li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea qewim\u00eene, careke din pirsek navend\u00ee di l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean dewlet\u00ea y\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer de derxist hol\u00ea, ku gelo entegrasyona R\u00eaveberiya Xweser di nava dewleta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de n\u00ee\u015faneya vegera li navendiy\u00ea ye an j\u00ee avakirina modelek r\u00eavebirin\u00ea ya tevl\u00eehev e.<\/p>\n

Mirov nikare bersiva v\u00ea pirs\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya formuleke dual\u00ee ya h\u00easan de bide, ji ber ku dane n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku p\u00eavajoyek dual\u00ee heye. Ji aliyek\u00ee ve, R\u00eaveberiya Xweser bingeh\u00ean serxweb\u00fbna rasteq\u00een ji dest dane, ango\u00a0 serweriya li ser \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean stratej\u00eek (petrol \u00fb gaz) \u00fb binesaziya le\u015fker\u00ee ya berfireh j\u00ee winda kir (Strachota, 2026; Billion, 2026). Ji aliy\u00ea din ve j\u00ee, aktor\u00ea kurd\u00ee bi tevah\u00ee nehate pa\u015fxistin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea jin\u00fbve hate entegre kirin di nav r\u00eakeftin\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea de, ku di encam\u00ea de gih\u00ee\u015ftiye asteke naskirina siyas\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee, her\u00e7iqas ku ev naskirin s\u00eenordar \u00fb \u015fert\u00ee be j\u00ee (Alloush, 2026; Mishra, 2026).<\/p>\n

Ev made xwe disp\u00eare h\u00eepotezek\u00ea ku maf\u00ean siyas\u00ee di j\u00eengeh\u00ean pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer de ne bi r\u00eaya metn\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee t\u00eane diyarkirin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bi r\u00eaya hevsengiy\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea y\u00ean piral\u00ee, ku faktor\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee, siyas\u00ee, saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee j\u00ee t\u00ea de ne (North et al., 2009; Tilly, 1992). Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, guhartina hey\u00ee ne bidaw\u00eeb\u00fbna doza kurd\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea veguherandineke di nava dewletek\u00ea de ku h\u00een j\u00ee ji aliy\u00ea saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ve lawaz e \u00fb bi gelek aktor\u00ean xwecih\u00ee re di nava nakokiyan de ye (Hawach and Drevon, 2026).<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, diyar e ti\u015ft\u00ea ku qewim\u00een, ne vegera temam a navendiya dewlet\u00ea ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea jin\u00fbve avakirina navendiyeke nerm e, ku t\u00eade biryar\u00ean serwer di dest\u00ea navend\u00ea de dim\u00eenin, l\u00ea di war\u00ea r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb ewlekar\u00ee de derfet\u00ea dide xwer\u00eaveberiyeke xwecih\u00ee ya s\u00eenordar (Gourlay, 2026; Karadjis, 2026). Li ser v\u00ea bingeh\u00ea j\u00ee, gir\u00eengiya nirxandina v\u00ea mijar\u00ea ne ten\u00ea ti\u015ft\u00ea ku kurdan winda kir ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea di f\u00eahmkirina ti\u015ft\u00ea ku \u00e7i ji \u015fiyan\u00ean wan maye \u00fb \u00e7awa ev m\u00eerasa saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ee, le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee ya berhevkir\u00ee dikare veguher\u00eene sermayeya siyas\u00ee ya dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea di nava dewlet\u00ea de (Alloush, 2026).<\/p>\n

Herwiha, di v\u00ea madey\u00ea de pirsek temamker t\u00ea kirin, ku gelo tengb\u00fbna erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya R\u00eaveberiya Xweser d\u00ea bibe sedema k\u00eamb\u00fbna bandora siyas\u00ee, an j\u00ee w\u00ea ji xwer\u00eaveberiyeke erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya berfireh veguher\u00eene bo h\u00eazeke saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ee ya z\u00eadetir bandor di nava dewlet\u00ea de?
\nLi ser bingeha v\u00ea k\u00ea\u015fey\u00ea, ev made veguhertina hey\u00ee anal\u00eez dike bi r\u00eaya \u015firovekirina cewhera modela xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea, aliy\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean lawaz\u00ee, p\u00eavajoya r\u00fbxandin \u00fb jin\u00fbve entegrasyon\u00ea, s\u00eenor\u00ean naskirina siyas\u00ee \u00fb rola m\u00eerasa saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea di jin\u00fbve \u00e7\u00eakirina bandor\u00ea de di nava dewleta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ar\u00e7oveya teor\u00eek: Dewlet, h\u00eaz \u00fb maf\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ev made xwe disp\u00eare n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek anal\u00eezkirina xebat\u00ean l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean li ser avakirina dewlet\u00ea, xebat\u00ean l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean li ser dewlet\u00ea di civak\u00ea de \u00fb xebat\u00ean l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean li ser ne-navend\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya h\u00eebr\u00eed, herwiha ji n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean qan\u00fbna navdewlet\u00ee y\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee maf\u00ea diyarkirina \u00e7aren\u00fbs\u00ea s\u00fbd werdigire. Ev \u00e7ar\u00e7ove armanc dike ku veguherandina cih\u00ea kurdan di nava dewleta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de \u015firove bike, wek encama hevsengiy\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea, ne ten\u00ea wek berhem\u00ea metn\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee an r\u00eakeftin\u00ean saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ee.<\/p>\n

W\u00eajeya avakirina dewlet\u00ea xwe disp\u00eare h\u00eepotezek\u00ea ku dewlet ne ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya saziy\u00ean ferm\u00ee t\u00ea avakirin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bi r\u00eaya \u015fiyan\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean bikaran\u00eena h\u00eaz\u00ea \u00fb serweriy\u00ea li ser \u00e7avkaniyan (petrol \u00fb gaz) \u00fb ferizkirina s\u00eestemeke siyas\u00ee. Ev n\u00ear\u00een pi\u015ftrast dike ku avakirina desthilatdariy\u00ea \u00fb aramiya w\u00ea gir\u00eaday\u00ee \u015fiyana navend\u00ea ye ku h\u00eaz di dest\u00ea xwe de kom bike \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean siyas\u00ee di nava qada xwe de r\u00eaxistin bike (Tilly, 1992). Herwiha, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean North \u00fb y\u00ean din n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku aramiya saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea p\u00eaw\u00eest dike ku h\u00eaz di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya siyas\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee ya berdewam de t\u00ea de were kontrolkirin. L\u00ea ev \u015fert heta niha di rew\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de temam neb\u00fbye (North et al., 2009).<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, xebat\u00ean l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ee y\u00ean li ser dewlet\u00ea di civak\u00ea de t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftineke cuda ya t\u00eakiliy\u00ean di navbera dewlet \u00fb aktor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee de p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea n\u00ear\u00een\u00ea, dewlet wek\u00ee heb\u00fbneke ji civak\u00ea cuda kar nake, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bi r\u00eaya t\u00eakiliy\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea bi h\u00eaz\u00ean xwecih\u00ee re dixebite ku bikevin nava dewlet\u00ea \u00fb ji hundir ve w\u00ea jin\u00fbve ava bikin (Migdal, 2001). Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea d\u00eetin\u00ea, serweriya siyas\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bi bandora ji dervey\u00ee dewlet\u00ea t\u00ea s\u00eenordarkirin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea j\u00ee di hundir\u00ea xwe de \u015fiyana bandorkirina di nava saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea \u00fb erk\u00ean wan dihew\u00eene. Ev \u00e7ar\u00e7ove j\u00ee veguhertina kurdan ji poz\u00eesyonek hema-hema serbixwe ber bi jin\u00fbve bicihb\u00fbnek di nava binesaziya dewlet\u00ea de \u015firove dike.<\/p>\n

W\u00eajeya ne-navend\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya h\u00eebr\u00eed n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku j\u00eengeh\u00ean ku ji \u015fer derketine, k\u00eam caran vedigerin modela dewleteke aram an j\u00ee hevgirt\u00ee ya temam, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ber\u00ea xwe didin saz\u00fbmaniy\u00ean ku di navbera navend\u00ee \u00fb ne-navend\u00ee de ne \u00fb bi ast\u00ean cuda p\u00eak t\u00ean. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, mirov dikare p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna n\u00fb ya li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea wek\u00ee ne-navendiyeke r\u00eaveber\u00ee ya kontrolkir\u00ee f\u00eam bike, ku t\u00eade navend biryar\u00ean serwer di dest\u00ea xwe de dipar\u00eaze \u00fb aktor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee j\u00ee rol\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee y\u00ean s\u00eenordar di war\u00ea r\u00eaveber\u00ee, xizmetguzar\u00ee \u00fb ewlekar\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ee de radibe (Herbst, 2000; Migdal, 2001).<\/p>\n

Ji bo anal\u00eezkirin\u00ea, ev made xwe disp\u00eare s\u00ea t\u00eagih\u00ean kar\u00eeger\u00ee \u200b\u200by\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee hev:<\/p>\n

A yekem\u00een, t\u00eageha navendiya nerm e, ku bal\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene li ser r\u00eabazek r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ku t\u00eade navend biryar\u00ean stratej\u00eek \u00fb \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean serwer (petrol \u00fb gaz) di dest\u00ea xwe de dipar\u00eaze, di heman dem\u00ea de derfet\u00ea dide xwer\u00eaveberiyeke her\u00eam\u00ee ya s\u00eenordar. Ev cure ne t\u00ea wateya ne-navendiyeke siyas\u00ee ya rast\u00een, l\u00ea bel\u00ea jin\u00fbve dabe\u015fkirina kontrolkir\u00ee ya erkan di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya navend\u00ee de ye.<\/p>\n

A duyem\u00een, t\u00eageha naskirina\u00a0 b\u00ea serwer\u00ee, ku bal\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene li ser cureyek\u00ee entegrasyona siyas\u00ee ku t\u00eade aktor\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ee wek\u00ee aliyek\u00ee siyas\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee t\u00ea naskirin, l\u00ea b\u00ea ku serxweb\u00fbneke qan\u00fbn\u00ee an j\u00ee desthilatdariyeke serwer\u00ee were day\u00een. Ev t\u00eageh veguhertina ji rew\u015fa pa\u015fguhkirin \u00fb pa\u015fxistin\u00ea ber bi rew\u015fa naskirina s\u00eenordar di nava saz\u00fbmaniya dewlet\u00ea de, n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/p>\n

A s\u00eayem\u00een, t\u00eageha sermayeya saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ee, ku bal\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene li ser ezm\u00fbn\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee, kadroy\u00ean r\u00eaxistin\u00ee, binesaziya ewlekar\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean ku aktor\u00ea her\u00eam\u00ee di p\u00eavajoya bor\u00ee de berhev kirine. Ev sermaye bi windab\u00fbna kontrola erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ji dest na\u00e7e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea dikare veguher\u00eene bingehek\u00ee dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea di nava dewlet\u00ea de, bi \u015fert\u00ea ku \u015fiyana r\u00eaxistinkirin \u00fb bikaran\u00eena w\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee kord\u00eenekir\u00ee heb\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee lihevhat\u00ee ne bi w\u00eajeya hiq\u00fbqa navnetewey\u00ee ya li ser xwer\u00eavebirin\u00ea re, ku n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean “ne-kolonyal” de, ev maf pir caran b\u00eatir wek\u00ee \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea tevdigere ne wek\u00ee prens\u00eebek xwe-bic\u00eehkir\u00ee (Radpey, 2020). Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, maf\u00ean siyas\u00ee di rew\u015f\u00ean wiha de ji h\u00eala t\u00eakiliya di navbera d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean hiq\u00fbq \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ea de, ne ji h\u00eala metn\u00ean hiq\u00fbq\u00ee y\u00ean ji \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya siyas\u00ee veqetand\u00ee ve t\u00eane avakirin.<\/p>\n

Li ser v\u00ea bingeh\u00ea j\u00ee, maf\u00ean kurdan \u00ean hey\u00ee wek\u00ee maf\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea t\u00eane f\u00eamkirin, ango maf\u00ean ku t\u00eane bi dest xistin \u00fb di nav hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea de t\u00eane parastin, ne wek destkeftiy\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean aram. Ev \u00e7ar\u00e7ove bal\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene li ser away\u00ea bikaran\u00eena derfet\u00ean hey\u00ee y\u00ean di nava dewlet\u00ea de, li \u015f\u00fbna ten\u00ea anal\u00eezkirina ti\u015ft\u00ean ku hatine windakirin.<\/p>\n

Derketin \u00fb cewhera avah\u00eesaz\u00ee ya R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a kurdan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya r\u00fbxandina desthilatdariya dewlet\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 2012an de, modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser li Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea derket hol\u00ea, di demek\u00ea de ku veki\u015f\u00eena h\u00eaz\u00ean hik\u00fbmeta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ji her\u00eam\u00ean berfireh \u00ean bakur-rojhilat valahiyeke siyas\u00ee \u00fb ewlekar\u00ee \u00e7\u00eakir. L\u00ea bel\u00ea, ev valah\u00ee veneguher\u00ee aloziy\u00ea \u00fb aktorek\u00ee siyas\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee ev valah\u00ee bikar an\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaxistineke r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ya her\u00eam\u00ee ya hema-hema serbixwe ava kir. Ev p\u00eavajo s\u00fbd ji berhevkirina p\u00ea\u015f\u00een a r\u00eaxistin\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb m\u00eerasa dir\u00eaj a pa\u015fguhkirina netewey\u00ee wergirt.<\/p>\n

Ev model ne encama ten\u00ea faktorek\u00ee b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea di encama komb\u00fbna s\u00ea h\u00eaman\u00ean sereke de hate avakirin. H\u00eamana yekem\u00een, heb\u00fbna binesaziyeke r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee ku dikarib\u00fb bi lez valahiy\u00ea dagire \u00fb rengek\u00ee desthilatdariy\u00ea feriz bike. H\u00eamana duyem\u00een, neb\u00fbna dewlet\u00ea an j\u00ee k\u00eamb\u00fbna \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya kontrolkirina rasterast. H\u00eamana s\u00eayem\u00een, destekdana navdewlet\u00ee ya ku di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya \u015fer\u00ea li dij DAI\u015e\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye, ev yek j\u00ee s\u00eewaneke le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee peyda kir \u00fb \u015fert\u00ean p\u00eaw\u00eest ji bo berfirehb\u00fbna model\u00ea \u00fb xurtkirina domdariya w\u00ea amade kir (Borain, 2022; Strachota, 2026).”<\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee ku x\u00eetaba siyas\u00ee ya v\u00ea model\u00ea (Modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser) w\u00ea wek\u00ee rengek\u00ee ne-navend\u00ee an j\u00ee r\u00eaveberiyeke xwecih\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kir, l\u00ea bingeha w\u00ea bi taybetmendiyeke h\u00eebr\u00eed dihat nas\u00een. Ji aliyek\u00ee ve, enc\u00fbmen\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb saziy\u00ean xizmetguzar\u00ee y\u00ean xwed\u00ee taybetmendiya n\u00fbnertiy\u00ea hatin avakirin; ji aliyek\u00ee din ve j\u00ee, biryar\u00ean stratej\u00eek di bingehek part\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee ya s\u00eenordarkir\u00ee de mab\u00fbn. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, ev model h\u00eaman\u00ean ne-navend\u00ee di asta x\u00eetaba \u00fb r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea de bi navendiya rast\u00een a di biryarsaziya siyas\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee de re di nava xwe de, dihewand. (Wimmer, 2024; McGee, 2022).<\/p>\n

Aramiya v\u00ea model\u00ea di p\u00eavajoya berfirehb\u00fbn\u00ea de xwe sparte s\u00ea \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean sereke y\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea. A yekem\u00een, \u015fiyana le\u015fker\u00ee b\u00fb ku parastin peyda kir \u00fb kontrola li ser erdn\u00eegar\u00ee p\u00eak an\u00ee. A duyem\u00een, kontrola li ser \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean stratej\u00eek, bi taybet\u00ee petrol, ku bingehek abor\u00ee ya s\u00eenordar \u00e7\u00eakir. \u00c7avkaniya s\u00eayem\u00een j\u00ee destekday\u00eena navdewlet\u00ee b\u00fb, ku roleke gir\u00eeng di parastina hevsengiy\u00ea bi dijmin\u00ean xwecih\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee re de l\u00eest. Hevkariya van h\u00eamanan \u015fert\u00ean p\u00eaw\u00eest ji bo avakirina rengek\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya rast\u00een, b\u00ea naskirina ferm\u00ee, amade kir ku li ser h\u00eaz\u00ea ava b\u00fb b\u00eahtir ji saziy\u00ean seqemg\u00eer.<\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, ev model di asta erdn\u00eegar\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee de ne homojen b\u00fb. Di p\u00eavajoya \u015fer de berfireh b\u00fb \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ean bi piraniya ereb j\u00ee di nav xwe de girt, bi taybet\u00ee li Reqa \u00fb D\u00earazor\u00ea. Ev yek j\u00ee b\u00fb sedema \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbna valahiyek di navbera kontrola le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb binesaziya civak\u00ee de. Di dema ku ev model li her\u00eam\u00ean dil\u00ea kurd\u00ee de z\u00eadetir r\u00fbni\u015ftib\u00fb, li her\u00eam\u00ean ku di p\u00eavajoya berfirehb\u00fbn\u00ea de hatib\u00fbn z\u00eadekirin, k\u00eamtir r\u00fbni\u015ftib\u00fb; ev j\u00ee asteng\u00ee li ber \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya afirandina rewab\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee ya hevgirt\u00ee li seranser\u00ea erdn\u00eegar\u00ee dan\u00ee (Karadjis, 2026).<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, erdn\u00eegariya v\u00ea model\u00ea bi xwe j\u00ee belav b\u00fb, ango gir\u00eadaneke her\u00eam\u00ee ya aram di navbera Efr\u00een, Koban\u00ea \u00fb Ciz\u00eer\u00ea de tune b\u00fb. Ev faktor b\u00fb astengiyeke bingeh\u00een li ber veguhertina kontrola le\u015fker\u00ee bo heb\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee ya aram \u00fb demdir\u00eaj.<\/p>\n

Li k\u00ealeka v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, berfirehb\u00fbna v\u00ea model\u00ea pirrengiya di hundir\u00ea aktor\u00ea kurd\u00ee de hilnewe\u015fand, \u00e7i li ser asta siyas\u00ee an j\u00ee r\u00eaxistin\u00ee. Tev\u00ee ku ev pirreng\u00ee, ne wek\u00ee faktorek\u00ee lawaziy\u00ea derket hol\u00ea, l\u00ea bel\u00ea b\u00fb s\u00eenorek\u00ee ve\u015fart\u00ee li ber \u015fiyana yekgirtina biryara siyas\u00ee. Bandora v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee di p\u00eavajoya pa\u015fdeveki\u015fandin\u00ea de bi awayek\u00ee zelal derket hol\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Li ser v\u00ee bingeh\u00ee j\u00ee, mirov dikare modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser wek\u00ee rengek\u00ee r\u00eaveberiya h\u00eebr\u00eed ku di \u015fert\u00fbmerc\u00ean awarte de derket hol\u00ea, f\u00eam bike. Ev model xwe sparte hevsengiy\u00ean \u015fert\u00ee di navbera h\u00eaza le\u015fker\u00ee, destekday\u00eena navdewlet\u00ee \u00fb valahiya saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea de. Ev model \u015fert\u00ean p\u00eaw\u00eest ji bo avakirina r\u00eaveberiyeke rast\u00een \u00fb berfireh amade kir, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ne veguher\u00ee saz\u00eeb\u00fbneke aram, ji ber ku xwe sparte \u015fert\u00ean ku di demdir\u00eaj de nay\u00ean berdewamkirin.<\/p>\n

Nakokiy\u00ean avah\u00eesaz\u00ee \u00fb lawaziya modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mirov nikare lawaziya modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser ten\u00ea bi faktor\u00ean derve re rave bike, ji ber ku bingeha w\u00ea ya navxwey\u00ee t\u00eade nakok\u00ee heb\u00fb, lewra berdewamkirina w\u00ea s\u00eenordar ma. Ev nakok\u00ee li ser ast\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee hev derketin hol\u00ea, wek cewher\u00ea desthilatdariy\u00ea, binesaziya civak\u00ee, abor\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaxistina siyas\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Li ser asta saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea j\u00ee, x\u00eetaba ne-navend\u00ee bi rast\u00ee li ser navendiyeke di biryara siyas\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee de hat bicihkirin. Ev model li ser bingeha enc\u00fbmen\u00ean xwecih\u00ee \u00fb pirrengiy\u00ea hat avakirin, l\u00ea biryar\u00ean stratej\u00eek s\u00eenordar \u00fb navend\u00ee man. Ev yek n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku di nava model\u00ea de ne-navendiya \u015fekl\u00ee \u00fb navendiya rast\u00een bi hev re t\u00eane d\u00eetin (Wimmer, 2024; McGee, 2022). Ev nakok\u00ee \u015fiyana saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ya bingeh\u00een ya bandora rast\u00een li ser \u00e7\u00eakirina biryar\u00ea s\u00eenordar kir \u00fb taybetmendiya be\u015fdarb\u00fbn\u00ea j\u00ee k\u00eam kir.<\/p>\n

Li ser asta civak\u00ee j\u00ee, berfirehb\u00fbna erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea ne bi qas\u00ee entegrasyona siyas\u00ee b\u00fb. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, modela li her\u00eam\u00ean piraniya xwe ereb, ne be\u015fek ji bingeha xwe ya civak\u00ee b\u00fb, bi taybet\u00ee li Reqa \u00fb D\u00earazor\u00ea. Ev yek b\u00fb sedema \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbna valahiyek di navbera kontrola r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb er\u00eakirina civak\u00ee de (Karadjis, 2026). Ji ber v\u00ea nakokiy\u00ea, rewab\u00fbn\u00ea v\u00ea model\u00ea di navbera her\u00eaman de cudab\u00fbn heb\u00fb \u00fb ev serwer\u00ee veneguher\u00ee entegrasyona siyas\u00ee ya aram.
\nLi ser asta abor\u00ee j\u00ee, ev model\u00ea nikar\u00eeb\u00fb bingeheke p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ea ya hevseng \u00e7\u00eabike, tev\u00ee heb\u00fbna \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean gir\u00eeng, bi taybet\u00ee petrol\u00ea. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, r\u00eaveberiya van \u00e7avkaniyan navend\u00ee ma \u00fb veneguher\u00ee bingeheke abor\u00ee ya xwecih\u00ee \u00fb domdar. Di heman dem\u00ea de, abor\u00ee gir\u00eaday\u00ee \u015fert\u00fbmerc\u00ean \u015fer \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean derve ma, ev yek j\u00ee s\u00eenorek li ber \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya p\u00eakan\u00eena aramiyeke demdir\u00eaj \u00e7\u00eakir (Borain, 2022; Wimmer, 2024).<\/p>\n

Li ser asta ewlekar\u00ee j\u00ee, ev model di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya \u015fer\u00ea domdar de kar dikir, ev yek j\u00ee h\u00ee\u015ft ku gir\u00eengiyeke mezin ji xebat\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee re li ser hesab\u00ea berfirehkirina be\u015fdarb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee were day\u00een. Di demek\u00ea de ku ewlekar\u00ee b\u00fb \u015fert\u00ea bingeh\u00een y\u00ea may\u00een\u00ea, xebat\u00ean siv\u00eel pa\u015fde ma \u00fb biryar\u00ean siyas\u00ee z\u00eadetir gir\u00eaday\u00ee \u015fert\u00fbmerc\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee b\u00fbn. Di encam\u00ea de, hevsengiya di navbera civak \u00fb desthilatdariy\u00ea de xerab b\u00fb (Borain, 2022).<\/p>\n

Li k\u00ealeka v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, erdn\u00eegar\u00ee jihev belav b\u00fb \u00fb berdewam\u00ee neb\u00fb, ango gir\u00eadaneke her\u00eam\u00ee ya aram di navbera Efr\u00een, Koban\u00ea \u00fb Ciz\u00eer\u00ea de tune b\u00fb. Ev faktor b\u00fb astengiyeke bingeh\u00een li p\u00ea\u015fiya avakirina heb\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee ya hevgirt\u00ee, herwiha b\u00fb sedem ku parastina yekgirt\u00ee ya erdn\u00eegar\u00ee \u00e7\u00eanebe (Karadjis, 2026).<\/p>\n

Herwiha, binesaziya demograf\u00eek j\u00ee roleke gir\u00eeng di v\u00ea lawaziy\u00ea de l\u00eest. Her\u00eama ku ev model t\u00eade \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb, ne hevgirt\u00ee b\u00fb, ji ber ku her\u00eam\u00ean xwed\u00ee nif\u00fbs\u00ean cuda digirt nava xwe, bi taybet\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ean ku di p\u00eavajoya \u015fer de ev model t\u00eade berfireh b\u00fb. Ev nakok\u00ee b\u00fb asteng\u00ee li ber veguhertina kontrola le\u015fker\u00ee bo rewab\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee ya aram. Ev yek j\u00ee li gor\u00ee xebat\u00ean teor\u00eek \u00ean avakirina dewlet\u00ea gir\u00eengiya lihevhatina di navbera serwer\u00ee \u00fb binesaziya civak\u00ee de n\u00ee\u015fan dide(Tilly, 1992).<\/p>\n

Ev faktor nikarin ji pirrengiya siyas\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaxistin\u00ee ya di hundir\u00ea tevgera kurd\u00ee de were cudakirin. Bi heb\u00fbna gelek aliyan \u00ean xwed\u00ee meyl\u00ean cuda, ne h\u00easan b\u00fb ku helwesteke siyas\u00ee ya yekgirt\u00ee an j\u00ee stratejiyeke demdir\u00eaj were avakirin; ev j\u00ee b\u00fb sedema ku kurd nikarib\u00fbn bi awayek\u00ee hevgirt\u00ee bi guhartin\u00ean ku \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn, xwe amade bikirine.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, lawaziya v\u00ea model\u00ea ne ten\u00ea ji ber fi\u015far\u00ean derve b\u00fb, l\u00ea ji ber astengiy\u00ean navxwey\u00ee ku dewamkirina w\u00ea de s\u00eenor kir. Ev model di nav xwe de armanca siyas\u00ee ya berfireh bi erd\u00eengariyeke nakok, x\u00eetaba ne-navend\u00ee bi bingeha biryara navend\u00ee \u00fb berfirehb\u00fbna le\u015fker\u00ee ya lezg\u00een bi entegrasyona civak\u00ee ya s\u00eenordar re, dihewand. Bi guhartina hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea re, ev nakok\u00ee ji astengiy\u00ean ve\u015fart\u00ee veguher\u00een faktor\u00ean rasterast y\u00ean lezkirina pa\u015fdeveki\u015fandin\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ji t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna dan\u00fbstandinan ber bi hilwe\u015f\u00eena hevsengiy\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Guhartina ku li her\u00eam\u00ean Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriy\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 2026an \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb, ne encama k\u00ealiyeke ji ni\u015fk\u00ea ve b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee p\u00eavajoyeke t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna dan\u00fbstandinan hat, ku c\u00fbdab\u00fbna bingeh\u00een di n\u00ear\u00eena her aliyek\u00ee ya li ser cewher\u00ea dewlet\u00ea de e\u015fkere kir. Dewlet\u00ea li ser karan\u00eena h\u00eaz\u00ea(hem\u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb ewlekar\u00ee di dest\u00ea w\u00ea de be) \u00fb yekitiya saziyan israr kir, l\u00ea aliy\u00ea kurd hewl da ku rengek\u00ee ji xweseriy\u00ea ewlekar\u00ee \u00fb \u00eedar\u00ee bipar\u00eaze, di nav de j\u00ee kurdan xwest ku h\u00eaza xwe ya le\u015fker\u00ee bixe nava art\u00ea\u015fa S\u00fbriyay\u00ea wek\u00ee blokeke yekgirt\u00ee (van Wilgenburg, 2026).<\/p>\n

Ev cudab\u00fbn ne bi awayek\u00ee h\u00easan dihate \u00e7areserkirin, ji ber ku ne ten\u00ea gir\u00eaday\u00ee dabe\u015fkirina desthilatdariy\u00ea di nav yek model\u00ea de b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea nakokiyeke bingeh\u00een di navbera du n\u00ear\u00een\u00ean cuda y\u00ean ji dewlet\u00ea re b\u00fb. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, encam\u00ean dan\u00fbstandinan s\u00eenordar man \u00fb bi her guhartina hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea re rast\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb rawestandinan dihat.<\/p>\n

Veguhartina biryardar bi guhartina e\u015fkere ya hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea ve \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb, ku di encam\u00ea de li gor\u00ee berjewendiy\u00ean \u015eam\u00ea b\u00fb. Di heman dem\u00ea de, destekday\u00eena navdewlet\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee k\u00eam b\u00fb, fi\u015far\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee z\u00eade b\u00fbn \u00fb tevl\u00eeheviy\u00ean navxwey\u00ee li hin her\u00eaman z\u00eade b\u00fbn, bi taybet\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ean ku modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser di civak\u00ea de cih\u00ea xwe k\u00eam girtib\u00fb. Ji ber t\u00eakiliya van faktor\u00ean hevbe\u015f, kontrola li ser bajar \u00fb \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean stratej\u00eek (wek petrol, bendav \u00fb hwd.) bi lez t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fb, ku ev yek bi awayek\u00ee rasterast bandor li \u015fiyana kurdan kir ku di dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean siyas\u00ee de helwesta wan lawaz be (Strachota, 2026; Billion, 2026; Stevenson, 2026).<\/p>\n

Ev veguher\u00een hem berhevkir\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee bilez b\u00fb. Windakirina \u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb navend\u00ean sereke ne b\u00fbyerek ten\u00ea b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea b\u00fb sedema hilwe\u015f\u00eena r\u00eaze\u00e7alakiy\u00ean di avahiya r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee de, ji ber ku \u015fiyana bir\u00eavebirina her\u00eama erdn\u00eegar\u00ee k\u00eam b\u00fb, zext\u00ean navxwey\u00ee z\u00eade b\u00fbn \u00fb parastina hevgirtina saziyan dijwartir b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Herwiha, faktora navdewlet\u00ee roleke sereke di jin\u00fbve p\u00eanasekirina s\u00eenor\u00ea siyas\u00ee de l\u00eest. Di encam\u00ea de, destekday\u00eena navdewlet\u00ee ku yek ji st\u00fbn\u00ean aramiya modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser b\u00fb, h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee k\u00eam b\u00fb. Di heman dem\u00ea de meyl\u00ean navdewlet\u00ee ber bi entegrasyona van her\u00eaman nava dewleta S\u00fbriy\u00ea z\u00eade b\u00fbn. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ev p\u00eavajo dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea s\u00eenordar kir \u00fb nikarib\u00fb rew\u015fek n\u00fb li ser p\u00eavajoya dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ferz bikire. (Jeffrey and Margolin, 2025; Abdulkareem, 2026; Gourlay, 2026).<\/p>\n

Ev p\u00eavajo ji atmosf\u00eara her\u00eam\u00ee nay\u00ea cudakirin, ji ber ku hevsengiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, bi taybet\u00ee rola Tirkiy\u00ea, vebijark\u00ean berdest li p\u00ea\u015fiya kurdan s\u00eenordar kirin, \u00e7i bi r\u00eaya fi\u015fara le\u015fker\u00ee be \u00fb \u00e7i j\u00ee bi bandorkirina helwesta aktor\u00ean navdewlet\u00ee. Ev rew\u015f b\u00fb sedema ku berdewamkirina modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser bibe vebijarek bi l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbna z\u00eade \u00fb \u015fans\u00ean domandin\u00ea w\u00ea k\u00eam bibe.<\/p>\n

Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee, p\u00eavajoya dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ji rew\u015feke hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea di navbera herdu aliyan de, veguher\u00ee rew\u015feke ku t\u00ea de aliy\u00ea her\u00ee h\u00eaz \u015fert\u00ean xwe ferz dike. \u00cad\u00ee dan\u00fbstandin ne li ser reng\u00ea dabe\u015fkirina desthilatdariy\u00ea b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea li ser \u015fert\u00ean entegrasyon\u00ea di nav bingeha dewletek\u00ea de ku jin\u00fbve t\u00ea avakirin.<\/p>\n

Ev p\u00eavajo a\u015fkere dike ku encam\u00ean dan\u00fbstandinan di j\u00eengeh\u00ean ji \u015fer derket\u00ee de, bi metn\u00ean niv\u00eesk\u00ee y\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fwext nay\u00ean diyarkirin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bi guhartina hevsengiy\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea re jin\u00fbve \u00e7\u00eadibin. Li ser v\u00ee esas\u00ee j\u00ee, ti\u015ft\u00ea ku \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb ne encama peymanek\u00ea b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea encama guhartina \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea bi xwe b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Entegrasyona berdewam \u00fb \u015f\u00eaweya r\u00eavebiriya n\u00fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u015ft\u00ean ku li bakur \u00fb rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea diqewimin, nay\u00ean famkirin wek\u00ee b\u00fbyerek yekane ku bi \u00eemzekirina peyman\u00ean siyas\u00ee an le\u015fker\u00ee bi daw\u00ee b\u00fbye. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, div\u00ea ew wek\u00ee p\u00eavajoyek berdewam were d\u00eetin ku t\u00eakiliya di navbera hik\u00fbmeta navend\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eaman de li ser \u00e7end astan ji n\u00fb ve \u015fekil dide. Ev p\u00eavajo veguhestina kontrola \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean stratej\u00eek, deriy\u00ean s\u00eenor \u00fb avahiy\u00ean serwer bo dewlet\u00ea, digel jin\u00fbveorgan\u00eezekirina heb\u00fbna le\u015fker\u00ee bi r\u00eaya entegrasyona be\u015f\u00ee \u00fb kontrolkir\u00ee \u00fb herwiha entegrekirina avahiy\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee di nav saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea de vedihew\u00eene. (Crisis Group, 2026)<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev veguher\u00een neb\u00fbye sedema hilwe\u015fandina tevah\u00ee ya avahiy\u00ean xwecih\u00ee. Hin \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiya her\u00eam\u00ee berdewam kirine, nemaze li navenda kurdan. Wek\u00ee din, hin model\u00ean entegrasyon\u00ea, nemaze li Heseke \u00fb Kobaniy\u00ea, be\u015f\u00ee b\u00fbne \u00fb hin rol\u00ean hin aktor\u00ean xwecih\u00ee di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya n\u00fb de hatine parastin (Karadjis, 2026).<\/p>\n

Ev yek n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku ev \u015f\u00eaweya derket\u00ee ne vegera hi\u015fk a navend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve \u015fekildana navend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ye bo \u015f\u00eaweyek\u00ee nermtir. Di v\u00ea \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea de, hik\u00fbmeta navend\u00ee kontrola xwe li ser biryardana serwer\u00ee, di nav de tay\u00eenkirin\u00ean payebilind, r\u00eaveberiya \u00e7avkaniyan \u00fb \u00e7\u00eakirina siyaseta gi\u015ft\u00ee dipar\u00eaze, di heman dem\u00ea de aktor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee di war\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee, xizmetguzar\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiya rojane de rol\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea y\u00ean s\u00eenorkir\u00ee dist\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00eaweya saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya derket\u00ee li Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea dikare bi r\u00eaya cudahiya ku di w\u00eajeya nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea de di navbera nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbna r\u00eaveber\u00ee, wekaletkirina peywir\u00ee \u00fb nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbna siyas\u00ee de t\u00ea kirin were f\u00eamkirin (Rondinelli, 1981; Falleti, 2005). Her \u00e7end ya pa\u015f\u00een behsa veguhestina rast\u00een a h\u00eaza siyas\u00ee \u00fb daray\u00ee bo yek\u00eeney\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ean bi xweseriya qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb rewatiya tems\u00eel\u00ee dike j\u00ee, daney\u00ean di doza S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de pi\u015ftgir\u00eeya veguhastinek wiha nakin. Ev r\u00eazikname n\u00eaz\u00eektir\u00ee tevl\u00eeheviyek wekaletkirina r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb peywir\u00ee ye, ku t\u00ea de hin erk b\u00eay\u00ee veguhastina rast\u00een a h\u00eaza siyas\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve t\u00eane belavkirin. Saziy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee wek\u00ee yek\u00eeney\u00ean serbixwe bi rewatiya tems\u00eel\u00ee ya tevah\u00ee kar nakin, l\u00ea di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean operasyon\u00ea de ku di bin \u00e7avd\u00eariya navend\u00ee de ne, dixebitin, ku ev yek nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbna hey\u00ee dike nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee, ne nenavend\u00eeb\u00fbneke siyas\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Heb\u00fbna van marj\u00eenan meyla gi\u015ft\u00ee ya ber bi navend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ve naguher\u00eene; berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew w\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve saz dike. H\u00eamana diyarker ne domandina avahiy\u00ean xwecih\u00ee bi xwe ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea k\u00ee biryar\u00ean stratej\u00eek diyar dike \u00fb k\u00ee \u00e7avkan\u00ee \u00fb tund\u00fbt\u00fbjiya serwer kontrol dike. Bi parastina van h\u00eamanan ji h\u00eala navend\u00ea ve, r\u00eaveberiya xwecih\u00ee dibe be\u015fek ji avahiyeke navend\u00ee ya berfirehtir, ne li \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n

Di heman dem\u00ea de, ev formul \u00e7end peywiran p\u00eak t\u00eene. Ew l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbna kontrola rasterast li ser her\u00eaman k\u00eam dike, r\u00ea dide kontrolkirina tengezariy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb b\u00eay\u00ee hewcedariya ji n\u00fbveavakirina kontrola navend\u00ee ya tevah\u00ee astek aramiy\u00ea peyda dike. Ew di heman dem\u00ea de r\u00ea dide entegrekirina aktor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee di nav dewlet\u00ea de, li \u015f\u00fbna ku ew li dervey\u00ee w\u00ea bim\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, bandora v\u00ea marj\u00eena xwecih\u00ee ne bi heb\u00fbna w\u00ea ya ferm\u00ee ve, l\u00ea bi \u015fiyana aktor\u00ean xwecih\u00ee ya \u00e7alakkirina w\u00ea ve t\u00ea destn\u00ee\u015fankirin. Ev marj\u00een dikare di bandora xwe de s\u00eenordar bim\u00eene ger bi rol\u00ean r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ve s\u00eenorkir\u00ee be, an j\u00ee ew dikare veguhere qadeke bandora dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ger ji bo avakirina heb\u00fbnek saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya domdar di nav am\u00fbr\u00ean dewlet\u00ea de were bikaran\u00een.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, entegrasyona berdewam n\u00ee\u015fan nade ku rola aktor\u00ean xwecih\u00ee bi daw\u00ee dibe, l\u00ea bel\u00ea \u015fert\u00ean w\u00ea rol\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanase dike. Bandor \u00ead\u00ee bi kontrola erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya berfireh ve ne gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bi \u015fiyana xebat\u00ea di nav saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea de \u00fb bandorkirina li ser peywir\u00ean wan di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala hik\u00fbmeta navend\u00ee ve hatine destn\u00ee\u015fankirin de ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Naskirina b\u00ea serwer\u00ee: Cewher \u00fb s\u00eenor\u00ean destkeftin\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee k\u00eamb\u00fbna e\u015fkere ya serxweb\u00fbna rast\u00een, veguher\u00eena berdewam nikare wek\u00ee vegera rew\u015fa ber\u00ea ya d\u00fbrxistin\u00ea were f\u00eamkirin. Rew\u015fa kurdan di nav dewleta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de guher\u00eeneke bingeh\u00een derbas kiriye, ji marj\u00eenal\u00eezekirina avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea ber bi aktorek naskir\u00ee di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya dan\u00fbstandin \u00fb jin\u00fbvesazkirina saziyan de. Ev yek di tevl\u00eab\u00fbna wan di r\u00eaziknamey\u00ean \u00eedar\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiy\u00ea de, naskirina hin maf\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb ziman\u00ee \u00fb berdewamiya form\u00ean s\u00eenorkir\u00ee y\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya xwecih\u00ee li dever\u00ean taybet\u00ee de diyar e (Alloush, 2026; Mishra, 2026; Karadjis, 2026).<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev veguher\u00een ji \u015fir\u00eekatiya rast\u00een a serweriy\u00ea k\u00eam e \u00fb ne j\u00ee formeke aram a xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ava dike. Entegrasyona berdewam di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek\u00ea de p\u00eak t\u00ea ku dewlet kontrola xwe li ser biryardana stratej\u00eek dipar\u00eaze, bi v\u00ee away\u00ee naskirin\u00ea bi s\u00eenor\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala desthilatdariya navend\u00ee ve hatine destn\u00ee\u015fankirin s\u00eenordar dike. Di encam\u00ea de, destkeftiya hey\u00ee veguheztina rast\u00een a h\u00eaz\u00ea tems\u00eel nake, l\u00ea bel\u00ea entegrasyoneke siyas\u00ee ya bi\u015fert e.<\/p>\n

Ev \u015f\u00eawaz paradokseke bingeh\u00een di veguher\u00eena berdewam de e\u015fkere dike. Ji aliyek\u00ee ve, k\u00eamb\u00fbneke e\u015fkere di serxweb\u00fbna rast\u00een de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye, bi windakirina kontrola li ser \u00e7avkaniyan \u00fb dever\u00ean erdn\u00eegar\u00ee y\u00ean berfireh. Ji aliy\u00ea din ve, di asta naskirina siyas\u00ee de di nav dewlet\u00ea de ba\u015fb\u00fbneke be\u015f\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku veguher\u00een nikare di war\u00ea qezenc an windab\u00fbn\u00ea de were f\u00eamkirin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea wek\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve bicihkirinek ku pa\u015fketin\u00ean li hin deveran bi destkeftiy\u00ean li y\u00ean din re dike yek.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, bandora v\u00ea naskirin\u00ea di bandora xwe de s\u00eenordar dim\u00eene heya ku ew neguhere heb\u00fbneke saz\u00fbman\u00ee \u00fb bir\u00eaxistin\u00ee. Heb\u00fbna w\u00ea ya berdewam di asta r\u00eaziknamey\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee an sembol\u00eek de w\u00ea ji \u015f\u00eerovekirin an berevaj\u00eekirin\u00ea re hesas dike, nemaze di neb\u00fbna garantiy\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean aram de. Wek\u00ee din, xwezaya w\u00ea ya dan\u00fbstandin\u00ee w\u00ea bi domandina hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee dike, ne bi statuyek yasay\u00ee ya ewle.<\/p>\n

Ev s\u00eenorkirin ji ber pirrengiya siyas\u00ee di nav tevgera kurd\u00ee de z\u00eadetir dibe. Belavkirina v\u00ea naskirin\u00ea di navbera gelek aliy\u00ean nehevr\u00eaz de dikare bandora w\u00ea ya berhevkir\u00ee qels bike, w\u00ea ji sermayeyek potansiyel veguher\u00eene heb\u00fbneke par\u00e7eb\u00fby\u00ee ku wergerandina w\u00ea di nav saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea de zehmet e ku bibe bandorek bi bandor.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, pirsgir\u00eak ne di bidestxistina naskirin\u00ea bi xwe de ye, l\u00ea di away\u00ea karan\u00eena w\u00ea de ye. Ev naskirin dikare s\u00eenordar bim\u00eene ger bi kapas\u00eeteya r\u00eaxistin\u00ee re nebe, an j\u00ee ger di nav stratejiyek zelal de were bikaran\u00een dikare bibe bingehek ji bo avakirina bandora saz\u00fbman\u00ee.<\/p>\n

M\u00eerateya saz\u00fbman\u00ee wek\u00ee sermayeya siyas\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her \u00e7end anal\u00eez\u00ea serxweb\u00fbna rast\u00een \u00fb qada erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya berfireh a ku ji h\u00eala aktor\u00ean kurd ve winda b\u00fbye zelal kiriye j\u00ee, w\u00eane b\u00eay\u00ee ku \u015fiyan \u00fb pisporiya ku wan di sal\u00ean xweseriya xwe de berhev kirine, ku dikarin ji n\u00fb ve werin bikaran\u00een, were hesibandin, ne temam dim\u00eene. V\u00ea ezm\u00fbn\u00ea avahiyek berfireh a karmend\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee, pisporiya r\u00eaxistin\u00ee \u00fb avahiy\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, ligel tor\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb navnetewey\u00ee \u00fb ezm\u00fbna dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ya berhevkir\u00ee, \u00e7\u00eakir.<\/p>\n

Ev m\u00eerat bi k\u00eamb\u00fbna kontrola ax\u00ea winda nabe; berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew wek\u00ee \u00e7avkaniyek ve\u015fart\u00ee berdewam dike ku dikare di nav dewlet\u00ea de veguhere sermayeya siyas\u00ee. Ev xwe di \u015fiyana xebitandina di nav saziy\u00ean ferm\u00ee de, be\u015fdarb\u00fbna di r\u00eavebirina kar\u00fbbar\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee de \u00fb bandorkirina li ser p\u00eakan\u00eena siyaset\u00ea di asta rojane de n\u00ee\u015fan dide, ku heke bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eestemat\u00eek were bikaran\u00een, ji rolek r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ya s\u00eenorkir\u00ee w\u00eadetir di\u00e7e.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev veguher\u00een bixweber \u00e7\u00eanabe. Heb\u00fbna v\u00ea sermayey\u00ea ne hewce ye ku bibe bandora rast\u00een, ji ber ku bandora w\u00ea bi \u015fertek bingeh\u00een ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye: \u015fiyana r\u00eaxistinkirin \u00fb hevr\u00eazkirina w\u00ea. Di peyzajek siyas\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaxistin\u00ee ya piral\u00ee de, bi gelek navend\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea, ev m\u00eerat xetereya par\u00e7eb\u00fbn\u00ea heye, ji ber ku ew bi awayek\u00ee paralel \u00fb par\u00e7ekir\u00ee t\u00ea bikaran\u00een, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee bandora w\u00ea ya berhevkir\u00ee qels dibe.<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee din, neb\u00fbna mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean zelal ji bo ji n\u00fb ve entegrekirina personel \u00fb pisporiy\u00ea di nav avahiya saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya dewlet\u00ea de dibe ku bibe sedema ku ev sermaye li dervey\u00ee p\u00eavajoya siyas\u00ee bim\u00eene an j\u00ee bibe potansiyela nehat\u00ee bikaran\u00een. Di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de, m\u00eerateya saz\u00fbman\u00ee winda nabe, l\u00ea h\u00eaza xwe ya dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea winda dike.<\/p>\n

Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ev sermaye dikare bibe \u00e7avkaniyek bandor\u00ea heke bi r\u00eabaz\u00ean prat\u00eek\u00ee were \u00e7alakkirin. Ev t\u00ea de jin\u00fbveentegrekirina kesayet\u00ean r\u00eaveber\u00ee di nav saziy\u00ean ferm\u00ee de, parastina heb\u00fbnek di sektor\u00ean xizmetguzariy\u00ea \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee de, karan\u00eena pisporiya ewlehiy\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek naskir\u00ee de \u00fb berdewamiya \u00e7alakiya siyas\u00ee ya r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee di nav saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea de hene.<\/p>\n

Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea ve, pirs \u00ead\u00ee ne parastina modela hey\u00ee ya xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ew e ku meriv \u00e7awa m\u00eerata w\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek cuda de bi kar b\u00eene. Bi tengb\u00fbna qada erdn\u00eegar\u00ee re, balki\u015fandina ser bandora saziy\u00ee di nav dewlet\u00ea de dibe c\u00eegir\u00ea kontrola rasterast li dervey\u00ee s\u00eenor\u00ean w\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, m\u00eerata saziy\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bermahiyeke serdemeke ber\u00ea ye, l\u00ea am\u00fbrek potansiyel e ji bo hilberandina bandor\u00ea di bin \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean n\u00fb de. L\u00eabel\u00ea, p\u00eakan\u00eena v\u00ea potansiyel\u00ea bi \u015fiyana aktoran ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye ku w\u00ea wek\u00ee heb\u00fbnek hevpar \u00fb hevr\u00eazkir\u00ee bihesib\u00eenin, ne \u00e7avkaniyek ku di navbera aliy\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fbaz de t\u00ea belav kirin.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fbvearastkirina cih\u00ea kurd\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi tengb\u00fbna qada erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya ku di sal\u00ean berfirehb\u00fbn\u00ea de bi modela xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ve hatiye dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirin, \u00eeht\u00eemala jin\u00fbvearastkirina pirsa kurd\u00ee li dora navenda w\u00ea ya d\u00eerok\u00ee, bi taybet\u00ee Efr\u00een, Koban\u00ee \u00fb Cez\u00eer\u00ea, derdikeve hol\u00ea. Ev guhartin ne ten\u00ea pa\u015fveki\u015fandinek erdn\u00eegar\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide, l\u00ea dikare wek\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve sererastkirina qada siyas\u00ee were f\u00eamkirin da ku bi avahiya civak\u00ee ya rast\u00een re li hev bike.<\/p>\n

Di qonaxa berfirehb\u00fbn\u00ea de, giha\u015ftina erdn\u00eegar\u00ee giraniya siyas\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee ya mezintir peyda kir, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de qelsiya avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea j\u00ee hilgirt ku ji nehevsengiya demograf\u00eek \u00fb entegrasyona siyas\u00ee ya qels li hin deveran, nemaze li her\u00eam\u00ean ku piraniya wan ereb in di dema \u015fer de hatine gir\u00eadan, derdikeve hol\u00ea (Karadjis, 2026). Her ku ev c\u00eeh teng dibe, balki\u015fandina ser dever\u00ean ku bi awayek\u00ee civak\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne, dibe vebijarkeke dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ya guncawtir.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, vej\u00eena pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean m\u00eena Efr\u00een \u00fb Ser\u00ea Kaniy\u00ea gir\u00eengiyeke taybet\u00ee bi dest dixe, ne ten\u00ea ji perspekt\u00eefeke mirov\u00ee an demograf\u00eek ve, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de wek\u00ee be\u015fek ji ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanasekirina qada ku daxwaz\u00ean siyas\u00ee dikarin li dora w\u00ea werin navendkirin. Ev n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku kurtb\u00fbna modela ber\u00ea nay\u00ea wateya windab\u00fbna pirsgir\u00eaka kurd, l\u00ea bel\u00ea veguher\u00eena w\u00ea bo qadeke b\u00eatir komkir\u00ee di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya d\u00eerok\u00ee ya kurd de (Karadjis, 2026; Gourlay, 2026).<\/p>\n

Ev guhartin di heman dem\u00ea de r\u00ea dide k\u00eamkirina nakokiya di navbera kontrola siyas\u00ee \u00fb avahiya civak\u00ee de, nakokiyeke ku di qonaxa ber\u00ea de yek ji \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean qelsiy\u00ea p\u00eak dian\u00ee. Her ku qada siyas\u00ee bi p\u00eakhateya demograf\u00eek re b\u00eatir li hev bike, \u015fans\u00ean hilber\u00eena me\u015fr\u00fbiyeteke stab\u00eeltir mezintir dibin, nemaze di haw\u00eerdorek pi\u015ft\u00ee pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea de ku bi hesasiyeteke bilind a li hember mijar\u00ean tems\u00eel \u00fb nasnamey\u00ea ve t\u00eate diyarkirin (Hawach \u00fb Drevon, 2026).<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev guhertin bixweber \u00e7\u00eanabe. Ew ji n\u00fb ve r\u00eazkirina p\u00ea\u015f\u00eeniy\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb jin\u00fbveberal\u00eekirina hewldan\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ber bi v\u00ea qada hevgirt\u00eetir ve hewce dike, li \u015f\u00fbna ku berdewamiya parastina modelek erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya berfireh ku kar\u00eegeriya xwe winda kiriye. Serkeftina v\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi \u015fiyana aktoran ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye ku helwest\u00ean xwe hevr\u00eaz bikin \u00fb ji dubarekirina par\u00e7eb\u00fbna ku ber\u00ea bandorkeriya dan\u00fbstandin\u00ean wan asteng dikir d\u00fbr bisekinin.<\/p>\n

Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee, tengb\u00fbna erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ne hewce ye ku k\u00eamb\u00fbna bandorkeriy\u00ea tems\u00eel bike; berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew dikare xalek destp\u00eak\u00ea peyda bike ji bo ji n\u00fb ve avakirina w\u00ea li ser bingehek rast\u00eentir, bi \u015fert\u00ea ku ew bi r\u00eaxistinek \u00e7\u00eatir a tems\u00eelkirin\u00ea \u00fb karan\u00eena \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean berdest re were.<\/p>\n

Bandor\u00ean sepand\u00ee li ser reftar\u00ean aktor\u00ean kurd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anal\u00eeza ber\u00ea r\u00ea li ber komek bandoran vedike ku dikarin di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya hey\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de r\u00eaberiya tevgera aktor\u00ean kurd bikin. Ev bandor prens\u00eeb\u00ean stratej\u00eek in ku bi xwezaya qonaxa hey\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne, ne p\u00ea\u015fniyar\u00ean dorh\u00eal\u00ee.<\/p>\n

P\u00ea\u015f\u00ee, veguher\u00eena ji serxweb\u00fbna fi\u00eel\u00ee ber bi entegrasyona saziyan ve div\u00ea ne wek\u00ee windakirina ajans\u00ea, l\u00ea wek\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve bicihkirinek di nav avahiya dewlet\u00ea de were f\u00eamkirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, xurtkirina heb\u00fbna wan di nav saziy\u00ean ferm\u00ee de dibe am\u00fbrek navend\u00ee ji bo hilberandina bandor\u00ea, nemaze di haw\u00eerdor\u00ean ku h\u00eaz bi r\u00eaya t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb civak\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eadibe (Migdal, 2001).<\/p>\n

Duyem, ezm\u00fbn n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku xwespartina \u00e7avkaniyeke yekane ya h\u00eaz\u00ea lawaziyeke mezin \u00e7\u00eadike. K\u00eamb\u00fbna pi\u015ftgiriya navnetewey\u00ee \u00fb guhartina di hevsengiya le\u015fker\u00ee de \u015fert\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve \u015fekil dane, ku n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku domdariya siyas\u00ee hewcey\u00ea curbecurkirina \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea ye, di nav de tems\u00eeliyeta siyas\u00ee, \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean navxwey\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean derve (Jeffrey \u00fb Margolin, 2025; Strachota, 2026).<\/p>\n

S\u00eayem, ji ber xwezaya dan\u00fbstandinkir\u00ee ya destkeftiy\u00ean hey\u00ee, p\u00ea\u015f\u00een ew e ku van destkeftiyan bi gav bi gav di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean qan\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee de werin bicihkirin, li \u015f\u00fbna ku wek\u00ee encam\u00ean daw\u00een werin hesibandin, veguher\u00eenin r\u00eaziknamey\u00ean stab\u00eeltir. Di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean wiha de, maf bi hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee dim\u00eenin \u00fb mijara jin\u00fbvedan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ne (Radpey, 2020).<\/p>\n

\u00c7arem, di bin modelek navend\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ya nerm de, stratejiy\u00ean z\u00eade ji n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean sifir\u00ee bibandortir in. Xwecihiya s\u00eenorkir\u00ee dikare veguhere bandora saz\u00fbman\u00ee ger bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eestemat\u00eek were bikaran\u00een, l\u00ea hewldana vegerandina modelek berfireh ku p\u00ea\u015f\u015fert\u00ean xwe winda kiriye dibe ku bibe sedema pa\u015fketinek din (Gourlay, 2026; Hawach \u00fb Drevon, 2026).<\/p>\n

P\u00eancem, bandora siyas\u00ee bi asta hevr\u00eaziya navxwey\u00ee ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Pirrengiya siyas\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaxistin\u00ee, ger bi astek her\u00ee k\u00eam a hevr\u00eaziy\u00ea re nebe, dikare sermayeya saz\u00fbman\u00ee li \u015f\u00fbna ku w\u00ea veguher\u00eene h\u00eaza dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea ya hevgirt\u00ee, belav bike. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, avakirina \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean hevr\u00eaziya bibandor ji bo z\u00eadekirina karan\u00eena \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean berdest gir\u00eeng e.<\/p>\n

Encam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ev gotar n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku guhartin\u00ean di helwesta kurdan de li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee 2016an nay\u00ean f\u00eamkirin wek\u00ee daw\u00eekirinek h\u00easan a modela xweseriy\u00ea, ne j\u00ee wek\u00ee vegera tevah\u00ee ya navend\u00eeb\u00fbna ber\u00ee 2011an. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew jin\u00fbve\u015fekildana tevlihev a t\u00eakiliya di navbera dewlet \u00fb aktor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee de di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek pi\u015ft\u00ee pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea de dinim\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Guhartina di hevsengiya h\u00eaz\u00ea de serxweb\u00fbna berfireh a de facto ya ku heb\u00fb bi daw\u00ee kir, l\u00ea ew neb\u00fbye sedema d\u00fbrxistina tevah\u00ee. Di \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea de, ew b\u00fbye sedema ku kurd ber bi poz\u00eesyonek naskirina siyas\u00ee di nav dewlet\u00ea de ve bi\u00e7in. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev naskirin bi s\u00eenor \u00fb \u015fert\u00ee dim\u00eene, ji hevkariyeke rast\u00een di serweriy\u00ea de k\u00eam dim\u00eene, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee di neb\u00fbna garantiy\u00ean saz\u00fbman\u00ee y\u00ean aram de ji bo jin\u00fbvedan\u00fbstandin\u00ea xeternak dike.<\/p>\n

Gotar herwiha n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku \u015f\u00eawaza derket\u00ee ne yek ji navend\u00eeb\u00fbna hi\u015fk e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea yek ji navend\u00eeb\u00fbna nerm e ku t\u00ea de dewlet h\u00eaza biryardana serwer dipar\u00eaze, di heman dem\u00ea de aktor\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee di r\u00eaveber\u00ee \u00fb ewlehiy\u00ea de xwed\u00ee xweseriyek s\u00eenordar in. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku bandora siyas\u00ee \u00ead\u00ee ne bi kontrola erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ya berfireh ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bi \u015fiyana xebitandina di nav saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea de \u00fb bandorkirina peywir\u00ean wan ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ov\u00ea de, potansiyela aktor\u00ea kurd ne ten\u00ea bi t\u00eakiliya w\u00ea bi dewlet\u00ea re, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi asta hevgirtina w\u00ea ya navxwey\u00ee \u00fb \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya r\u00eaxistinkirina \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean xwe ve j\u00ee t\u00ea destn\u00ee\u015fankirin. M\u00eerata saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya ku di dema xweseriy\u00ea de berhev kiriye sermayeyek p\u00eak t\u00eene ku dikare ji n\u00fb ve were bikaran\u00een, l\u00ea ew bixweber venaguhere h\u00eaza siyas\u00ee. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew bi heb\u00fbna mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean hevr\u00eazkirin \u00fb akt\u00eevkirin\u00ea di nav avahiya n\u00fb de ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, qonaxa hey\u00ee dual\u00ee ya windakirin an qezenc\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan nade, l\u00ea bel\u00ea veguher\u00eenek ji serxweb\u00fbna de facto b\u00eay\u00ee naskirin\u00ea ber bi naskirina siyas\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee serweriy\u00ea, di nav avahiyek dewlet\u00ea de ku h\u00een j\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve t\u00ea \u015fekilkirin. R\u00ea ji bo jin\u00fbvebicihkirin \u00fb dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea vekir\u00ee dim\u00eene, l\u00ea di bin \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean s\u00eenordartir de ku stratejiy\u00ean rast\u00eentir \u00fb r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee hewce dikin.<\/p>\n

Daxuyaniya metodoloj\u00eek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Am\u00fbr\u00ean AI y\u00ean afir\u00eener di hin qonax\u00ean amadekirina v\u00ea gotar\u00ea de wek\u00ee al\u00eekariyek\u00ea ji bo r\u00eaxistinkirina ramanan, ba\u015ftirkirina ziman \u00fb jin\u00fbvesazkirina niv\u00eesa destp\u00eak\u00ea hatin bikaran\u00een. L\u00eabel\u00ea, avakirina argumana zanist\u00ee, hilbijartina \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya teor\u00eek, anal\u00eezkirina \u00e7avkaniyan, formulekirina encam\u00ean daw\u00een \u00fb verastkirina rastb\u00fbna referansan hem\u00ee berpirsiyariya l\u00eakol\u00eener e. Hem\u00ee encam\u00ean ku ji karan\u00eena van am\u00fbran derketin, ber\u00ee ku di guhertoya daw\u00een de werin bicihkirin, l\u00eavegera rexnegir\u00ee \u00fb redektekirina zanist\u00ee li wan hatiye kirin.<\/p>\n

J\u00eader:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Billion, D. (2026, February 2). Major defeat for the Kurdish national movement in Syria. Paris: Institut de Relations Internationales et Strat\u00e9giques (IRIS).<\/p>\n

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Borain, L. (2022). The Kurds of Syria: Towards self-governance. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.<\/p>\n

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Crisis Group. (2026). Preventing further escalation in Syria\u2019s north east. Brussels: International Crisis Group.<\/p>\n

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Gourlay, W. (2026, February 11). The end of the Kurdish model. Engelsberg Ideas.<\/p>\n

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Hawach, N., & Drevon, J. (2026, February 4). Trouble is brewing in Syria. International Crisis Group \/ Foreign Affairs.<\/p>\n

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Herbst, J. (2000). States and power in Africa: Comparative lessons in authority and control. Princeton University Press.<\/p>\n

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Jeffrey, J., & Margolin, D. (2025, October 7). Time to unify the Kurdish northeast with the rest of Syria. Washington Institute for Near East Policy.<\/p>\n

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Karadjis, M. (2026, February 4). Rojava, Kurdish autonomy & self-determination, and the hard problem of simple demographics: An essay of maps. Their Anti-Imperialism and Ours (blog\/analysis platform).<\/p>\n

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Lister, C. (2026). Integration or conflict in northeastern Syria: Ten key points to consider. Washington, DC: Middle East Institute.<\/p>\n

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McGee, T. (2022). \u2018Rojava\u2019: Evolving public discourse of Kurdish identity and governance in Syria. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 15(4), 385\u2013403.<\/p>\n

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McGee, T. (2026, February 18). A tale of two Syrias: State power and the unravelling of Rojava. Florence: European University Institute.<\/p>\n

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Migdal, J. S. (2001). State in society: Studying how states and societies transform and constitute one another. Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n

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Radpey, L. (2020, November 13). Assessing international law on self-determination and extraterritorial use of force in Rojava. Just Security \/ SSRN Working Paper.<\/p>\n

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Dr. Muslim Ebd Talas \u00a0Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Naverok Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya jihevxistina modela R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a berfireh \u00fb destp\u00eakirina entegrasyona gav bi gav di nava dewleta S\u00fbriyay\u00ea de, ev made guhartin\u00ean di cih\u00ea kurdan de li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 2026 l\u00eakol\u00een dike. Ev xebat xwe disp\u00eare h\u00eepotezek ku ev p\u00eavajo nikare di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14418,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,59],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-14417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manshet","category-nirxandin"],"yoast_head":"\nDi navbera naskirin \u00fb kontrolkirin\u00ea de.. 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