{"id":14375,"date":"2026-04-06T17:38:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T17:38:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=14375"},"modified":"2026-04-06T17:38:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-06T17:38:01","slug":"1-191","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-191\/","title":{"rendered":"Bijarey\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea y\u00ean dijwar.. Gelo \u00ceran w\u00ea r\u00eabaz\u00ea Japonyay\u00ea hilbij\u00eare?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eq\u00eel Se\u00eed Mehf\u00fbz<\/strong><\/p>\n

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ceran \u00eero r\u00fbbir\u00fbya k\u00ealiy\u00ean guhartin\u00ean bingeh\u00een t\u00ea: \u015eer ne ten\u00ea bernameya nukler\u00ee ya \u00ceran\u00ee hedef digire, l\u00ea bel\u00ea “ontolojiya r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea” bi xwe hedef digire, ji ber wek\u00ee heb\u00fbneke \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee mentiq\u00ea dewlet netewe, red dike. Dibe ku lawazb\u00fbn an j\u00ee fi\u015fara le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee, bibe sedema daw\u00eeb\u00fbna projey\u00ea, an j\u00ee dibe ku -eger ba\u015f hate bir\u00eavebirin- bibe derfeteke d\u00eerok\u00ee, ji bo jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirin\u00ea “ji nameyeke gerd\u00fbn\u00ea” b\u00fb “dewlet netewe” l\u00ea li ser bingeh\u00ean n\u00fb: Pirreng\u00ee \u00fb demokras\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Tevl\u00eehev\u00ee \u00fb nakokiy\u00ean navxewy\u00ee y\u00ean r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea ji sala 1979an ve, ji ber hewldana komkirina di navbera “dema \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 mutleq” \u00fb “dema nisb\u00ee” ya dewlet\u00ea ye. Lewra, veguhartina p\u00eaw\u00eest -li gor\u00ee anal\u00eez\u00ea- proseseke cid\u00ee, p\u00eaw\u00eest dike: Qutkirina p\u00eeroz ji siyaset\u00ea an j\u00ee ji r\u00eaveber\u00ee, jihevxistina “aboriya berxwedan\u00ea” ya li ser esas\u00ea destekday\u00eena hevkaran an j\u00ee wek\u00eelan li derve\/her\u00eam\u00ea \u00fb saziy\u00ean abor\u00ee y\u00ean Supeya Pasdaran bikeve bin s\u00eewana dewleta siv\u00eel. L\u00ea el\u00eete, rast\u00ee pirsgir\u00eakeke heb\u00fbn\u00ea t\u00ean: \u00c7awa veki\u015f\u00eena stratej\u00eek bike, b\u00ea ku xwekujiya nasnamey\u00ea bike?<\/p>\n

D\u00eerok ji me re nim\u00fbney\u00ean cuda p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike. Japonya pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 1945an, ku ji xwed\u00eekertina Amer\u00eekay\u00ea s\u00fbd wergirt, \u00eemperatoriya xwe parast wek\u00ee sembolek\u00ee \u00fb ew ji xwedatiya w\u00ea ya siyas\u00ee qut kir. Tirkiya pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 1922yan, x\u00eelafet betal kir \u00fb dewlet netewe bi r\u00eaveberiya Ataturk ava kir, tev\u00ee ku ev yek aloz\u00ee \u00fb zehmet\u00ee ji bo netewey\u00ean ne tirk wek\u00ee kurdan, \u00e7\u00eakir. L\u00ea \u00ceran ne xwed\u00ee “Projeke Marshall” a taybet ji bo \u00fb rojava j\u00ee dibe ku \u00cerana lawaz li ser \u015f\u00fbna \u00cerana netewey\u00ee ya rikber, hilbij\u00eare. Herwiha, pirrengiya netewey\u00ee (firs, kurd, azer\u00ee, ereb) veguhartin\u00ea xeter dike, eger ku veguher\u00ee projeyeke faris\u00ee \u00fb hem\u00fb netewey\u00ean din, pa\u015fguh kir.<\/p>\n

Mirov dikare behsa s\u00ea senaryoy\u00ean texm\u00eenkir\u00ee bide: “Veguhartina Dorveger” bi r\u00eaya peymaneke civak\u00ee ya n\u00fb \u00fb navbeyankariyeke navdewlet\u00ee (\u00c7\u00een? Ev ten\u00ea h\u00eepotezeke, ku xwe nasp\u00eare tu n\u00ee\u015faneyan) ku toreya ewlekar\u00ee dab\u00eene bike. An j\u00ee “R\u00fbxandina gi\u015ft\u00ee” ku deriy\u00ea wesiyeta ji derve, vedike. An j\u00ee “Berdewamkirina karaset\u00ea” wek\u00ee r\u00eabaz\u00ea dewleta Osman\u00ee. T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn ne p\u00eaw\u00eest e ku di dawiy\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eabibe, ew dibe “kirinek damezr\u00eaner” eger wek “derfet\u201c ne wek “qederek\u00ea\/\u00e7arn\u00fbsek\u00ee\u201c b\u00eate xwendin. L\u00ea pirsa mezin: Gelo w\u00ea k\u00ee garant\u00ee bide di k\u00ealiya r\u00fbxandin\u00ea de?<\/p>\n

\u00a0P\u00ea\u015fgotin: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ev ne cara yekem e ku \u00ceran digih\u00eaje xa\u00e7ereyek\u00ea ku ne\u00e7ar dibe jehra t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea, vexwe. Di b\u00eeran\u00een\u00ea \u00ceran\u00ea y\u00ean dir\u00eaj de -ya di navbera m\u00eetoloj\u00eek \u00fb siyas\u00ee de- di k\u00ealiyan de, t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn b\u00fb sedema guhartin\u00ean bingeh\u00een. L\u00ea ev k\u00ealiya ku niha t\u00ea re derbas dibe, tayetmendiy\u00ean w\u00ea hene ku h\u00eaja ye mirov bi awayek\u00ee k\u00fbr li ser bifikire: \u015eer\u00ea ku \u00eero Amer\u00eeka \u00fb \u00cesra\u00eel li dij \u00ceran\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eenin, ne ten\u00ea \u015fer\u00ea li dij bernameya nukler\u00ee an j\u00ee serweriya her\u00eam\u00ee ye. L\u00ea bel\u00ea, \u015fer\u00ea li dij “Ontolojiya r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea” bi xwe ye, ji ber “awarteyeke \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee ye” ku di \u00eedeoloj\u00ee \u00fb x\u00eetaba xwe de, mentiq\u00ea dewlet netewey\u00ea red dike, herwiha di x\u00eetab \u00fb heta astek\u00ea di pirat\u00eeka xwe de j\u00ee, mentiq\u00ea siyaset\u00ea y\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ee, red dike.<\/p>\n

Ev r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna di navbera projeyeke ku s\u00eenoran derbas dike \u00fb real\u00eezma jeopol\u00eet\u00eek a tund de, ev yek dih\u00eale ku \u015fer\u00ea hey\u00ee ne wek\u00ee \u015ferek\u00ee le\u015fker\u00ee were nirxandin. Tam ev k\u00ealiyeke ku e\u015fkere dibe rastiya w\u00ea ne dir\u00eajkirina xwe ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea berxwedaneke tund e ku ne\u00e7ar dike xwe ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanase bike. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, r\u00eaj\u00eema siyas\u00ee li \u00ceran\u00ea ji dema avakirina xwe ya sala 1979an, di nava tevl\u00eeheviyeke bingeh\u00een ya di navbera “dema mutleq” ya nameya \u00eeslam\u00ee ya s\u00eenoran derbas dike \u00fb “dema nisb\u00ee” ya dewlet netewey\u00ea ye, ku ten\u00ea di nava rastiyan \u00fb berjewendiy\u00ean ber\u00e7av de, \u015f\u00een dibe. Ev aloz\u00ee ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee pirsgir\u00eakeke teor\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea veguheriye siyaset\u00ean di navbera berfirehb\u00fbna her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb xweparastin\u00ea de maye, herwiha di navbera xerckirina \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean mad\u00ee \u00fb menew\u00ee di “eksena berxwedan\u00ea” de \u00fb hewldan\u00ean avakirina dewlet\u00ea di hundir\u00ea s\u00eenor de ye.<\/p>\n

\u00cero di demeke ku xerckirina \u00e7avkaniyan giha\u015ftiye l\u00fbtkeya xwe, ji ber cezay\u00ean giran \u00fb \u015fer\u00ea yekser \u00fb ne yekser, diyar e ku r\u00eaj\u00eema siyas\u00ee li \u00ceran\u00ea li beramber\u00ee k\u00ealiyeke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya dijwar e: Berdewamkirina li ser gir\u00eadana “namey\u00ea” heta bi temam\u00ee were r\u00fbxandin, wek\u00ee ku \u00e7awa beriya sedsal\u00ee \u00eemperatoriya Osman\u00ee kir; an j\u00ee “t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea” qeb\u00fbl bike, ku derfet\u00ea dide \u00ceran\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanaseya projey\u00ea ji “gerd\u00fbn\u00ea” bike “netewey\u00ee” wek\u00ee ku \u00e7awa Japonya pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 1945an \u00fb Tirkiyaya pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 1922yan, kirin. L\u00ea ev veguhartin -eger p\u00eak hat- ne ten\u00ea biryarekee siyas\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea proseseke heb\u00fbn\u00ea ye ya gir\u00eaday\u00ee nasnameya el\u00eete \u00fb bingeha r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea \u00fb wateya \u015fore\u015f\u00ea bi xwe ye, herwiha dil\u00ea diyardeya \u00eeran\u00ee ya di dehsal\u00ean bor\u00ee de ye.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea de, em \u00ea hewl bidin ku derfeta p\u00eakan\u00eena v\u00ea veguhartin\u00ea di gelek aliyan de, \u015firove bikin: Ontolojiya dem\u00ea, ps\u00eekolojiya el\u00eet\u00ea, waney\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee, aboriya siyas\u00ee, pirrengiya netewey\u00ee \u00fb jeopol\u00eet\u00eeka guhartin\u00ean mezin. Di heman dem\u00ea de, ev l\u00eakol\u00een bersiv\u00ean daw\u00ee w\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f neke, l\u00ea w\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek\u00ee ji bo t\u00eagiha\u015ftina k\u00ealiyeke gir\u00eeng ku dibe \u00e7aren\u00fbsa \u00ceran\u00ea \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ea, ji bo sal\u00ean siberoj\u00ea, diyar bike. Pirsa ku her tim vekiriye: Gelo el\u00eeteya \u00ceran\u00ea \u015fiyan\u00ea w\u00ea heye bikaribin t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea bi r\u00ea ve bibin \u00fb veguher\u00eenin xebateke damezrandin\u00ea, an w\u00ea d\u00eerok xwe dubare bike di r\u00fbxandina \u00e7\u00eeroka \u00eemperatoriyan an j\u00ee dewlet\u00ean xwed\u00ee xwestek ku nizanib\u00fbn di dema guncav de, xwe biguher\u00eenin?<\/p>\n

Yekem: Ontolojiya dem\u00ea: Dema ku xewn r\u00fbbir\u00fby\u00ea erd\u00eengariy\u00ea t\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ceran, \u00eero xewna w\u00ea r\u00fbbir\u00fby\u00ea d\u00eewar\u00ea erd\u00eengariy\u00ea ye. \u015eore\u015f ku sala 1979an li ser bingeh\u00ea “dema dir\u00eajkir\u00ee” -dema nameya ya ne diyarkir\u00ee- hate avakirin, s\u00eenor nas nake ku s\u00eenoran wek\u00ee zindankirina namey\u00ea dib\u00eene, herwiha di berfirehb\u00fbn \u00fb belavb\u00fbna h\u00eaza \u00fb bandora xwe ya her\u00eam\u00ee, wek\u00ee dir\u00eajkirina heb\u00fbn\u00ea xwe dib\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Li beramber\u00ee v\u00ea dema p\u00eeroz, rastiya dewlet netewey\u00ea derdikeve hol\u00ea, ku qa\u015fo ten\u00ea bi “dema diyarkir\u00ee” it\u00eeraf dike \u00fb li gor\u00ee berjewend\u00ee, destkeft\u00ee \u00fb may\u00een\u00ea, t\u00ea nirxandin. Lewra \u00e7avkaniya aloziya d\u00eerok\u00ee ya r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea ji sala 1989an ve, ew e ku hewl da di navbera “dema mutleq” a namey\u00ea \u00fb “dema nisb\u00ee” ya siyaset\u00ea, kom\u00ee hev bike.<\/p>\n

Name xwe disp\u00eare soz\u00ean metafiz\u00eek\u00ee y\u00een ku s\u00eenor\u00ea erd\u00eengariya dewlet\u00ea derbas dike, l\u00ea dewlet ten\u00ea di axeke rasteq\u00een \u00fb berjewendiy\u00ean hevbe\u015f de, t\u00ea avakirin. Ev rawest\u00eena li ber d\u00eewar\u00ea erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea \u00fb astengiy\u00ean siyaset\u00ea, pirsek\u00ea derdixe hol\u00ea ka gelo ew hilwe\u015f\u00eena projey\u00ea ye an j\u00ee vegerandina hi\u015fmendiya heb\u00fbneke netewey\u00ee ye ku ji ber rawest\u00eena demeke dir\u00eaj di odeya bendemay\u00een\u00ea ya d\u00eerok\u00ea de westiyaye.<\/p>\n

Ev r\u00fbbir\u00fbne di navbera projeyek\u00ee ku s\u00eenoran derbas dike \u00fb real\u00eezma jeopol\u00eet\u00eek a tund de, ev yek dih\u00eale ku \u015fer\u00ea hey\u00ee ne wek\u00ee \u015ferek\u00ee le\u015fker\u00ee were nirxandin. Tam ev k\u00ealiyeke ku e\u015fkere dibe rastiya w\u00ea ne dir\u00eajkirina xwe ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea berxwedaneke tund e ku ne\u00e7ar dike xwe ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanase bike.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Duyem: Du mentiq di \u015fer de: Name, an j\u00ee may\u00een? Diyalekt\u00eeka p\u00eeroz \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di k\u00fbrahiya diyardeya \u00ceran\u00ea de, aloz\u00ee \u00fb tevl\u00eehiya bingeh\u00een di navbera du mentiqan de ye: Mentiq\u00ea “namey\u00ea” ku \u015fore\u015f\u00ea wek\u00ee projeyek\u00ee gerd\u00fbn\u00ee dib\u00eene \u00fb s\u00eenoran nas nake, herwiha mentiq\u00ea “may\u00een\u00ea” j\u00ee ku dizane berdewamkirina heb\u00fbna w\u00ea, p\u00eaw\u00eest dike di nava erd\u00eengariya netewey\u00ea de, s\u00eenordar bim\u00eene. Ev aloz\u00ee, ne n\u00fb ye, l\u00ea \u015fer\u00ea hey\u00ee dih\u00eale ku bigih\u00eaje l\u00fbtkeya xwe.<\/p>\n

Veguhastina ji “erka xwedayet\u00ee” bo “erka ni\u015ftiman\u00ee” xaleke gir\u00eeng e ku t\u00ea de may\u00eena netewe an j\u00ee jihevketina heb\u00fbn\u00ea, diyar dike. Dewlet netewe, rewab\u00fbna ji cureya “li bend\u00ea may\u00een” an j\u00ee “h\u00eaza xweday\u00ee” nas nake, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ten\u00ea bi rewab\u00fbna destkefiyan it\u00eeraf dike, ku xwe di xwe\u015f\u00ee, ewlekar\u00ee \u00fb ge\u015fep\u00eadan\u00ea de, \u00eesbat dike.<\/p>\n

Pirsa gir\u00eeng di vir de ev e: Gelo el\u00eeteya \u00eeran\u00ee dikare qurbaniyeke mezin p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee civak\u00ea bike -dev ji armanc\u00ean projeya gerd\u00fbn\u00ee an j\u00ee projeya ku s\u00eenoran derbas dike berde- li beramber\u00ee parastina heb\u00fbna xwe? Gelo w\u00ea civak j\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea qeb\u00fbl bike?<\/p>\n

Ev aloz\u00ee beriya sed sal\u00ee, tam rast\u00ee \u00eemperatoya Osman\u00ee hat: Gir\u00eadana bi “namey\u00ea” heta r\u00fbxandina bi gi\u015ft\u00ee, an j\u00ee qeb\u00fblkirina “t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea” ku derfeta avakirina dewlet-neteweya n\u00fbjen dide. Cudah\u00ee ew e ku osmaniyan ne ku hilbijartin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea li ser wan hate ferizkirin; l\u00ea \u00ceran heta niha (?) li p\u00ea\u015fiya bijarteya “bir\u00eavebirin\u00ea” -eger ku el\u00eeteya \u00eeran\u00ee bikaribe v\u00ea derfet\u00ea bi kar b\u00eene \u00fb eger ku s\u00eestema c\u00eehan\u00ee heta niha derfeta v\u00ea yek\u00ea bide.<\/p>\n

Destgirtina <\/strong>stratej\u00eek: Vebijarkeke nav\u00een ya di navbera namey\u00ea \u00fb dewlet\u00ea de<\/strong><\/p>\n

Beriya ku em derbas\u00ee k\u00ea\u015feya el\u00eetey\u00ea bibin, div\u00ea em bale biki\u015f\u00eenin li ser t\u00eagiha “nav\u00een”, dibe ku \u015firove bike \u00e7awa \u00ceran bikaribe bi pa\u015f de veki\u015fandina xwe bi r\u00ea ve bibe, b\u00ea ku “xweku\u015ftina nasnamey\u00ea” bi awayek\u00ee e\u015fkere, ragih\u00eene. Ev yek mirov dikare bi “destgirtina stratej\u00eek” (Strategic Austerity) bi nav bike.<\/p>\n

Ne her pa\u015fde veki\u015fandinek t\u00ea wateya devj\u00eaberdana \u00eedeoloj\u00ee. Di d\u00eeroka n\u00fbjen de, dewlet\u00ean “rad\u00eekal” bi rengek\u00ee ji rengan -wek\u00ee R\u00fbsya pi\u015ft\u00ee 2014an an j\u00ee heta Si\u00fbd\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee 2019an- siyaseta “destgiritna stratej\u00eek” bi kar an\u00een: K\u00eamkirina pabendb\u00fbn\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, ne ji ber guhartina di \u00eedeoloj\u00ee de ye, l\u00ea ji ber “t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna r\u00eabaz” an j\u00ee derketina “gef\u00ean z\u00eade”, ji ber cezayan an j\u00ee k\u00eamb\u00fbna nirx\u00ea petrol\u00ea an j\u00ee lawaziy\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee.. hwd. Cudab\u00fbn, ew e ku van dewletan \u00eedeolojiya wan nerm e, ku derfet\u00ea didin pa\u015f de veki\u015fandin\u00ea wek\u00ee “tekt\u00eek” ne “radestb\u00fbn”, rewa bikin.<\/p>\n

Di rew\u015fa \u00ceran\u00ea de, el\u00eete dikare propogandeya pa\u015f de veki\u015fandin\u00ea ji bingeha xwe ya tund bike, ne ji ber ku wan “dev ji namey\u00ea berda ye” l\u00ea bel\u00ea, “wek\u00ee jin\u00fbvebicihb\u00fbn\u00ea” ( re-centering), wek\u00ee p\u00eaw\u00eestiyek\u00ea ji bo parastina cewher\u00ea projey\u00ea. Ango ragih\u00eene: “Em xwe ji qad\u00ean \u015fer li S\u00fbriya, Yemen \u00fb Lubnan\u00ea vediki\u015f\u00eenin, ne ji ber ku me dev ji berxwedan\u00ea berda ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ji ber ku em dixwazin em h\u00eaza xwe ji hundir ve ava bikin, da ku di siberoj\u00ea de xurtir bibin”. Ev x\u00eetab \u00ead\u00ee n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean w\u00ea di hin x\u00eetab\u00ean r\u00eaber\u00ea bilind \u00ea \u00eeran\u00ee (ku Amer\u00eeka \u00fb \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea di adara 2026an de ew ku\u015ftin) di sal\u00ean daw\u00ee de, derdiketin dema ku “h\u00eaz” bi abor\u00ee \u00fb ge\u015fep\u00eadan\u00ea ve gir\u00ea da, ne bi heb\u00fbna le\u015fker\u00ee ya yekser ya dervay\u00ee s\u00eenor.<\/p>\n

Ev\u00a0 t\u00eagiha -destgirtina stratej\u00ee\u2013 k\u00ea\u015feya el\u00eetey\u00ea \u00e7areser nake, l\u00ea pirek\u00ee dide wan ji bo derbas bibin: H\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee pa\u015f de veki\u015fin, b\u00ea ku tu daxuyaniyan bidin \u00fb veki\u015fandin werin ragihandin wek\u00ee “jin\u00fbvebelavb\u00fbn\u00ea” ne wek\u00ee “t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea”. Ev yek j\u00ee w\u00ea veguhastina ji namey\u00ea ber bi dewlet\u00ea ve -eger p\u00eak hat- proseseke p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ea be, ne ku teq\u00eeneke \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee ya dijber e.<\/p>\n

S\u00eayem: Xweku\u015ftina nasnamey\u00ea: K\u00ea\u015feya el\u00eetey\u00ea di k\u00ealiya pa\u015f de veki\u015fandin\u00ea de<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di hundir\u00ea k\u00ea\u015feya \u00ceran\u00ea ya hey\u00ee de, nakokiyeke bingeh\u00een ya k\u00fbr heye: \u00c7awa el\u00eetek ku rewatiya xwe ya siyas\u00ee li ser “dema mutleq” a peyama xweday\u00ee ava kiriye, dikare b\u00eay\u00ee ku xwekujiya nasnamey\u00ea bike, veki\u015fe “dema nisb\u00ee” ya dewleta netewey\u00ee? Ev pirs ne tekt\u00eek\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ontoloj\u00eeke, ji ber ku gir\u00eaday\u00ee cewher\u00ea rewab\u00fbn\u00ea ye ya ku el\u00eeteya hakim ji sala 1979an ve, xwe disp\u00eare w\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Civaknas\u00ea siyas\u00ee Max Weber di anal\u00eeza xwe ya derbar\u00ea r\u00eabaz\u00ean rewab\u00fbna siyas\u00ee de, cudab\u00fbneke gir\u00eeng di navbera “Rewab\u00fbna kar\u00eezmat\u00eek” ya ku li ser esas\u00ea namey\u00ea \u00fb r\u00eaveberiya awarte hatiye avakirin \u00fb di navbera “Rewab\u00fbna aqilmend\u00ee-qan\u00fbn\u00ee” ya ku li ser esas\u00ea saz\u00ee \u00fb destkeftiyan, hatiye avakirin. R\u00eaj\u00eema \u00ceran\u00ea ji dema avakirin\u00ea, xwe spart r\u00eabaz\u00ea dual\u00ee: Rewab\u00fbna kar\u00eezmat\u00eek ya ku di nav de mekan\u00eezmey\u00ean saziy\u00ean n\u00fbjen de hene (Parlamen, dest\u00fbr, hilbijartin). L\u00ea veguhartina temam ber bi “dewlet-netewe”, t\u00ea wateya d\u00fbrketina ji aliy\u00ean kar\u00eezmat\u00eeka-namey\u00ee, ji bo berjewendiy\u00ean aqilmendiya saz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea. Ev yek j\u00ee wek\u00ee gefeke heb\u00fbn\u00ea ji bo el\u00eeteya ku heb\u00fbna xwe disp\u00eare rewab\u00fbna kar\u00eezmat\u00eek.<\/p>\n

Xweku\u015ftina nasnamey\u00ea, wek\u00ee k\u00ea\u015feyeke bingeh\u00een<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mirov dikare b\u00eaje ku el\u00eeteya \u00eeran\u00ee rast\u00ee rengek\u00ee taybet ji “xweku\u015ftina nasnamey\u00ea” t\u00ea. Ev yek j\u00ee t\u00ea wateya pa\u015fde veki\u015fandina stratej\u00eek, xwe \u00eenkarkirina siyas\u00ee ku li ser w\u00ea rewab\u00fbna r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea bi temam\u00ee, hatiye \u00e7\u00eakirin. El\u00eeteya hakim li Tehran\u00ea, ne ten\u00ea aktorek\u00ee siyas\u00ee ku desthilatdariy\u00ea bi r\u00ea ve dibe, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ew hilgir\u00ea “namey\u00ea” ku k\u00fbrahiya nasnameya w\u00ea ya heb\u00fbn\u00ea, \u00e7\u00eadike. Dev ji berdana v\u00ea namey\u00ea, ne ten\u00ea t\u00ea wateya windakirina desthilatdariy\u00ea, l\u00ea bel\u00ea \u00eenkarkirina “wateya heb\u00fbn\u00ea” bi xwe ye. W\u00ea \u00e7awa el\u00eeteya ku bawer kir -banga li milyonan kir ji bo baweriy\u00ea- ku projeya xwe berdewamkirina “\u00eeradeya xwedayet\u00ee ye” \u00fb li benda Mihd\u00ee ye, ji ni\u015fkeve ragihi\u00eene ku ev hem\u00fb ten\u00ea wek\u00ee “p\u00eavajoyek” b\u00fb \u00fb bi daw\u00ee b\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Ev k\u00ea\u015fe di d\u00eeroka \u015fore\u015fan de ne n\u00fb ye. D\u00eeroknas\u00ea siyas\u00ee Crane Brinton dib\u00eaje ku her \u015fore\u015f di p\u00eavajoya”tundiya ba\u015f” derbas dibe, ku el\u00eeteya \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee hewl dide n\u00ear\u00eena xwe ya nim\u00fbney\u00ee feriz bike, pi\u015ftre p\u00eavajoya “berteka term\u00eedor” t\u00ea, ku ji n\u00fb ve hevseng\u00ee ber bi rasteq\u00een\u00ea ve di\u00e7e. L\u00ea ti\u015ft\u00ea cuda, ew e ku \u00ceran h\u00eena negiha\u015ftiye p\u00eavajoya duyem\u00een, an j\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee tam t\u00ea re derbas nabe, ji ber ku heta niha el\u00eeteya \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee gir\u00eaday\u00ee \u00eedeolojiya resen e.<\/p>\n

El\u00eet \u00e7awa “vexwarina jehr\u00ea” bo xelk\u00ea derbasdar dike?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pirsgir\u00eak ne ten\u00ea ya el\u00eeteya desthilatdar e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea giha\u015ftiye heta “bingeha hi\u015fk” ya ku bawer\u00ee bi projey\u00ea aniye \u00fb temen\u00ea w\u00ea giran da. W\u00ea \u00e7awa\u00a0 rej\u00eem bikaribe Supeya Pasdaran \u00fb Bes\u00eec \u00fb milyona kes\u00ean ku zarok\u00ean xwe li Iraq, S\u00fbriya, Lubnan \u00fb Yemen\u00ea feda kirin, qani bike ku hem\u00fb ji bo “Berjewendiy\u00ean \u00cerana netewey\u00ee b\u00fb” ne ji bo “Pi\u015ftgiriya bindestan” b\u00fb?<\/p>\n

Di vir de, teoriya kal\u00eesk a ps\u00eekolog\u00ea civak\u00ee Leon Festinger derbar\u00ea “neliheviya zanyar\u00ee” derdikeve hol\u00ea: Kes \u00fb kom, zehmet\u00ee dib\u00eenin ku dev ji baweriy\u00ean ku t\u00ea de hestiyar\u00ee \u00fb mad\u00ee tevl\u00ea b\u00fbb\u00fbn, berdin her\u00e7iqas ku \u015fa\u015ftiy\u00ean wan baweriyan, hatin pi\u015ftrastkirin. Bingeha hi\u015fk a r\u00eaj\u00eema \u00ceran\u00ea, rast\u00ee li v\u00ea nelihevkirin\u00ea t\u00ea: It\u00eerafkirina bi t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna projey\u00ea, t\u00ea wateya ku hem\u00fb qurban\u00ee b\u00ea wate b\u00fbn \u00fb ev it\u00eeraf zehmet e ku mirov tehm\u00fbl bikin.<\/p>\n

D\u00eerok di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, nim\u00fbney\u00ean cuda p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike. Yekitiya Sovyet\u00ea, nikar\u00eeb\u00fb pa\u015fdeveki\u015fandina ji \u00eedeolojiya komun\u00eest “rewa bike”, lewra r\u00eaj\u00eem bi tevah\u00ee hate r\u00fbxandin. Li beramber\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, \u00c7\u00eena\u00a0 mao\u00eest dikar\u00eeb\u00fb derbas\u00ee “sosyal\u00eezma bazar\u00ea bibe” bi r\u00eaya jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirina \u00eedeoloj\u00ee b\u00ea ku dev ji \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea xwe y\u00ea derve, berde. Pirs: Gelo, \u00ceran xwed\u00ee nermb\u00fbneke \u00eedeoloj\u00eek ya t\u00earker e, ji bo jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirina “\u015fore\u015f\u00ea”, li gor\u00ee rastiy\u00ean jeopol\u00eet\u00eek \u00ean n\u00fb?<\/p>\n

\u00c7arem: Waney\u00ean ji d\u00eerok\u00ea: Prosesa metafiz\u00eek\u00ee ya di navbera nim\u00fbneya Japonya \u00fb Tirkiyay\u00ea de <\/strong><\/p>\n

Japonya wek\u00ee nim\u00fbne: T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb <\/strong>hem\u00eazkirina dervey\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dibe ku tecrubeya Japonyay\u00ea ya pi\u015ft\u00ee 1945an, d\u00eetineke gir\u00eeng ya k\u00fbr p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike, ne ten\u00ea li ser asta ronensans\u00ea bi dest xistiye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea e\u015fkerekirina \u015fert\u00fbmerc\u00ean veguhartin\u00ea. Lewra, Japonya ne ten\u00ea di aliy\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee de t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fbn, l\u00ea bel\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee herdu bombey\u00ean atom\u00ee \u00fb b\u00eazariya stratej\u00eek ya li ser hev, hi\u015ft ku berdewamkirina \u015fer, ne p\u00eakan be, ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee xwe radest kir.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, dag\u00eerkirin ne bi wateya xwe ya klas\u00eek b\u00fb-ne ku bi ketina bejah\u00ee ya berfireh\u00a0 \u00fb ne j\u00ee bi dag\u00eerkirineke le\u015fker\u00ee ya gi\u015ft\u00ee beriya radestb\u00fbn\u00ea- l\u00ea bel\u00ea dag\u00eerkirin ji aliy\u00ea Amer\u00eekay\u00ea ve p\u00eak hat, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku r\u00eaveberiya Japonyay\u00ea xwe radest kir, ji bo jin\u00fbveavakirin\u00ea \u00fb jin\u00fbvereformkirina dest\u00fbr\u00ea. L\u00ea ya ji \u015fert\u00fbmerc\u00ean derve gir\u00eengtir, ti\u015ft\u00ea ku Japonyay\u00ea di hundir de kiriye: Japonyay\u00ea dev ji “\u00eemperator” wek\u00ee sembolek\u00ee yekitiya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee berneda, l\u00ea ew ji “xwedatiya siyas\u00ee” ya ku projeya berfirehb\u00fbn\u00ea rewa dikir, p\u00eapar hi\u015ft.<\/p>\n

Japonya, proseseke gelek\u00ee gir\u00eeng kir: Semboliya p\u00eeroz \u00fb pragamt\u00eezma biryarday\u00een\u00ea, ji hev qut kir, ango ti\u015ft\u00ea t\u00ea p\u00eerozkirin \u00fb y\u00ea bi r\u00ea ve dibe, ji hev cuda kir. Ev cudab\u00fbn w\u00ea ne p\u00eakan be, eger ku rast\u00ee t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea nehatine \u00fb eger ne ji \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya derve be ya ku dag\u00eerkeran j\u00ea re p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kir, ji bo jin\u00fbveavakirin\u00ea. Japonya \u00eero b\u00fb diyardeyeke c\u00eehan\u00ee, ne wek\u00ee bertekek\u00ee yekser ji t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna xwe re, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ku dikar\u00eeb\u00fb ew astengiy\u00ean li p\u00ea\u015fiya w\u00ea derketin \u00fb di encam\u00ea de ew t\u00eak \u00e7\u00fb, bi r\u00ea ve bibe, herwiha ji ber faktor\u00ean din ji nava wan j\u00ee hevalbendiya bi rojava re.<\/p>\n

Nim\u00fbneya Tirkiyay\u00ee: Waney\u00ean ji r\u00fbxandina x\u00eelafet\u00ea heta dewlet-netewey\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nim\u00fbneya Japonyay\u00ea tev\u00ee giraniya xwe ya anal\u00eez\u00ea, di p\u00eakan\u00eena w\u00ea li ser rew\u015fa \u00ceran\u00ea, s\u00eenordar dim\u00eene. Ji ber ku Japonya heta asteke pir mezin wek\u00ee \u00eemperatoriyeke di aliy\u00ea \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ee de hevgirt\u00ee b\u00fb \u00fb ji aliy\u00ea h\u00eazeke derve ve hate dag\u00eerkirin \u00fb li ser w\u00ea dest\u00fbrek\u00ee n\u00fb hate ferizkirin. L\u00ea \u00ceran, ew heb\u00fbneke xwed\u00ee pirrengiya netewe \u00fb olan e \u00fb ne diyar e ku dag\u00eerkirineke ji aliy\u00ea h\u00eazeke derve, wek\u00ee vebijareke hey\u00ee, t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea nim\u00fbneya her\u00ee n\u00eaz -her\u00e7iqas ku \u015fert\u00fbmerc t\u00eane guhartin j\u00ee-nim\u00fbneya Tirkiyay\u00ea ya di sal\u00ean 1920\u00ee ya sedsala 20\u00ee de ye, ango dewleta Osman\u00ee -ya xwed\u00ee projeyek\u00ee x\u00eelaf\u00ee ya ku netewey\u00ean cuda t\u00ea de heb\u00fbn-veguher\u00ee Komara Tirkiyay\u00ea ya netewey\u00ee. Ev veguhartin, ne h\u00easan b\u00fb, p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ea bi proseseke tund heb\u00fb: \u00cebtalkirina x\u00eelafet\u00ea, girtina ter\u00eeqet\u00ean sofiyetiy\u00ea, ne\u00e7arkirina el\u00eeteya ol\u00ee ku ji kar\u00fbxebat\u00ean siyas\u00ee derkevin \u00fb ferizkirina nasnameya netewey\u00ee ya tirk\u00ee li ser hesab\u00ea nasnameya \u00eeslam\u00ee ya osman\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Di vir de ti\u015ft\u00ea ji bo me gir\u00eeng ne datey\u00ean veguhartina tirk\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea “\u015fer\u00fbmerc\u00ean p\u00eakan\u00eena w\u00ea ye” ku mirov dikare bi rew\u015fa \u00ceran\u00ea ve bide ber hev:<\/p>\n

R\u00eaveberiya kar\u00eezmat\u00eek a n\u00fb: Mustefa Kemal (Ataturk), ne kesek\u00ee oldar b\u00fb, l\u00ea bel\u00ea fermandarek\u00ee le\u015fker\u00ee b\u00fb ku dikar\u00eeb\u00fb rewab\u00fbna xwe li ser bingeh\u00ean “delasb\u00fbna ji t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea”ne li ser “berdewamkirina rabird\u00fby\u00ea”, ava bike. L\u00ea di rew\u015fa \u00ceran\u00ea de, diyar e ku el\u00eeteya \u00eeran\u00ee ya hey\u00ee ne xwed\u00ee sembolek\u00ee wek\u00ee Ataturk e, ku bikaribe prosesa veguhartin\u00ea bi r\u00ea ve bibe, b\u00ea ku rewab\u00fbna xwe li p\u00ea\u015fiya bingeha gel\u00ear\u00ee ya hi\u015fk winda bike.<\/p>\n

Jihevxistina saziy\u00ean ol\u00ee y\u00ean siyas\u00ee: Ataturk ten\u00ea bi pa\u015fguhkirina \u015f\u00eax\u00ean ol\u00ee s\u00eenordar nema, l\u00ea bel\u00ea saziy\u00ean wan \u00ean siyas\u00ee j\u00ee bi temam\u00ee \u00eebtal kirin. L\u00ea li \u00ceran\u00ea, Saziya “W\u00eelayeta Feqe” ya ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee saziyeke ol\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bingeha dest\u00fbr\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea bi temam\u00ee ye. R\u00fbxandina w\u00ea, t\u00ea wateya r\u00fbxandina r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea bi xwe.<\/p>\n

Qutb\u00fbna ji m\u00eerasa \u00eemperator\u00ee: Tirkiya w\u00ea dem\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee tam dev ji armanca vegerandina \u00cemperatoriya Osman\u00ee an j\u00ee “x\u00eelafeta” mislimanan berda. Li beramber\u00ee w\u00ea j\u00ee, \u00e7i veguhartineke \u00eeran\u00ee ber bi dewlet-netewey\u00ea ve, p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ea bi devj\u00eaberdaneke e\u015fkere ji projeya “\u015fore\u015f\u00ea” \u00fb “Eksena Berxwedan\u00ea” heye. Ev yek w\u00ea ji bo el\u00eeteya \u00eeran\u00ee gelek bi \u00ea\u015f be, \u00e7awa ku tirkan bi \u00ea\u015f dev ji x\u00eelafet\u00ea berda.<\/p>\n

Destekday\u00eena derve ya s\u00eenordar: Projeya Marshall ne bo para Tirkiyay\u00ea, berovaj\u00ee Japonyay\u00ea, l\u00ea ji rew\u015fa valahiy\u00ea ya navdewlet\u00ee ya pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem\u00een \u00fb ji siyaseta “ne destwerdan\u00ea” ya be\u015f\u00ee ya h\u00eaz\u00ean mezin di kar\u00fbbar\u00ea Tirkiyay\u00ea y\u00ea navxwey\u00ee de, s\u00fbd wergirt. L\u00ea
\n\u00ceran \u00eero rast\u00ee dijwartir\u00een asta destwerdan\u00ea \u00fb cezayan t\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ev hevr\u00fbkirin, armanc j\u00ea ne ku em b\u00eajin \u00ceran bi h\u00easan\u00ee wek\u00ee Tirkiyay\u00ea bike, l\u00ea bel\u00ea em pi\u015ftrast bikin ku veguhartina ji projeyek\u00ee ol\u00ee y\u00ea gerd\u00fbn\u00ee, bo dewlet-netewey\u00ea di d\u00eerok\u00ea de p\u00eakan e, l\u00ea p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ea bi \u015fer\u00fbmerc\u00ean objekt\u00eef \u00fb subjekt\u00eef hene, ku ne p\u00eaw\u00eest e \u00eero hebin. Gir\u00eentir\u00een \u015fert\u00fbmerc ji wan ew e ku el\u00eeteyeke n\u00fb hebe bikar\u00eebe projeya “xelasb\u00fbna ji t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea” hilgire, li \u015f\u00fbna projeya “berdewamkirina namey\u00ea”.<\/p>\n

Cudahiya rew\u015f\u00ea:<\/strong> \u00ceran ne Japonya \u00fb ne Tirkiyaya 1920\u00ee ye<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bi her hal\u00ee, mirov nikare \u00e7i nim\u00fbney\u00ea wek\u00ee w\u00ea, bi kar b\u00eene. Japonya xwe radest kir\u00a0 \u00fb pi\u015ftre “dag\u00eerkeriya amer\u00eekay\u00ee” hat, ku ji n\u00fb ve saziy\u00ean Japonyay\u00ea reform kirin. L\u00ea \u00ceran \u00eero rast\u00ee \u015fer \u00fb dorp\u00ea\u00e7ek\u00ea t\u00ea, b\u00ea ku dag\u00eerkirina yekser hatibe p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin. Tirkiya j\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee sala 1922yan, dewleteke jihevket\u00ee b\u00fb, l\u00ea ne di bin dag\u00eerkirineke yekser de b\u00fb (ji bil\u00ee her\u00eam\u00ean bi\u00e7\u00fbk) \u00fb xwed\u00ee art\u00ea\u015fek\u00ee ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ya yekgirt\u00ee b\u00fbn di bin fermandariya Ataturk de. L\u00ea \u00cerana \u00eero art\u00ea\u015fa w\u00ea dabe\u015f\u00ee du be\u015fan b\u00fbye, be\u015fek\u00ee w\u00ea “art\u00ea\u015f e” \u00fb be\u015f\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea din j\u00ee “Supeya Pasdaran e”. Ev par\u00e7eb\u00fbn j\u00ee, n\u00ee\u015faneya tevl\u00eehev\u00ee \u00fb aloziya \u00eedeoloj\u00ee bi xwe ye, ya di navbera mentiq\u00ea dewlet\u00ea \u00fb mentiq\u00ea namey\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

Ev yek t\u00ea wateya ku \u00e7i veguhartina li \u00ceran\u00ea -eger p\u00eak were- div\u00ea ji hundir ve p\u00eak were, ne ku ji derve de li ser were ferizkirin. Ev yek j\u00ee ya her\u00ee zehmet e, l\u00ea eger p\u00eak hat, w\u00ea ya her\u00ee domdar be. L\u00ea herwiha ev t\u00ea wateya ku “no\u015fdar\u00ee” d\u00ea tundtir be \u00fb r\u00eajeya p\u00eakaniya binkeftina w\u00ea d\u00ea bilind be, ji ber ku ew d\u00ea b\u00ea “brnckirina” derve p\u00eak were.<\/p>\n

Neb\u00fbna “Projeya Marshall”ya \u00eeran\u00ee: Gelo Rojava \u00cerana ronensans\u00ee dixwaze?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nim\u00fbneya JaponyaY\u00ea faktorek\u00ee din \u00ea gir\u00eeng e\u015fkere dike: Destekday\u00eena derve ya pir. Japonya, ne ten\u00ea ji ber ked\u00ean xwe rab\u00fb ser p\u00eayan, l\u00ea ji “Projeya Marshall”ya asyay\u00ee ya ne ragihandin\u00ee, s\u00fbdek\u00ee mezin wergirtin, di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de Amer\u00eeka veberh\u00eanan\u00ean mezin di jin\u00fbveavakirina aboriya Japonyay\u00ea de p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kir \u00fb j\u00ea re bazareke ji bo firotina hilber\u00een\u00ean xwe peyda kir \u00fb wek\u00ee hevalbendek\u00ee stratej\u00eek li p\u00ea\u015fiya komunista sovyet\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7\u00een\u00ee, erkdar kir.<\/p>\n

Pirsa gir\u00eeng: Gelo \u00eero rojava\u00a0 xwed\u00ee \u00eeradeya siyas\u00ee “hemb\u00eazkirina” \u00ceran\u00ea ye eger ku biryar da bibe dewlet-netewe? Rastiya jeopol\u00eet\u00eek ya hey\u00ee berovaj\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide. \u00ceran eger ku dev ji projeya xwe ya \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee berda, w\u00ea her rikberek\u00ee her\u00eam\u00ee y\u00ea muhtemel ji serweriya amer\u00eekay\u00ee \u00fb \u00eesra\u00eel\u00ee re, bim\u00eene. \u00ceran bi cih\u00ea xwe y\u00ea stratej\u00eek, dewlemendiya xwe ya petrol\u00ea, pisporiya xwe ya tekn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb k\u00fbrahiya xwe ya d\u00eerok\u00ee, eger aram ma \u00fb entegrasyona abor\u00ee bibe, dibe bibe h\u00eazeke her\u00eam\u00ee ya rikber.<\/p>\n

Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eefa real\u00eest, dibe ku Rojava (\u00fb her\u00eam) “\u00ceraneke qels \u00fb dorp\u00ea\u00e7kir\u00ee” ji “\u00ceraneke neteweperest \u00fb ronesans\u00ee” terc\u00eeh bike ku dikare ji h\u00eala abor\u00ee ve p\u00ea re p\u00ea\u015fbaziy\u00ea bike \u00fb bandora w\u00ea li Kendav \u00fb Rojhilata Nav\u00een bike. Ev p\u00ea\u015fgotin dilemeyeke din derdixe hol\u00ea: Heger Rojava di “ronesansa” \u00ceran\u00ea de berjewendiy\u00ean w\u00ea tune be, w\u00ea hing\u00ea veguhastina ber bi dewleteke neteweperest d\u00ea pi\u015ftgiriya dervey\u00ee negire \u00fb dibe ku bi dijberiya ve\u015fart\u00ee re j\u00ee r\u00fb bi r\u00fb bim\u00eene. Ev yek kar\u00ea el\u00eet\u00ean \u00eeran\u00ee h\u00een tevlihevtir dike: Div\u00ea ew veguhastin\u00ea ji hundur ve bi r\u00ea ve bibin \u00fb li hevkar\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb navnetewey\u00ee y\u00ean alternat\u00eef (\u00c7\u00een, R\u00fbsya, Hindistan, hwd.) bigerin ku, tev\u00ee dijwar\u00ee (\u00fb nezelaliy\u00ea) v\u00ea yek\u00ea, dibe ku toreke ewlehiy\u00ea ya abor\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee wesayeta siyas\u00ee peyda bikin.<\/p>\n

Dema ku t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn, ji serkeftin\u00ea dilovantir be <\/strong><\/p>\n

Hin k\u00eal\u00ee hene dibe ku t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn ji bo neteweyan ji serkeftin\u00ea, ba\u015ftir be. T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn bi xwezay\u00ee ne nirxek e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ew potansiyel\u00ea e\u015fkere dike an j\u00ee veguher\u00een\u00ea dide destp\u00eakirin. T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn j\u00ee neteweyan \u015fekil dide \u00fb carinan – di wateyek d\u00eerok\u00ee de, li gor\u00ee \u00e7erx\u00ean dir\u00eaj \u00ean dem\u00ea – ew ji serkeftin\u00ea berhemdartir e.<\/p>\n

Gelo japoniyan dikar\u00eeb\u00fbn m\u00fbc\u00eezeya xwe ya abor\u00ee \u00e7\u00eabikin, eger ne ji ber t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna wan di \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Duyem\u00een de b\u00fbye? Herwiha, gelo p\u00eakan b\u00fb almanan demokrasiya xwe ya aram \u00e7\u00eabikirine, eger ne ji ber t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna naziyan b\u00fbye? Gelo tikran dikar\u00eeb\u00fbn dewleta xwe ya netewey\u00ee ava bikirine, eger ne ji ber r\u00fbxandina x\u00eelafeta Osman\u00ee b\u00fbye? Bi her away\u00ee ev mijar\u00ean nakok in \u00fb em ji wan ti\u015ft\u00ea ku bi xeta raman\u00ea ya di v\u00ea gotar\u00ea de lihevhat\u00ee ye digirin.<\/p>\n

Immanuel \u00a0Wallerstein v\u00ea paradoks\u00ea wiha tekez dikin: Daketina Amer\u00eekay\u00ea \u00fb pa\u015fdeveki\u015f\u00eena serweriya w\u00ea, di k\u00ealiya serkeftina w\u00ea di \u015fer\u00ea sar de, dest p\u00ea kir. Serkeftin dibe ku bibe destp\u00eakirina t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea eger ku ba\u015f ney\u00ea bir\u00eavebirin, herwiha dibe ku t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn j\u00ee bibe destp\u00eakirina serkeftin\u00ea, eger ku ba\u015f hate bikaran\u00een. Emmanuel Todd di anal\u00eeza xwe ya rew\u015fa hey\u00ee ya Rojava de n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek wiha digire.<\/p>\n

P\u00eancem: Serweriya hundir\u00een: Alternat\u00eefek ji bo mentiqa radestb\u00fbn\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00eeroka her\u00eam\u00ea hi\u015fyar\u00ee li ser xeteriyeke rasteq\u00een dide: Dibe ku may\u00een bih\u00eale xweku\u015ftina stratej\u00eek, ji ber t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea, p\u00eak were. Di destp\u00eak\u00ean sedsala bor\u00ee de, n\u00eeqa\u015f derbar\u00ea h\u00eaza ku serwer\u00ee li ser rojhilat bike, germ b\u00fb. Tirkan mandata amer\u00eekay\u00ee li ser welat\u00ea xwe terc\u00eeh dikirin, l\u00ea ereb\u00ean \u015eam\u00ea di navbera du meyl\u00ean de b\u00fbn: Yek mandata br\u00eetan\u00ee terc\u00eeh dikir, ya din j\u00ee ya frans\u00ee. Kesayetiy\u00ean navdar li \u015eam, Bexda, Or\u015fel\u00eem \u00fb Beyr\u00fbt\u00ea di qeb\u00fblkirina Peymana Sykes-Picot de tu pirsgir\u00eak ned\u00eetin, m\u00eena ku Prens Faisal di qeb\u00fblkirina bi Chaim Weizmann re li ser heb\u00fbna tevgera siyon\u00eest li Filist\u00een\u00ea de tu pirsgir\u00eak ned\u00eet.<\/p>\n

Ev r\u00eabaz\u00ea bersivday\u00eena bi aloz, div\u00ea were derbaskirin. Serweriya rasteq\u00een, ji masey\u00ean dan\u00fbstandinan \u00ean navdewlet\u00ee ney\u00ea standin, l\u00ea di wijdana bingeha civak\u00ee de, t\u00ea bidestxistin. Dewleta ku rewab\u00fbna xwe ji hundir digire, bi r\u00eaya peymaneke civak\u00ee ya rasteq\u00een, xwed\u00ee parastintek\u00ea ye ku “pa\u015fdeveki\u015fandina stratej\u00eek” veguher\u00eene jin\u00fbvebicihb\u00fbna bi zaneb\u00fbn, berd\u00eala ku bibe jihevketina bingeh\u00een ku deriy\u00ea mandateke dervey\u00ee veke.<\/p>\n

“Serweriya navxwey\u00ee” t\u00ea \u00e7i watey\u00ea?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00eageha “serweriya navxwey\u00ee” (ku ji “hundir\u00een” t\u00ea wergirtin, ku t\u00ea wateya “di hundir de”) p\u00eadiv\u00ee bi zelalkirin\u00ea heye: Ew ne ten\u00ea serweriya qan\u00fbn\u00ee ye, ne j\u00ee ten\u00ea naskirina navnetewey\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea \u015fiyana dewlet\u00ea ye ku “weratiy\u00ea ji hundir ve bi r\u00eaya peymanek civak\u00ee ya rast\u00een ku w\u00ea bi civaka w\u00ea ya netewey\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb nasnamey\u00ee ya cih\u00eareng ve gir\u00eadide, bi\u00e7\u00eene.” Ew li ser s\u00ea st\u00fbnan disekine:<\/p>\n

Rewatiya li ser bingeha destkeftiyan: Div\u00ea dewlet kapas\u00eeteya xwe ya dab\u00eenkirina refah, ewleh\u00ee \u00fb xizmet\u00ean bingeh\u00een ji welatiy\u00ean xwe re n\u00ee\u015fan bide, li \u015f\u00fbna ku xwe bisp\u00eare rewatiya “nameyek” an “dijminek dervey\u00ee”.<\/p>\n

Lihevhatina bi pirrengiy\u00ea re: Div\u00ea dewlet pirrengiya xwe ya netewey\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee, ol\u00ee \u00fb nasnamey\u00ee qeb\u00fbl bike \u00fb v\u00ea naskirin\u00ea werger\u00eene r\u00eaziknamey\u00ean saz\u00fbman\u00ee (federal\u00eezm, otonom\u00ee, tems\u00eeliyeta wekhev) li \u015f\u00fbna ku hewl bide nasnameyek yekane ferz bike.<\/p>\n

Serxweb\u00fbn di biryardan\u00ea de: \u015eiyana dewletek\u00ea ji bo girtina biryar\u00ean stratej\u00eek ji h\u00eaza w\u00ea ya navxwey\u00ee \u00fb hevgirtina w\u00ea ya civak\u00ee t\u00ea, ne ji raz\u00eekirina h\u00eazeke dervey\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Ev serweriya navxwey\u00ee r\u00ea li ber dubareb\u00fbna senaryoya 1919an digire, ku el\u00eet\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee “mandat” ji “anar\u015fiy\u00ea” terc\u00eeh kirin ji ber ku t\u00eagiha dewleta ni\u015ftiman\u00ee h\u00een di hi\u015fmendiya wan de negiha\u015ftib\u00fb.<\/p>\n

Ji biyanb\u00fbna jiyan\u00ee ber bi rewatiya li ser bingeha destkeftin\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Li gor\u00ee mantiqa v\u00ea anal\u00eez\u00ea, ti\u015ft\u00ea ku \u00eero \u00ceran hewce dike ev serweriya hundir\u00een e: Serweriya ku ji hundir, ji lihevhatina dewlet\u00ea bi civaka xwe re derdikeve – civakek ji nasname, etn\u00ees\u00eete, t\u00eagiha\u015ftin \u00fb arastey\u00ean cih\u00eareng, wek\u00ee ku gelek caran hatiye destn\u00ee\u015fankirin – \u00fb ji \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya bic\u00eehan\u00eena hewcedariy\u00ean gel\u00ea xwe, ne ji naskirina ji h\u00eala h\u00eaz\u00ean gewre ve.<\/p>\n

Cudahiya bingeh\u00een di navbera “pa\u015fveki\u015f\u00eenek stratej\u00eek a s\u00eestemat\u00eek” de ye ku bi hi\u015fmend\u00ee windahiy\u00ean xwe bir \u00ea ve dibe \u00fb “hilwe\u015f\u00eenek avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea” ye ku pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea ferman\u00ean dervey\u00ee t\u00eane day\u00een, dewlet\u00ean bindest \u00fb fonksiyonel \u00e7\u00eadikin. Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee, bersivday\u00eena daxwaz\u00ean amer\u00eekay\u00ee, ger ew \u00e7\u00eabibe, ne hewce ye ku tesl\u00eemb\u00fbn be ger ew ji poz\u00eesyonek h\u00eaza navxwey\u00ee \u00fb v\u00eezyonek zelal a veguher\u00eena p\u00eaw\u00eest were. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev xalek nakokiy\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea ev “biyanb\u00fbna jiyan\u00ee” \u00e7awa dikare ji barek\u00ee li ser rej\u00eem\u00ea veguhere “h\u00eazek zext\u00ea” ku w\u00ea ne\u00e7ar dike ku ber bi “rewatiya li ser bingeha destkeftiyan” ve bi\u00e7e? Gel\u00ea \u00ceran\u00ea \u00eero ji valahiyek k\u00fbr di navbera h\u00eav\u00ee \u00fb rastiy\u00ea de diki\u015f\u00eene: Soza “dadmendiya civak\u00ee”, “serxweb\u00fbn” \u00fb “r\u00fbmet” ji wan re hat day\u00een, l\u00ea ew bi enflasyon\u00ean z\u00eade, b\u00eakariya bilind \u00fb cezay\u00ean seqet re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb ne. Ev biyanb\u00fbna jiyan\u00ee – heke ew veguhere zexta civak\u00ee ya r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee – dikare el\u00eetan ne\u00e7ar bike ku p\u00ea\u015f\u00eeniy\u00ean xwe ji n\u00fb ve binirx\u00eenin: Ji “\u015fore\u015f\u00ea” ber bi “avakirina dewlet\u00ea” \u00fb ji “eksena berxwedan\u00ea” ber bi “refahdariya netewey\u00ee”.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev veguher\u00een hewcey\u00ea kanal\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean rewa y\u00ean derbir\u00een\u00ea ye, ku bi piran\u00ee di rej\u00eema hey\u00ee ya \u00ceran\u00ea de tune ne. Paradoks li vir e: Rej\u00eem ji bo veguher\u00een\u00ea hewcey\u00ea “zexta gel\u00ear\u00ee” ye, l\u00ea ew ji v\u00ea zext\u00ea ditirse \u00fb w\u00ea tepeser dike an “dihew\u00eene”, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee valahiy\u00ea k\u00fbrtir dike \u00fb \u00eeht\u00eemala hilwe\u015f\u00eena kaot\u00eek z\u00eade dike ne ku veguher\u00eenek bir\u00eavebir\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Dilema pirrengiy\u00ea: Gelo \u00ceran dikare ji dava neteweya faris\u00ee bifilite?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ceran ne dewletek netewey\u00ee ya homojen e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea moza\u00eekek ji etn\u00ees\u00eeteyan e: Faris (n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 60%), azer\u00ee (16%), kurd (10%), ereb (2%), bel\u00fb\u00e7 (2%), tirkmen \u00fb y\u00ean din. Her guhertinek ber bi “dewletek netewey\u00ee” ve xetera b\u00fby\u00eena projeyek “faris\u00ee” dihew\u00eene ku etn\u00ees\u00eetey\u00ean din ji hol\u00ea radike, ku dibe ku bibe sedema hilwe\u015f\u00eena navxwey\u00ee ya wel\u00eat.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, bi awayek\u00ee ec\u00eab, rej\u00eema hey\u00ee – tev\u00ee retor\u00eeka xwe ya \u00eeslam\u00ee ya transnetewey\u00ee – ji her rej\u00eema neteweperest a faris\u00ee k\u00eamtir tepeserkirina nasnamey\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee nekiriye. Ereb, bel\u00fb\u00e7, kurd \u00fb heta azer\u00ee y\u00ean ehwaz\u00ee bi dehsalan ji marj\u00eenal\u00eezekirina \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb mane \u00fb daxwaz\u00ean wan \u00ean netewey\u00ee pir caran wek\u00ee “komploy\u00ean biyan\u00ee” an “cudakariya ajan” hatine binavkirin.<\/p>\n

Paradoksa rizgariya netewey\u00ee li vir derdikeve: Veguher\u00eena bo dewletek netewey\u00ee – eger giha ser\u00ee \u00fb ne yek faris\u00eezekir\u00ee, d\u00fbrxistin\u00ee be – dikare ji van neteweyan re derfetek d\u00eerok\u00ee bide ku maf\u00ean xwe di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek netewey\u00ee ya yekgirt\u00ee de (federal\u00eezm, otonom\u00ee, wekheviya ziman\u00ee, hwd.) \u00eed\u00eea bikin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ew dikare meyl\u00ean cudaxwaz \u00ean ku di bin kiras\u00ea “neteweya \u00eeslam\u00ee” de hatine tepeserkirin j\u00ee derx\u00eene hol\u00ea. Tirsa ji v\u00ea senaryoy\u00ea dibe ku el\u00eeta faris\u00ee biki\u015f\u00eene ku li \u015f\u00fbna sistkirina w\u00ea, dest\u00ea xwe li ser neteweperestiy\u00ea teng bike \u00fb bibe sedema \u015fer\u00ea navxwey\u00ee an j\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00een\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Benedic Anderson destn\u00ee\u015fan dike ku dewleta netewey\u00ee ya n\u00fbjen “civakek xeyal\u00ee” ye ku hewcey\u00ea vegotinek yekgirt\u00ee ye ku ji gir\u00eadan\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee derbas dibe. \u00cerana \u015fore\u015fger – heta radeyek\u00ea – di afirandina nasnameyek yekgirt\u00ee de li ser bingeha “\u00eeslam\u00ea”, xuyang\u00ean \u015f\u00ee\u00eet\u00ee \u00fb “dij-emperyal\u00eezm\u00ea” bi ser ket. L\u00ea heke ew dev ji v\u00ea vegotin\u00ea berde, k\u00eejan vegotina alternat\u00eef d\u00ea faris, azer\u00ee, kurd \u00fb ereban di bin nasnameyeke netewey\u00ee ya yekgirt\u00ee de bike yek?<\/p>\n

\u00c7areseriya teor\u00eek di modelek “dewletek federal” an “federal\u00eezma \u00e7and\u00ee” de ye ku pirrengiya netewey\u00ee nas dike \u00fb xweseriy\u00ea dide her\u00eaman di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek netewey\u00ee ya yekgirt\u00ee de. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev model baweriya hevbe\u015f di navbera navend \u00fb derdor\u00ea de hewce dike, baweriyek ku ji ber dehsalan navendkirin \u00fb tepeserkirin\u00ea hatiye xirakirin. Herwiha ew el\u00eetek siyas\u00ee j\u00ee hewce dike ku bikaribe “peymanek d\u00eerok\u00ee” p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee derdor\u00ea bike: Maf\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee y\u00ean berfirehtir di berd\u00eala dilsoziya bi dewleta navend\u00ee re. Gelo \u00ceran xwediy\u00ea el\u00eetek wiha ye? \u00db gelo aliy\u00ean hey\u00ee \u00eeradeya wan a taw\u00eez\u00ea heye? Ev pirs vekir\u00ee dim\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

\u015ee\u015fem: Aboriya berxwedan\u00ea li hember aboriya may\u00een\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kr\u00eeza rej\u00eema \u00ceran\u00ea nikare ji avahiya abor\u00ee ya ku bi dehan salan ew domandiye b\u00ea cudakirin were f\u00eamkirin. \u00ceran ne ten\u00ea “\u015fore\u015fek” e, l\u00ea “dewletek kir\u00eadar a \u015fore\u015fger” e: Bi dehsalan e ku ji bo f\u00eenansekirina projeya xwe ya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb kir\u00eena dilsoziya civak\u00ee xwe disp\u00eare dahata petrol\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Nim\u00fbneya aboriya berxwedan\u00ea: \u00c7awa kar kir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Aboriya berxwedan\u00ea” t\u00eagihek e ku ji h\u00eala el\u00eet\u00ean \u00eeran\u00ee ve ji bo danas\u00eena modela xwe ya abor\u00ee hatiye afirandin, ku li ser van bingehan hatiye avakirin:<\/p>\n

Xwe spartina li ser xwe li hember cezayan.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ftgiriya n\u00fbner\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee (Hizbullah, El-He\u015fd El-\u015eeib\u00ee, H\u00fbs\u00ee) wek\u00ee veberh\u00eananek stratej\u00eek a bi nisbeten k\u00eam-mesref (an j\u00ee qa\u015fo k\u00eam-mesref) li hember bandora her\u00eam\u00ee ya gir\u00eeng.<\/p>\n

Aboriyek neferm\u00ee ya berfireh (qa\u00e7ax\u00e7\u00eet\u00ee \u00fb \u00eest\u00eesnay\u00ean cezayan bi r\u00eaya navbeynkaran).<\/p>\n

Saziy\u00ean paralel (Weqfa Xizanan, Supara Pasdaran) ku sektor\u00ean mezin \u00ean aboriy\u00ea li dervey\u00ee \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya dewlet\u00ea ya ferm\u00ee kontrol dikin.<\/p>\n

Ev nim\u00fbne heya ku bihay\u00ean petrol\u00ea bilind b\u00fbn, ceza s\u00eenordar b\u00fbn \u00fb hin c\u00eeh\u00ea manevraya jeopol\u00eet\u00eek heb\u00fb, gengaz b\u00fb. L\u00eabel\u00ea, cezay\u00ean “zexta her\u00ee z\u00eade” y\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala r\u00eaveberiya Trump ve hatine ferzkirin, di bin r\u00eaveberiya Biden de berdewam kirin \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee vegera Trump z\u00eade b\u00fbn, hi\u015ft berdewamkirina v\u00ea nim\u00fbney\u00ea ne p\u00eakan be.<\/p>\n

N\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean abor\u00ee y\u00ean berdest (ku l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean b\u00eatir hewce dikin, l\u00ea em wan bi awayek\u00ee gi\u015ft\u00ee digirin dest) w\u00eaneyek tar\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan didin:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Enflasyon di sal\u00ean daw\u00ee de ji %40 derbas b\u00fbye, carinan giha\u015ftiye %60.<\/p>\n

\u2013 B\u00eakariya ciwanan ji %25 derbas dibe.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Nirxa b\u00eaq\u00eemetb\u00fbn\u00ea ya dirav\u00ee: Riyal\u00ea \u00ceran\u00ea ji sala 2018an vir ve ji %80 z\u00eadetir nirxa xwe winda kiriye.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Hinardekirina petrol\u00ea ji 2.5 milyon berm\u00eel di roj\u00ea de (ber\u00ee cezayan) daketiye k\u00eamtir\u00ee 500,000 berm\u00eel di roj\u00ea de di dem\u00ean l\u00fbtkey\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

\u2013 K\u00eamasiya budcey\u00ea: Hik\u00fbmeta \u00ceran\u00ea ji k\u00eamasiyeke avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea cefay\u00ea diki\u015f\u00eene ku ji h\u00eala \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean cuda ve di navbera 10 milyar \u00fb 15 milyar dolar salane de t\u00ea texm\u00een kirin.<\/p>\n

Ev hejmar ne ten\u00ea amar in; ew n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku “aboriya berxwedan\u00ea” \u00ead\u00ee nikare xwe bidom\u00eene: pi\u015ftgiriya n\u00fbner\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, berdewamiya bernameya nukler\u00ee \u00fb parastina am\u00fbrek siyas\u00ee, ol\u00ee \u00fb burokrasiy\u00ea ya mezin. Rej\u00eem bi du bijardeyan re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb ye \u00fb ev ne bi \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean \u015fer ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye: An k\u00eamkirina bi tund\u00ee ya l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbnan (tev\u00ee l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee), ku d\u00ea bibe pa\u015fveki\u015fandinek stratej\u00eek; an j\u00ee r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbna hilwe\u015f\u00eenek abor\u00ee ya berfireh ku dikare bibe sedema serhildan\u00ean gel\u00ear\u00ee y\u00ean b\u00eakontrol.<\/p>\n

Nakokiya bingeh\u00eeb: Saziy\u00ean \u015fore\u015f\u00ea li dij\u00ee dewlet\u00ea<\/p>\n

Ji hejmaran k\u00fbrtir nakokiya bingeh\u00een di navbera “saz\u00eey\u00ean \u015fore\u015fger” \u00fb “saz\u00eey\u00ean dewlet\u00ea” de heye. Li \u00ceran\u00ea, dewletek ferm\u00ee (wezaret, parlamento, hilbijartin) \u00fb “dewletek paralel” (Pasdar\u00ean \u015eore\u015f\u00ea, tor\u00ean ol\u00ee) heye. Ev saziy\u00ean paralel be\u015fek gir\u00eeng a aboriy\u00ea kontrol dikin (texm\u00een n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku Pasvan\u00ean \u015eore\u015f\u00ea bi r\u00eaya \u015f\u00eerket\u00ean xwe y\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee 20-30% ji GDP kontrol dikin) \u00fb ew bi wateya rast\u00een bac\u00ea nadin \u00fb ne j\u00ee di bin \u00e7avd\u00eariya dewleta siv\u00eel de ne.<\/p>\n

Her guhertinek ber bi “dewlet-netewey\u00ea” ve d\u00ea hilwe\u015fandina van saziy\u00ean paralel, an j\u00ee qet nebe wan bixin bin \u00e7avd\u00eariya qan\u00fbn\u00ean siv\u00eel \u00fb daray\u00ee, hewce bike. Ev t\u00ea wateya l\u00eadana berjewendiy\u00ean abor\u00ee y\u00ean el\u00eeta serdest bi xwe. \u00c7awa el\u00eetek ku h\u00eaza xwe ji van saziyan digire dikare ji bo hilwe\u015fandina wan zext\u00ea bike (an j\u00ee raz\u00ee bibe)?<\/p>\n

Li vir dilemeyek din heye: El\u00eeta abor\u00ee (Pasvan\u00ean \u015eore\u015f\u00ea \u00fb karsaz\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee w\u00ea) wek\u00ee el\u00eeta siyas\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee ye. Her reforma rast\u00een a abor\u00ee d\u00ea ji bo v\u00ea el\u00eet\u00ea wek\u00ee “xweku\u015ftina kom\u00ee” were \u015f\u00eerovekirin. Ev senaryoya “veguher\u00eena bir\u00eavebir\u00ee” h\u00een dijwartir dike: Veguher\u00een ne ten\u00ea guhertinek di retor\u00eek\u00ea de ye, l\u00ea jin\u00fbveavakirina berjewendiy\u00ean mezin \u00ean mad\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

\u00c7i dikare el\u00eet\u00ea ne\u00e7ar bike ku reform\u00ea bike?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Li gel v\u00ea dilemay\u00ea, zext hene ku dibe ku el\u00eet\u00ea ne\u00e7ar bike ku li dij\u00ee \u00eeradeya xwe reform\u00ea bike:<\/p>\n

Windab\u00fbna daray\u00ee: Bi kurtas\u00ee, pere xilas dibe. Pi\u015ftgiriya hevalbend\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee salane bi m\u00eelyaran dolar l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbn dike (texm\u00een n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku ten\u00ea pi\u015ftgiriya Hizbullah salane 700-800 m\u00eelyon dolar l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbn dike, ji bil\u00ee l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean pi\u015ftgiriya hevkar\u00ean li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ber\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena El-Esed, Iraq, Yemen, hwd.). Dema ku pere xilas dibe, hevkar \u00fb wek\u00eel winda dibin.<\/p>\n

Zexta gel: Xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean dubare ji sala 2017an vir ve (xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean li dij\u00ee l\u00ea\u00e7\u00fbna bilind a jiyan\u00ea, xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean 2019an, \u00fb xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean “Jin, Jiyan, Azad\u00ee” y\u00ean 2022yan) n\u00ee\u015fan dane ku sebra gel k\u00eam dibe. Desthilatdar dikarin xwep\u00ea\u015fandanan bitepis\u00eenin, l\u00ea ew nikarin sedem\u00ean abor\u00ee y\u00ean xwep\u00ea\u015fandanan bitepis\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Guhertina nif\u015fan: Ciwan\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea (ji %60 z\u00eadetir nif\u00fbs di bin 30 sal\u00ee de ne) \u015fore\u015f\u00ea tecr\u00fbbe nekirine \u00fb tu gir\u00eadanek hestyar\u00ee bi retor\u00eeka “berxwedan” an “serkeftin\u00ea” re tune. Ev nif\u015f kar, giha\u015ftina \u00eenternet\u00ea \u00fb azadiy\u00ean civak\u00ee dixwaze. Her rej\u00eemek ku dixwaze bij\u00ee, div\u00ea bi ziman\u00ea “refahiy\u00ea” bi v\u00ee nif\u015f\u00ee re biaxive, ne bi ziman\u00ea “namey\u00ea”.<\/p>\n

Ders\u00ean ji hilwe\u015f\u00eena rej\u00eem\u00ean m\u00eena w\u00ee: El\u00eeta \u00eeran\u00ee dib\u00eene ka \u00e7i bi ser\u00ea Yek\u00eetiya Sovyet\u00ea hat (ji ber ku nekar\u00ee reforman bike hilwe\u015fiya) \u00fb \u00e7i bi ser\u00ea \u00c7\u00een\u00ea hat (ji ber ku reform\u00ean abor\u00ee ber\u00ee ku pir dereng be p\u00eak an\u00ee, sax ma). Ev “hi\u015fmendiya berawird\u00ee” dibe ku be\u015fek ji el\u00eet\u00ea ji tirsa hilwe\u015f\u00eena tevah\u00ee ber bi reforman ve bibe.<\/p>\n

Heftem: West\u00eena p\u00ea\u015fb\u00eenkir\u00ee: Bingeha civak\u00ee wek\u00ee kirdarek\u00ee b\u00eadeng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kr\u00eeza \u00ceran\u00ea nikare ji veguher\u00een\u00ean ku di bingeha civak\u00ee de \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbne b\u00ea cudakirin, were f\u00eamkirin. T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna ontoloj\u00eek ne ten\u00ea li jor\u00ea hiyerar\u015fiya siyas\u00ee \u00e7\u00eadibe; berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew di hi\u015fmendiya mirovan de dest p\u00ea dike, ku \u00ead\u00ee xwe di projeya ku bi dehsalan enerjiya wan xwariye de nab\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Mirov\u00ea \u00eeran\u00ee \u00eero – pi\u015ft\u00ee dehsalan ji cezayan \u00fb xizaniy\u00ea – di xer\u00eebiyeke k\u00fbr de dij\u00ee: Ew xwe di navbera retor\u00eeka \u015fore\u015f\u00ea de, ku soza serkeftinek mezin dide \u00fb rastiya dijwar a jiyan\u00ea, ku tu h\u00eaviya rev\u00ea nade, as\u00ea dib\u00eene. Ev west\u00eena “xeyala kom\u00ee” ew e ku veguher\u00eena ber bi “dewletek\u00ea” – heke gengaz be – ne ten\u00ea hilbijartinek el\u00eet\u00eest dike, l\u00ea bersivek ji bo xwestekek k\u00fbr a civak\u00ee ji bo “real\u00eezm\u00ea” pi\u015ft\u00ee demek dir\u00eaj a “li bend\u00ea” \u00fb b\u00ea guman, xwestekek her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb navnetewey\u00ee. Her\u00eam \u00fb c\u00eehan dixwazin – an j\u00ee wiha t\u00ea texm\u00eenkirin – ku \u00ceran bibe hevkar, ne dijmin.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev “west\u00eena kom\u00ee” paradoksek\u00ea di hundir\u00ea xwe de hildigire: Ew h\u00eazek e ku ji bo guhertin\u00ea hewl dide, l\u00ea heke r\u00eay\u00ean ji bo \u00eefadey\u00ea neb\u00eene, ew dikare veguhere “nih\u00eel\u00eezma siyas\u00ee”. Gel\u00ea \u00ceran\u00ea \u00eero, m\u00eena gel\u00ea ereb pi\u015ft\u00ee 1918an, di navbera retor\u00eeka peyamek gerd\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb rastiy\u00ean jiyana rojane de hestek xer\u00eebiy\u00ea dij\u00een. Ev west\u00eena kom\u00ee ew e ku dikare “veguher\u00eenek ber bi dewletek\u00ea” – heger \u015fert\u00fbmerc guncaw bin – bike bersivek gengaz a gel.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, div\u00ea bandora bingeha civak\u00ee di neb\u00fbna r\u00eaxistin\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean serbixwe de z\u00eade ney\u00ea nirxandin. Xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean gel li \u00ceran\u00ea, bi piran\u00ee, tund\u00fbt\u00fbj \u00fb xweber b\u00fbn, l\u00ea r\u00eaberiyek yekgirt\u00ee \u00fb bernameyek siyas\u00ee ya alternat\u00eef tune b\u00fb. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku bingeha civak\u00ee dibe ku “aktorek b\u00eadeng” be ku ji bin\u00ee ve zext\u00ea dike, l\u00ea nikare xwe bir\u00eaxistin bike da ku guhertin\u00ea di r\u00eagezek diyarkir\u00ee de bime\u015f\u00eene. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, rola el\u00eet – an j\u00ee be\u015fek ji w\u00ea – di diyarkirina r\u00ea\u00e7a guhertin\u00ea de gir\u00eeng dim\u00eene.<\/p>\n

He\u015ftem: Felsefeya T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea yan \u015fkestin wek\u00ee kiryareke bingeh\u00een<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna mad\u00ee li hember t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna sembol\u00eek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di navbera du celeb t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbnan de ferqek bingeh\u00een heye: “T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna mad\u00ee” (windahiy\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee, windahiy\u00ean abor\u00ee, pa\u015fketina jeopol\u00eet\u00eek) \u00fb “t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna sembol\u00eek” (hilwe\u015f\u00eena \u00eedeolojiy\u00ea, hilwe\u015f\u00eena xeyala kolekt\u00eef, \u00eenkarkirina vegotina damezr\u00eener). A ber\u00ea dikare were vegerandin \u00fb dikare were derbaskirin, l\u00ea ya pa\u015f\u00een dikare bibe kujer ji ber ku ew li dil\u00ea nasname \u00fb watey\u00ea dixe.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee 1945an, Japonya t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbnek mad\u00ee ya \u015fkest\u00ee ki\u015fand: Du bombey\u00ean atom\u00ee, tesl\u00eemb\u00fbna b\u00ea \u015fert \u00fb merc \u00fb dagirkirina biyan\u00ee. L\u00eabel\u00ea, li gor\u00ee anal\u00eez\u00ea, w\u00ea t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbnek sembol\u00eek a tevah\u00ee neki\u015fand: w\u00ea \u00eemparator wek\u00ee sembola berdewamiy\u00ea parast \u00fb vegotina xwe ya netewey\u00ee ji “\u00eemparatoriyek mezin” bo “neteweyek p\u00ea\u015fkeft\u00ee ya teknoloj\u00eek” ji n\u00fb ve formule kir. Ev veguher\u00eena sembol\u00eek r\u00ea da Japonyay\u00ea ku t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna mad\u00ee bigire \u00fb w\u00ea veguher\u00eene h\u00eazek ajotin\u00ea ji bo vej\u00een\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, Yek\u00eetiya Sovyet\u00ea ber\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena xwe ya f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee \u015fkestinek sembol\u00eek ki\u015fand: Hilwe\u015f\u00eena \u00eedeolojiya komun\u00eest wek\u00ee modelek guncaw, hilwe\u015f\u00eena baweriya bi Partiy\u00ea wek\u00ee r\u00eaber\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena vegotina damezr\u00eener a “mirov\u00ea n\u00fb y\u00ea Sovyet\u00ea”. V\u00ea t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna sembol\u00eek hilwe\u015f\u00eena f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee ne\u00e7ar kir, ji ber ku pergal ber\u00ee ku h\u00eaza xwe winda bike, sedema heb\u00fbna xwe winda kir.<\/p>\n

Pirsa gir\u00eeng ji bo \u00ceran\u00ea ev e: K\u00eejan xeternaktir e, t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna mad\u00ee (windakirina armanc\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, hilwe\u015fandina bernameya w\u00ea ya nukler\u00ee) an t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna sembol\u00eek (hilwe\u015f\u00eena vegotin\u00ean “W\u00eelayeta Feqe ya \u00ceslam\u00ee” \u00fb “\u015eore\u015f\u00ea”)? Gelo ya yekem dikare wel\u00eat ji ya duyem rizgar bike?<\/p>\n

\u015eoka afir\u00eener: Dema ku pev\u00e7\u00fbn hi\u015f\u00ea siyas\u00ee azad dike<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di felsefeya siyas\u00ee de, t\u00eagiha “\u015foka afir\u00eener” an “k\u00ealiya damezrandin\u00ea” heye: Gava ku netewe ne\u00e7ar in ku texm\u00een\u00ean xwe y\u00ean bingeh\u00een ji n\u00fb ve binirx\u00eenin \u00fb bi t\u00eagiha\u015ftinek n\u00fb ya xwe \u00fb rola xwe derkevin hol\u00ea. Kr\u00eez nakokiy\u00ean vegotina kevin e\u015fkere dike \u00fb r\u00ea li ber vegotinek n\u00fb, real\u00eesttir vedike.<\/p>\n

Pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Duyem\u00een, Almanya “\u015fokek afir\u00eener” jiyan kir: \u015eoka Holokost\u00ea \u00fb \u015foka t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna tevah\u00ee ew ne\u00e7ar kir ku bi rabird\u00fbya xwe ya naz\u00ee re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb bim\u00eene. Ev r\u00fbbir\u00fbb\u00fbn – tev\u00ee dijwarb\u00fbna xwe – r\u00ea da Almanyay\u00ea ku nasnameya xwe ya netewey\u00ee li ser bingeh\u00ean demokrat\u00eek \u00fb maf\u00ean mirovan ji n\u00fb ve ava bike, w\u00ea ji “dewletek naz\u00ee” veguher\u00eene “r\u00eaberek Ewropay\u00ea”.<\/p>\n

Pirs ev e: Gelo \u015fer\u00ea hey\u00ee d\u00ea ji bo \u00ceran\u00ea “\u015fokek afir\u00eener” be? An j\u00ee d\u00ea ten\u00ea \u015fokek w\u00earanker be ku b\u00eay\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve avakirin\u00ea bibe sedema hilwe\u015f\u00een\u00ea? Cudah\u00ee di \u015fiyana el\u00eet \u00fb civak\u00ea de ye ku \u015fok\u00ea “\u015f\u00eerove bikin”: Ger ew wek\u00ee “qederek” ne\u00e7ar were \u015f\u00eerovekirin, ew \u00ea bibe sedema nihil\u00eezm \u00fb b\u00eah\u00eav\u00eetiy\u00ea. L\u00ea heke ew wek\u00ee “gavek bingeh\u00een” ji bo projeyek n\u00fb were \u015f\u00eerove kirin, dibe ku deriy\u00ea veguher\u00een\u00ea veke.<\/p>\n

Merc\u00ean veguher\u00een\u00ea: L\u00eesteyek l\u00eaveger\u00ea ji bo el\u00eet\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ger el\u00eeta \u00eeran\u00ee bixwaze t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea veguher\u00eene “kiryarek bingeh\u00een”, tam \u00e7i hewce dike? N\u00eeqa\u015f dikare li ser \u00e7ar xal\u00ean sereke were sekinandin:<\/p>\n

A yekem: Li ser asta sembol\u00eek – veqetandina p\u00eeroz ji siyas\u00ee an r\u00eaveber\u00ee<\/p>\n

El\u00eet hewce dike ku “operasyonek nazik” p\u00eak b\u00eene ku sembol\u00eezma “W\u00eelayeta Feqey\u00ea \u00ceslam\u00ee”\u00a0 wek\u00ee desthilatdariyek ol\u00ee ji r\u00eaveberiya dewlet\u00ea wek\u00ee mijarek siyas\u00ee ya asay\u00ee veqet\u00eene. Ev ne hewce ye ku were wateya rakirina saziya ol\u00ee, l\u00ea bel\u00ea t\u00ea wateya jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirina h\u00eaz\u00ean w\u00ea: Ji “desthilata mutleq” ber bi “desthilata \u015f\u00eawirmendiy\u00ea” an “sembola yekgirt\u00ee” m\u00eena rola \u00eemparator li Japonyay\u00ea an Papa li \u00cetalyay\u00ea. Ezm\u00fbna Tirkiyay\u00ea li vir k\u00earhat\u00ee ye: Ataturk ol qedexe nekir, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ol ji siyaset\u00ea derxist \u00fb saziy\u00ean ol\u00ee xist bin dest\u00ea dewlet\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Duyem: Li ser asta abor\u00ee – hilwe\u015fandina “dewleta Pasvan\u00ean \u015eore\u015f\u00ea”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her veguher\u00eenek rast\u00een hewce dike ku aboriya Pasvan\u00ean \u015eore\u015f\u00ea ji aboriya netewey\u00ee were veqetandin. Ev dikare bi van r\u00eayan were bidestxistin: \u015e\u00eerket\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee Pasvanan bi qan\u00fbn\u00ean bac \u00fb r\u00eaziknamey\u00ea ve gir\u00eabidin; veguher\u00eena Weqfa Xizanan bo saziyek p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea ya ku li ber parlamentoy\u00ea hesab dide; \u00fb vekirina qad\u00ea ji bo sektorek taybet a serbixwe. Ev p\u00eavajo d\u00ea bi berxwedanek dijwar ji aliy\u00ea el\u00eet\u00ean abor\u00ee-le\u015fker\u00ee ve were p\u00ea\u015fwaz\u00eekirin \u00fb dibe ku “peymanek” tezm\u00eenat\u00ea hewce bike: Par\u00eazbendiya qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya qism\u00ee di berd\u00eala berdana kontrola abor\u00ee de.<\/p>\n

S\u00eayem: Li ser asta siyas\u00ee – jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirina peymana civak\u00ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ceran hewcey\u00ea “peymaneke civak\u00ee ya n\u00fb” ye ku pirrengiya netewey\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee nas bike. Ev dikare were v\u00ea watey\u00ea: Dest\u00fbreke n\u00fb ku desthilat\u00ean Mur\u015fid\u00ea Bilind s\u00eenordar dike \u00fb pergaleke federal an nenavend\u00ee ku xweseriyeke berfireh dide her\u00eaman (Ehwaz, Kurdistan, Bel\u00fb\u00e7istan). Ev di heman dem\u00ea de t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku r\u00eazik\u00ean l\u00eestikek demokrat\u00eek a rast\u00een werin qeb\u00fblkirin: Hilbijartin\u00ean azad, veguhastina a\u015ftiyane ya desthilatdariy\u00ea \u00fb dadweriyeke serbixwe.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arem: Li asta her\u00eam\u00ee – jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirina “neteweya \u00eeran\u00ee”<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eaw\u00eest e ku \u00ceran “peymanek mezin” p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee c\u00eeran\u00ean xwe bike: Rewatiya rej\u00eem\u00ean ereb\u00ee y\u00ean li Kendav\u00ea nas bike, s\u00eenor\u00ean wan \u00ean navnetewey\u00ee qeb\u00fbl bike \u00fb pi\u015ftgiriya ji bo c\u00eeran\u00ean \u00e7ekdar rawest\u00eene. Ev nay\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku bi tevah\u00ee dev ji bandor\u00ea berde, l\u00ea bel\u00ea veguher\u00eene w\u00ea ji “bandora le\u015fker\u00ee-\u00eedeoloj\u00eek” bo “bandora abor\u00ee-d\u00eeplomat\u00eek” (wek\u00ee ku Tirkiya, Qeter, Erebistana Si\u00fbd\u00ee \u00fb \u00cemarat\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee y\u00ean Ereb\u00ee dikin). Ev di heman dem\u00ea de t\u00ea w\u00ea watey\u00ea ku kanal\u00ean diyalog\u00ea bi Amer\u00eekay\u00ea re li ser mijar\u00ean nukler\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee veke, l\u00ea ji poz\u00eesyonek h\u00eaza navxwey\u00ee, ne ya hilwe\u015f\u00een\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ev l\u00eeste pir ge\u015fb\u00een e \u00fb dibe ku di \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean hey\u00ee de ne gengaz xuya bike. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ew mezinb\u00fbna dijwar\u00eey\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide: veguher\u00eena p\u00eaw\u00eest ne ten\u00ea sererastkirinek takt\u00eek\u00ee ye, l\u00ea “jin\u00fbveavakirina pergal\u00ea” bi her wateya peyv\u00ea ye, bi armanca afirandina dewleteke bi pergalek siyas\u00ee ya demokrat\u00eek \u00fb civakeke piral\u00ee. Ev nikare di \u015fevek\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eabibe, ne j\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee “\u015fokek afir\u00eener” a rast\u00een ku d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea di nav el\u00eet\u00ea de diguher\u00eene, dikare \u00e7\u00eabibe.<\/p>\n

Nehem: Jin\u00fbvex\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor\u00ean nasnamey\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku \u00eero diqewime ne ten\u00ea “\u015ferek\u00ee wek\u00eel” an “t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek ji bo bandor\u00ea” ye. Ew jin\u00fbvex\u00eazkirina s\u00eenor\u00ean nasnamey\u00ea di navbera “\u015fore\u015f” \u00fb “dewlet\u00ea” de, di navbera “projeyek gerd\u00fbn\u00ee” ya li ser bingeha vegotin, t\u00eagiha\u015ftin \u00fb daxuyaniy\u00ean \u00eedeoloj\u00eek \u00ean xeyal\u00ee \u00fb “yek\u00eetiyek netewey\u00ee” ye ku t\u00ea texm\u00eenkirin ku di aliy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb demokrat\u00eek de piral\u00ee be.<\/p>\n

Ger el\u00eeta \u00eeran\u00ee dikare v\u00ea pa\u015fketin an t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea wek\u00ee “relativ\u00eete” ya projey\u00ea \u00fb “xwecih\u00eeb\u00fbna” w\u00ea di nav erdn\u00eegariya netewey\u00ee de \u015f\u00eerove bike, w\u00ea hing\u00ea \u00ceran r\u00eayek cuda hildibij\u00eare: Ronesanseke ku f\u00eam dike ku mezinb\u00fbna neteweyan ne bi berfirehb\u00fbna, l\u00ea bi h\u00eaza heb\u00fbna wan a saz\u00fbman\u00ee \u00fb refaha wan a navxwey\u00ee t\u00ea p\u00eevandin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, pirs ev e ku gelo el\u00eet ji bo v\u00ea \u015f\u00eerovekirin\u00ea j\u00eahat\u00ee ye \u00fb gelo rej\u00eem (\u00fb \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb c\u00eehan\u00ee) d\u00ea dest\u00fbr\u00ea bidin w\u00ea.<\/p>\n

\u00ceran \u00eero li ser xa\u00e7er\u00eaya du k\u00ealiy\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean li hev dicivin e: K\u00ealiya 1918an (hilwe\u015f\u00eena \u00eemparatoriyan \u00fb jiday\u00eekb\u00fbna dewlet\u00ean netewey\u00ee) \u00fb k\u00ealiya 2011-2025an (jin\u00fbvex\u00eazkirina qad\u00ean bandor\u00ea li her\u00eam\u00ea). Pa\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn an t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna hey\u00ee dikare n\u00ee\u015fana dawiya projey\u00ea be, an j\u00ee – di senaryoyeke ge\u015fb\u00eentir de, hem li hundir \u00fb hem j\u00ee li her\u00eam\u00ea – derfetek ji bo jin\u00fbvenirxandina r\u00eaya veguher\u00een\u00ea ji “nameyek\u00ea” bo “dewletek\u00ea” b\u00eay\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena tevah\u00ee ya dervey\u00ee. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev senaryo \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean objekt\u00eef \u00fb subjekt\u00eef hewce dike ku peyda nabin.<\/p>\n

Senaryoy\u00ean bi n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean hi\u015fyariya z\u00fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Senaryoya yekem (veguher\u00eena bi bir\u00eaveber\u00ee):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 N\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean z\u00fb: Guhertinek di retor\u00eeka Mur\u015fid\u00ea Bilind de ji “serkeftin” ber bi “jin\u00fbveavakirin\u00ea”, veki\u015f\u00eenek tevah\u00ee ji S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, veki\u015f\u00een\u00ean takt\u00eek\u00ee (\u00fb potansiyel gir\u00eeng) ji Iraq\u00ea (wek jin\u00fbvebicihkirina h\u00eazan ji poz\u00eesyon\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f ber bi pa\u015f ve), veb\u00fbnek b\u00eahempa ji bo welat\u00ean Kendav\u00ea (serdan\u00ean hevber di asta wez\u00eer\u00ean derve de) \u00fb guhertin\u00ean di serokatiya jor\u00een a Pasdar\u00ean \u015eore\u015f\u00ea de bi berjewendiya h\u00eaman\u00ean pragmat\u00eektir. Ev senaryoya beriya \u015ferek\u00ee potansiyel \u00ea Amer\u00eeka-\u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea li dij\u00ee \u00ceran\u00ea (dawiya sibata 2026), bi bandor \u00fb encam\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean potansiyel e.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Derfet\u00ean serkeftin\u00ea: Heger el\u00eet bikaribe veki\u015f\u00eena xwe wek\u00ee “jin\u00fbvebicihkirin\u00ea” p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f bike ne wek\u00ee “t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbnek” \u00fb heger ew toreke ewlehiya abor\u00ee ava bikin (\u00c7\u00een, R\u00fbsya, an Rojava bi r\u00eaya peymanek \u00e7areseriy\u00ea).<\/p>\n

\u2013 R\u00eesk\u00ean t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea: Ku\u015ftina kesayetiy\u00ean sereke ji h\u00eala tundrew\u00ean di nav rej\u00eem\u00ea de \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eenek abor\u00ee ya ji ni\u015fka ve ku dibe sedema xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean gel\u00ear\u00ee y\u00ean b\u00eakontrol.<\/p>\n

Senaryoya duyem (hilwe\u015f\u00eena avahiy\u00ee):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 N\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea: \u015ekestina saziy\u00ean dewlet\u00ea (nekar\u00eena hik\u00fbmet\u00ea ji bo kontrolkirina aloziy\u00ean navxwey\u00ee (abor\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee), dabe\u015fkirina Pasvan\u00ean \u015eore\u015f\u00ea di nav komik\u00ean rikber de, veguherandina xwep\u00ea\u015fandan\u00ean gel bo serhildan\u00ean \u00e7ekdar\u00ee li derdoran (Bel\u00fb\u00e7istan, Ahwaz, Kurdistan) \u00fb destwerdana rasterast a biyan\u00ee (ji bil\u00ee \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean Amer\u00eeka \u00fb \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea li ser stasyon\u00ean nukler\u00ee \u00fb petrol\u00ea).<\/p>\n

\u2013 R\u00eesk: Hilwe\u015f\u00eena dewlet\u00ea bo dewlet\u00ean pi\u00e7\u00fbk \u00ean li ser bingeha xet\u00ean netewey\u00ee an mezheb\u00ee, wesayeta biyan\u00ee ya m\u00eena Sykes-Picot \u00fb \u015ferek\u00ee navxwey\u00ee y\u00ea dir\u00eaj.<\/p>\n

Senaryoya s\u00eayem (berdewamiya bobelat\u00ee):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2013 N\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea: Z\u00eadeb\u00fbneke pir bilind a tepeserkirina ewlehiy\u00ea, z\u00eadeb\u00fbna aloziy\u00ea ya Amer\u00eeka \u00fb \u00cesra\u00eel\u00ea ji dervey\u00ee \u00ear\u00ee\u015f \u00fb \u015fer\u00ea hey\u00ee (heta n\u00eesana 2026an), avakirina hik\u00fbmeteke rizgariya netewey\u00ee li dervey\u00ee welat an li yek ji derdoran ku dikare ji desthilatdariya hik\u00fbmeta navend\u00ee veqete \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eenek abor\u00ee ya berfireh.<\/p>\n

\u2013 R\u00eesk: W\u00earankirina binesaziya dewlet\u00ea, windahiy\u00ean mirov\u00ee \u00fb mad\u00ee y\u00ean mezin \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena rej\u00eem\u00ea b\u00eay\u00ee alternat\u00eefek guncaw.<\/p>\n

Encam: T\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn wek\u00ee \u00eeht\u00eemalek\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji \u00ceran\u00ea nay\u00ea xwestin ku radest bibe, l\u00ea bel\u00ea div\u00ea bi r\u00ea ve bibe, eger ew bikare. Li vir bir\u00eavebirin t\u00ea wateya \u015fiyana veguherandina k\u00ealiya “zexta her\u00ee z\u00eade” bo k\u00ealiyek “jin\u00fbveavakirin\u00ea”. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev \u015fiyan ne hewce ye ku ji bo her rej\u00eem\u00ea hebe \u00fb ne j\u00ee di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean \u015fer \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eenan de hilbijartinek bi tevah\u00ee azad e.<\/p>\n

Dilema niha ya \u00ceran\u00ea ne ten\u00ea di kapas\u00eeteya w\u00ea ya berxwedana le\u015fker\u00ee de ye (ew \u00e7iqas dikare berdewam bike, her \u00e7end \u015fer raweste an agirbestek were \u00e7\u00eakirin?), l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de di \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya “n\u00fbner\u00eekirina” t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn an pa\u015fketin\u00ea ji h\u00eala der\u00fbn\u00ee ve \u00fb b\u00ea guman ji h\u00eala siyas\u00ee ve, l\u00ea ji perspekt\u00eefek cuda. Ger windah\u00ee wek\u00ee “dawiya p\u00eeroz” were \u015f\u00eerovekirin, rej\u00eem dikare bikeve nav nih\u00eel\u00eezma siyas\u00ee an hilwe\u015f\u00een\u00ea. L\u00ea heger ew wek\u00ee “jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirin”a projey\u00ea \u00fb “xwecihb\u00fbna” w\u00ea di nav erdn\u00eegariya netewey\u00ee (\u00fb cih\u00eareng a civak\u00ee, etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee) de were \u015f\u00eerovekirin, dibe ku deriyek\u00ee ji bo ba\u015fb\u00fbn\u00ea ji hundur\u00ea pa\u015fketin\u00ea veke, bi \u015fert\u00ea ku el\u00eetek j\u00eahat\u00ee, civakek amade \u00fb \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean guncan hebin.<\/p>\n

Ders ne di mezinahiya windab\u00fbna mad\u00ee de ye, l\u00ea di \u015fiyana “n\u00ee\u015fandana der\u00fbn\u00ee” ya w\u00ea wek\u00ee kiryarek bingeh\u00een de ye, wek\u00ee ku ber\u00ea j\u00ee hate gotin. \u015ekestinek ku ne wek\u00ee “qederek” daw\u00een, l\u00ea wek\u00ee “\u00eehtimalek” ji bo sererastkirin\u00ea t\u00ea \u015f\u00eerovekirin, ew e ku dikare derfet\u00ea bide miletan ji bo no\u015fdariya metafiz\u00eek\u00ee ya p\u00eaw\u00eest: Veqetandina p\u00eeroz ji war\u00ean siyas\u00ee an r\u00eaveber\u00ee\/dewlet\u00ea \u00fb dan\u00eena xewn\u00ea di nav s\u00eenor\u00ean \u00eehtimala jeopol\u00eet\u00eek de.<\/p>\n

Di dawiy\u00ea de, hilbijartin ne ten\u00ea di navbera \u015fer \u00fb a\u015ftiy\u00ea de ye, l\u00ea di navbera \u015f\u00eerovekirina \u015fer, bi zehmet\u00ee, tevlihev\u00ee \u00fb encam\u00ean w\u00ea, wek\u00ee “qeder” an wek\u00ee “\u00eehtimal” de ye. Ev, dibe ku paradoksa mezin a v\u00ea k\u00ealiya jeopol\u00eet\u00eek \u00fb gir\u00eeng be. Ji ber ku \u015fkestin – wek\u00ee ku d\u00eeroka dir\u00eaj f\u00ear\u00ee me dike – dibe ku ji “serkeftinek” ku civak \u00fb dewlet\u00ea j\u00ee felc dike an j\u00ee w\u00earan dike, dilovantir be. L\u00ea pirsa mezintir dim\u00eene: K\u00ee dikare di k\u00ealiya hilwe\u015f\u00een\u00ea de bir\u00eaveberiya ba\u015f garant\u00ee bike?<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eq\u00eel Se\u00eed Mehf\u00fbz Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u00ceran \u00eero r\u00fbbir\u00fbya k\u00ealiy\u00ean guhartin\u00ean bingeh\u00een t\u00ea: \u015eer ne ten\u00ea bernameya nukler\u00ee ya \u00ceran\u00ee hedef digire, l\u00ea bel\u00ea “ontolojiya r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea” bi xwe hedef digire, ji ber wek\u00ee heb\u00fbneke \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee mentiq\u00ea dewlet netewe, red dike. Dibe ku lawazb\u00fbn an j\u00ee fi\u015fara le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb abor\u00ee, bibe sedema daw\u00eeb\u00fbna […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,59],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-14375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manshet","category-nirxandin"],"yoast_head":"\nBijarey\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea y\u00ean dijwar.. Gelo \u00ceran w\u00ea r\u00eabaz\u00ea Japonyay\u00ea hilbij\u00eare? - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-191\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bijarey\u00ean \u00ceran\u00ea y\u00ean dijwar.. Gelo \u00ceran w\u00ea r\u00eabaz\u00ea Japonyay\u00ea hilbij\u00eare? - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Eq\u00eel Se\u00eed Mehf\u00fbz Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u00ceran \u00eero r\u00fbbir\u00fbya k\u00ealiy\u00ean guhartin\u00ean bingeh\u00een t\u00ea: \u015eer ne ten\u00ea bernameya nukler\u00ee ya \u00ceran\u00ee hedef digire, l\u00ea bel\u00ea “ontolojiya r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea” bi xwe hedef digire, ji ber wek\u00ee heb\u00fbneke \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee mentiq\u00ea dewlet netewe, red dike. 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