{"id":14271,"date":"2026-01-13T15:18:24","date_gmt":"2026-01-13T15:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=14271"},"modified":"2026-01-13T15:18:24","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T15:18:24","slug":"1-165","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-165\/","title":{"rendered":"“\u015e\u00eax Meqs\u00fbd” di bernameya \u015fer\u00ean dewleta navend\u00ee de"},"content":{"rendered":"

Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n

Di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean jeopol\u00eet\u00eek \u00ean hemdem de, bi taybet\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ji bo ax\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fbaziyek ji bo bandor\u00ea an j\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fankirina s\u00eenor\u00ean \u00eedar\u00ee ye. Ew veguheriye p\u00eavajoyeke tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee, hema b\u00eaje cerah\u00ee, ku armanc dike ku qada gi\u015ft\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve \u015fekil bide \u00fb naveroka w\u00ea ya siyas\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee ya cih\u00eareng ji hol\u00ea rake.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya “xeniqandina serweriy\u00ea” wek\u00ee r\u00eabazek prat\u00eek\u00ee derdikeve hol\u00ea ku t\u00eagih\u00ean xwer\u00fb y\u00ean serweriy\u00ea vediguher\u00eene prat\u00eek\u00ean zor\u00ea li ser erd\u00ea, p\u00eakhatey\u00ean civak\u00ee ne\u00e7ar dike ku bikevin hilbijartineke \u00e7\u00eakir\u00ee di navbera “radestb\u00fbna avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea” yan “qirkirina heb\u00fbn\u00ee” de.<\/p>\n

Ev anal\u00eez stratejiya “netewekirina erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea” bi perspekt\u00eefa tax\u00ean \u015e\u00eax Meqs\u00fbd \u00fb E\u015frefiy\u00ea li Heleb, bakur\u00ea S\u00fbriyay\u00ea vedikole. Ev dever wek\u00ee laboratuwarek zind\u00ee ji bo mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean kontrol\u00ea y\u00ean pirqat\u00ee y\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala hik\u00fbmeta \u015eam\u00ea ve t\u00eane bikaran\u00een, ku ji h\u00eala hevpeyman\u00ee \u00fb hevkariya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb navnetewey\u00ee ve t\u00eane pi\u015ftgir\u00eekirin, xizmet dikin. Ev stratej\u00ee bi jin\u00fbvesazkirina qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya opoz\u00eesyon\u00ea dest p\u00ea dike, w\u00ea ji aktorek siyas\u00ee vediguher\u00eene heb\u00fbnek li dervey\u00ee qan\u00fbn\u00ea. Ew bi dorp\u00ea\u00e7ek avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea berdewam dike ku rewatiya w\u00ea ya civak\u00ee bi seqetkirina xw\u00eena jiyana civaka w\u00ea yan j\u00eengeha w\u00ea ya pi\u015ftgir hedef digire. Di dawiy\u00ea de, ew bi peymanek li ser zeviy\u00ea digih\u00eaje l\u00fbtkey\u00ea ku hilbijartin\u00ean ne gengaz di navbera “windab\u00fbna bi dilxwaz\u00ee” \u00fb “tunekirina le\u015fker\u00ee” de p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike.<\/p>\n

Bi r\u00eaya v\u00ea anal\u00eez\u00ea, gotar hewl dide ku bingeh\u00ean teor\u00eek \u00fb prat\u00eek\u00ee y\u00ean v\u00ea stratejiy\u00ea e\u015fkere bike \u00fb l\u00eakol\u00een bike ka erdn\u00eegariya siyas\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb etn\u00eek\u00ee \u00e7awa ji “moza\u00eekek piral\u00ee” vediguhere girseyek monol\u00eet\u00eek \u00fb homojen. Taybetmendiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee t\u00eane j\u00eabirin \u00fb bi zor\u00ea di nav xa\u00e7er\u00eaya navend\u00eepar\u00eaziya otor\u00eeter de t\u00eane helandin, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee her \u00eeht\u00eemala dan\u00fbstandinek rast\u00een an hevkariya siyas\u00ee ji hol\u00ea radike.<\/p>\n

Katalogeke endezyar\u00ee ya kontrol\u00ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fbyer\u00ean li tax\u00ean \u015e\u00eax Meqs\u00fbd \u00fb E\u015frefiy\u00ea y\u00ean Heleb\u00ea ne ten\u00ea pev\u00e7\u00fbnek demk\u00ee b\u00fbn, l\u00ea modelek m\u00eekroskop\u00eek b\u00fb ku r\u00eabaza ku desthilatdariya de facto an hik\u00fbmeta veguh\u00eaz a li \u015eam\u00ea dixwaze di p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea de gi\u015ft\u00ee bike e\u015fkere dike. Ev model bi bingeh\u00een li ser ti\u015ft\u00ea ku James Scott wek\u00ee “endezyariya civak\u00ee ya bi zor\u00ea” bi nav dike, hatiye damezrandin, ku erdn\u00eegar\u00ee \u00fb mirov li gor\u00ee \u00eeradeya navend\u00ea, bi r\u00eaya s\u00ea qonax\u00ean yekgirt\u00ee, t\u00eane bindestkirin:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Jidestderxistina qan\u00fbn\u00ee: D\u00fbrxistina dijber ji parastin\u00ea<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    P\u00eavajo bi jin\u00fbvep\u00eanasekirina qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya “y\u00ea din” dest p\u00ea dike. Li \u015f\u00fbna ku bibin aktorek siyas\u00ee ku xwediy\u00ea maf \u00fb rewatiy\u00ea ye, ew vediguherin “m\u00eel\u00eesek neqan\u00fbn\u00ee”. Ev guhestina term\u00eenoloj\u00eek ne ten\u00ea l\u00eestikek li ser peyvan e, l\u00ea “protokolek tasfiyekirin\u00ea” ya qan\u00fbn\u00ee ye ku dibe sedema:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ji h\u00eala navnetewey\u00ee: D\u00fbrxistina wan ji parastina navnetewey\u00ee wek\u00ee “dervey\u00ee qan\u00fbn\u00ea” ne wek\u00ee aliy\u00ean pev\u00e7\u00fbnek \u00e7ekdar\u00ee.<\/li>\n
    • Ji h\u00eala retor\u00eek\u00ee ve: N\u00ee\u015fandana \u00e7alakiya le\u015fker\u00ee li dij\u00ee wan wek\u00ee “kiryarek p\u00eeroz a serweriy\u00ea”, ne \u00ear\u00ee\u015fek li dij\u00ee p\u00eakhateyek civak\u00ee.<\/li>\n
    • Ji aliy\u00ea siyas\u00ee ve: Girtina r\u00eay\u00ean dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea \u00fb pejirandina “n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya ewlehiy\u00ea” wek\u00ee yekane vebijark.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ev takt\u00eek bingeha xwe ya felsef\u00ee di t\u00eagiha “rew\u015fa awarte” de dib\u00eene, ku t\u00ea de qan\u00fbn ji bo “p\u00eadiviya serweriy\u00ea” t\u00eane rawestandin \u00fb dijber ji her parastina qan\u00fbn\u00ee b\u00eapar dim\u00eene \u00fb dibe “heb\u00fbnek taz\u00ee”.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirina bingeha pi\u015ftgiriy\u00ea: Jihevxistina bingeha pi\u015ftgiriy\u00ea \u00fb xirabkirina rewatiy\u00ea<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        T\u00eagiha dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirin\u00ea ji forma xwe ya le\u015fker\u00ee ya klas\u00eek veguheriye “dorp\u00ea\u00e7kirineke berfireh a binesaziy\u00ea” ku hedefa w\u00ea \u015fiyana r\u00eaveber\u00ee ya saz\u00ee an p\u00eakhatey\u00ea ye. Armanc li vir – li gor\u00ee teoriy\u00ean “\u015fer\u00ea n\u00fb” – ne t\u00eakbirina dijmin li qada \u015fer e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea t\u00eakbirina rewatiya w\u00ea ya civak\u00ee \u00fb \u015fikandina w\u00eaneya w\u00ea wek\u00ee par\u00eazvan an bic\u00eehker e.<\/p>\n

        Bi afirandina “valahiyek neraz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea” di navbera r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea \u00fb welatiy\u00ean w\u00ea de bi r\u00eaya k\u00eamkirina \u00e7avkaniyan \u00fb z\u00eadeb\u00fbna bihay\u00ea, “peymana radestb\u00fbn\u00ea” h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee vediguhere “daxwazek gel\u00ear\u00ee” ji bo bidaw\u00eekirina \u00ea\u015f\u00ea. Ev stratejiyek “kontrol\u00ea bi r\u00eaya westandin\u00ea” ye ku civak\u00ea ji pi\u015ftgirek r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea vediguher\u00eene \u00e7avkaniyek zext\u00ea li dij\u00ee w\u00ea, an j\u00ee bi k\u00eaman\u00ee \u00e7avkaniyek gumanbariy\u00ea di derbar\u00ea \u015fiyana w\u00ea ya dab\u00eenkirina parastin \u00fb ewlehiy\u00ea de.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Bazirganiya qad\u00ea: Hilbijartina di navbera “t\u00eakbirin” an “windab\u00fbn\u00ea” de<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Di qonaxa daw\u00ee de, desthilatdariya demk\u00ee ya hey\u00ee “bijarteyek ne gengaz” p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike ku ji bo garant\u00eekirina encameke yekane hat\u00ee \u00e7\u00eakirin: Tunekirina avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • R\u00eaya “windab\u00fbna bi xwebex\u015f”: Ev t\u00ea de k\u00eamkirina civak\u00ea bo kesan, hilwe\u015fandina saziyan, \u00fb hilwe\u015fandina sembol\u00ean ku cih\u00earengiya her\u00eam\u00ee, civak\u00ee, netewey\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee tems\u00eel dikin. Ev aktor\u00ea kom\u00ee vediguher\u00eene kes\u00ean par\u00e7eb\u00fby\u00ee di nav mak\u00eeneya desthilatdariy\u00ea de.<\/li>\n
          • R\u00eaya “tunekirina le\u015fker\u00ee”: Di rew\u015fa redkirin\u00ea de, “tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee wek\u00ee sermayeya siyas\u00ee” t\u00ea \u00e7alakkirin, ku newekheviya z\u00eade ya di desthilatdariy\u00ea de t\u00ea bikaran\u00een da ku radestb\u00fbn\u00ea ferz bike.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ev takt\u00eek bi afirandina “b\u00eah\u00eaviya \u00e7\u00eakir\u00ee” t\u00ea temamkirin, bi raz\u00eekirin an j\u00ee xapandina “yek\u00eeneya her\u00eam\u00ee” ji tecr\u00eeda w\u00ea ya navnetewey\u00ee \u00fb her\u00eam\u00ee, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee berxwedan\u00ea b\u00eawate xuya dike.<\/p>\n

            Duyem: Erdn\u00eegar\u00ee wek\u00ee blokeke yekreng<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Ezm\u00fbn\u00ean \u015e\u00eax Meqs\u00fbd \u00fb E\u015frefiy\u00ea ne armanc b\u00fbn, l\u00ea bel\u00ea laboratuwarek meydan\u00ee b\u00fbn ji bo ceribandina bandora “netewey\u00eekirin” an “girtina” erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea. Ev plan li ser n\u00ear\u00eena “navend\u00ea” ya her “\u00eest\u00eesnaya erdn\u00eegar\u00ee”, “pirrengiya civak\u00ee”, an “statuya \u00eedar\u00ee” wek\u00ee “v\u00eerusek siyas\u00ee” ye ku yek\u00eet\u00eeya h\u00eaz\u00ea tehd\u00eet dike. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea, l\u00eager\u00eena “homojen\u00eeteya bi zor\u00ea” “desteserkirina dewlet\u00ea” n\u00ee\u015fan dide, ku pirreng\u00ee wek\u00ee gefek ewlehiy\u00ea t\u00ea d\u00eetin ku hewcey\u00ea rakirin\u00ea ye, ne wek\u00ee sermayeyek netewey\u00ee ku hewcey\u00ea r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ye. Anal\u00eezek “takt\u00eeka xeniqandina serweriy\u00ea” encam\u00ean xeternak e\u015fkere dike ku ji s\u00eenor\u00ean S\u00fbriyay\u00ea w\u00eadetir di\u00e7in:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Hilwe\u015fandina t\u00eagiha dewleta modern: Ev stratej\u00ee heb\u00fbnek \u00e7ewisand\u00ee, zor\u00ea \u00e7\u00eadike ku ji dewletek li ser peymanek civak\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eektir “dewletek dagirkeriya navxwey\u00ee” ye. Rewatiya w\u00ea li ser bindestiy\u00ea ye, ne li ser lihevkirin an tems\u00eeliyet\u00ea, ew dewletek jihevket\u00ee diafir\u00eene ku di derfeta yekem a hevsengiy\u00ea de meyla hilwe\u015f\u00eena n\u00fb heye.<\/li>\n
            • Veguherandina pirrengiy\u00ea ji sermayeyek\u00ea bo s\u00fbcek\u00ee: Cudah\u00ee bi xwe dibe gefek li ser ewlehiy\u00ea \u00fb pirreng\u00ee j\u00ee s\u00fbcek e ku bi tunekirina sembol\u00eek \u00fb f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee t\u00ea cezakirin. Ev ne ten\u00ea tevna civak\u00ee hildiwe\u015f\u00eene, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de her \u00eeht\u00eemala afirandina civak \u00fb dewletek li ser bingeha pirrengiy\u00ea j\u00ee ji hol\u00ea radike.<\/li>\n
            • Nex\u015feya daw\u00een an encama w\u00ea ne “dewletek bih\u00eaz \u00fb yekgirt\u00ee” ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea “zindanek navend\u00ee ya mezin” e, ku ji h\u00eala h\u00eaz\u00ean ewlehiy\u00ea \u00fb mil\u00ees\u00ean tundrew ve t\u00ea parastin, ku ji h\u00eala mijar\u00ean tirsnak ve t\u00ea ni\u015ftec\u00eehkirin \u00fb erdn\u00eegariya w\u00ea wek\u00ee hucrey\u00ean cuda t\u00ea r\u00eavebirin. Yek\u00eet\u00ee li vir yek\u00eet\u00eeya \u00e7aren\u00fbs\u00ea di bin zilm\u00ea de ye, ne yek\u00eet\u00eeya \u00e7alakiya dilxwaz\u00ee.<\/li>\n
            • Erdn\u00eegariya qurbaniyan: Li hember projeyek j\u00eabirina berfireh, erka wijdan\u00ea mirovan dibe “vegerandina r\u00fbmet\u00ea” ji bo “erdn\u00eegariya qurbaniyan”, ango belgekirin \u00fb tomarkirina vegotin, nex\u015fe \u00fb b\u00eeran\u00een\u00ean ku ji ar\u015f\u00eev\u00ean ferm\u00ee (desthilata de facto) hatine j\u00eabirin, ne wek\u00ee celebek “nostaljiy\u00ea”, l\u00ea wek\u00ee kiryarek “berxwedana” rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ku r\u00ea li ber temamkirina \u00e7erxa j\u00eabirin\u00ea digire \u00fb \u00eeht\u00eemala p\u00ea\u015ferojek cuda dipar\u00eaze.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Di encam\u00ea de:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Takt\u00eeka “xeniqandina serweriy\u00ea” v\u00eezyonek dewlet\u00ea wek\u00ee “desthilatdariyeke mil\u00ees” e\u015fkere dike ku niha xwediy\u00ea “am\u00fbr\u00ean navend\u00ee y\u00ean tepeserkirin\u00ea” ye \u00fb hevkariy\u00ea red dike. S\u00ea qonax\u00ean ku li jor hatine behskirin “protokolek tasfiyey\u00ea ya s\u00eestemat\u00eek” tems\u00eel dikin, ku di dawiy\u00ea de armanc dike ku nex\u015feya cih\u00eareng a etn\u00eek\u00ee, netewey\u00ee, ol\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyay\u00ea ji “moza\u00eekeke pirreng” a zind\u00ee veguher\u00eene “girseyek yekgirt\u00ee \u00fb yekreng” a tepeserkirin\u00ea. Taybetmendiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee ji naveroka xwe t\u00eane valakirin \u00fb bi zor\u00ea di nav nasnameyeke navend\u00ee \u00fb ferzkir\u00ee de t\u00eane as\u00eem\u00eelekirin, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee ew bi tevah\u00ee wek\u00ee heb\u00fbn\u00ean ku dikarin \u00e7alak\u00ee an dan\u00fbstandin\u00ea bikin, t\u00eane jihol\u00earakirin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean jeopol\u00eet\u00eek \u00ean hemdem de, bi taybet\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ji bo ax\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fbaziyek ji bo bandor\u00ea an j\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fankirina s\u00eenor\u00ean \u00eedar\u00ee ye. Ew veguheriye p\u00eavajoyeke tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee, hema b\u00eaje cerah\u00ee, ku armanc dike ku qada gi\u015ft\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve \u015fekil bide […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,59],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-14271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-manshet","category-nirxandin"],"yoast_head":"\n"\u015e\u00eax Meqs\u00fbd" di bernameya \u015fer\u00ean dewleta navend\u00ee de - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-165\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""\u015e\u00eax Meqs\u00fbd" di bernameya \u015fer\u00ean dewleta navend\u00ee de - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Di \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ean jeopol\u00eet\u00eek \u00ean hemdem de, bi taybet\u00ee li S\u00fbriyay\u00ea, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ji bo ax\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fbaziyek ji bo bandor\u00ea an j\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fankirina s\u00eenor\u00ean \u00eedar\u00ee ye. 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