{"id":14211,"date":"2025-12-07T15:20:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T15:20:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/?p=14211"},"modified":"2025-12-07T16:01:25","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T16:01:25","slug":"1-149","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-149\/","title":{"rendered":"Civak \u00fb siyaset di Kurdistan\u00ea de (1914-1920)"},"content":{"rendered":"

His\u00ean Cimo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n

Li gor\u00ee mentiq\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ee, bingeheke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya rast heta asteke mezin heye, ew j\u00ee ku tevger\u00ean siyas\u00ee hesab\u00ean xwe li ser asta h\u00eaza civak\u00ea \u00fb \u015fiyan\u00ean w\u00ea ava dike, ku bikaribe t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee rake, ku j\u00ea aloziy\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean demdir\u00eaj \u00e7\u00eadibin. Di atmosf\u00eareke wek\u00ee ya Rojhilata Nav\u00een de, li hem\u00fb aliyan de bang \u00fb \u00ee\u015faret\u00ean qirkirin\u00ea li dij pirnetewe \u00fb k\u00eameteweyan hene, lewra \u015fa\u015ftiya siyas\u00ee pir giran e, di demek\u00ea de ku s\u00eestemek\u00ee navdewlet\u00ee y\u00ea ku neh\u00eale qirkirina civak\u00ee \u00e7\u00eabibe, tuneye. L\u00ea bel\u00ea, pyeman\u00ean jeopol\u00eet\u00eek\u00ee, li k\u00ealeka qirkirin\u00ean ku j\u00ea re s\u00eenor tuneye \u00e7\u00eadibin, nexasim ku r\u00eagez\u00ean mirovah\u00ee di t\u00eakiliy\u00ean navdewlet\u00ee pa\u015fde vegeriyaye \u00fb herdem ev r\u00eagez cih\u00ea g\u00fbman\u00ea b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Di nava kurdan de, anal\u00eez\u00ean civak\u00ee di nirxandina d\u00eeroka n\u00eaz de, gelek\u00ee lawaz in. Pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem, h\u00eaz\u00ean navdewlet\u00ee rikber\u00ee li ser r\u00fbbera 4 civak\u00ean sereke di erd\u00eengariya ku \u00eero bi nav\u00ea “Komara Tirkiyay\u00ea” t\u00ea naskirin, kirin, ew j\u00ee kurd, tirk, ermen \u00fb rom (y\u00fbnan\u00ee), herwiha li k\u00ealeka wan j\u00ee civaka a\u015f\u00fbr\u00ee-suryan\u00ee, ku di hesab\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ean navdewlet\u00ee de, ne sereke b\u00fb. L\u00eavegera belge, b\u00fbyer \u00fb \u00e7\u00eerokan dib\u00eajin-ku p\u00eaw\u00eestiya w\u00ea bi l\u00eakol\u00eeneke cuda heye- bernamey\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala n\u00fbner\u00ean her\u00ee tund \u00ean van \u00e7ar civakan ve hatine p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin, ji kapas\u00eeteya wan \u00fb amadeb\u00fbna wan a tehem\u00fblkirina wan, an j\u00ee pejirandina wan di rew\u015fa t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea de, derbas b\u00fbn. Nexwestina civak\u00ee ya pi\u015ftgir\u00eekirina armanc\u00ean neteweperest \u00ean tevger\u00ean wan \u00ean siyas\u00ee yek ji gir\u00eengtir\u00een r\u00eabaz\u00ean jiyan\u00ea b\u00fb ji bo van \u00e7ar civakan.<\/p>\n

Bi her hal, Kurdistan, Ermenistan, Anatolya, Ege \u00fb Kil\u00eekya, beriya kongreya lihevhatin\u00ea ya li Par\u00ees\u00ea di sala 1919an de, bi art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean navdewlet\u00ee dagirt\u00ee b\u00fbn. Art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean xwecih\u00ee j\u00ee vegeriyan Anatolyay\u00ea \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea, ku ev tevl\u00eehev\u00ee hi\u015ft hem\u00fb du sifeta bi xwe re rakin: Qurban\u00ee \u00fb tawaker\u00ea \u015fer.<\/p>\n

Piraniya caran, l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean kurdan derbar\u00ea p\u00eavajoya \u015fer\u00ea mezin (1914-1922), bala xwe didan tevger\u00ean netewey\u00ee wek\u00ee sefaret\u00ean general \u015eer\u00eef Pa\u015fa, Sey\u00eed Ebdulqadir Nehr\u00ee \u00fb malbata Bedirxan \u00fb pad\u00ee\u015fah Mehm\u00fbd El-Hef\u00eed \u00fb ji bil\u00ee wan l\u00eeder\u00ean kurdan. Dema ku helwest\u00ean siyasetmedar\u00ean kurd, wek\u00ee helwesta Seyid Ebdulqadir ji serxweb\u00fbna Kurdistan\u00ea t\u00ea anal\u00eezkirin \u00fb \u00e7awa ku di p\u00eavajoyek\u00ea de Yekitiya Osman\u00ee bijart (ango di nava dewleta osman\u00ee bi daxwaz\u00ean nenavendiya siyas\u00ee ji bo Kurdistan\u00ea), bi awayek\u00ee t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin ku “kurtb\u00een\u00ee” li beramber\u00ee bang\u00ean serxweb\u00fbna tam a ku hin siyasetmedar\u00ean kurd \u00ean hatib\u00fbn sirg\u00fbnkir\u00ee, rakirin. Bi her hal, diviyab\u00fb ku hewldanek l\u00eakol\u00eenek \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbb\u00fbye derbar\u00ea \u015fiyana civaka kurdan a ku karibin berpirsyartiya van projeyan rakin, di demek\u00ea de ku tu r\u00eagirtin li p\u00ea\u015fiya qirkirin\u00ea tuneye, nexasim ku qirkirina li dij ermenan ten\u00ea \u00e7end sal di ser re derbas b\u00fbb\u00fbn.<\/p>\n

Di l\u00eavegera hejmar\u00ean ji kovara “J\u00een” ku di navbera 1918-1919an de derketin, me gelek gotar d\u00eetin ku behsa rastiyan k\u00eam caran di anal\u00eezkirina v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de di ber\u00e7avan re derbas kirin, ew j\u00ee bir\u00e7\u00eeb\u00fbna gi\u015ft\u00ee ku ten\u00ea art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee li ber\u00ea w\u00ea dikarib\u00fbn li ber xwe bidane.<\/p>\n

R\u00fbsyaya Qeyser\u00ee di sala 1916an de, w\u00eelayeta Wan\u00ea dag\u00eer kir, tev\u00ee bajarok\u00ea Elbak \u00fb ku bi nav\u00ea “Ba\u015fkale” di belgey\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb ferm\u00ee t\u00ea naskirin. Bi p\u00ea\u015fketina r\u00fbs\u00ee di axa Kurdistan\u00ea \u00fb Ermenistan\u00ea heta sala 1917an, bi xwe re bir\u00e7\u00eeb\u00fbnek an\u00ee ku hi\u015ft be\u015f\u00ean ji civaka kurd \u00fb ermenan \u00ean ku ji \u015fer rizgar kirib\u00fbn, w\u00earan kirin.<\/p>\n

Nex\u015feya eniya le\u015fker\u00ee ya sala 1917an, t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna hem\u00fb \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean Osman\u00ee y\u00ean dijber, e\u015fkere dike. Lewra, \u015fer herdu civak kurd \u00fb ermen \u00ean di eniy\u00ean \u015fer de westandin. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de hemley\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee\u00a0 xwe ji dahatey\u00ean cotkaran \u00fb gund\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean li ser herdu aliyan xwe f\u00eenanese dikirin \u00fb Kurdistan j\u00ee berfireh b\u00fb \u00fb Ermenistana rojava xiste nava xwe li gor\u00ee nex\u015feya serwer\u00ee, pi\u015ft\u00ee ku gel\u00ea kurd hindik mab\u00fb li rojhilat\u00ea dewleta Osman\u00ee, ji hol\u00ea rabe. Li beramber\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, heb\u00fbna tirk\u00ee, rast\u00ee astenigy\u00ean heb\u00fbn\u00ea dihatin li rojavay\u00ea Anatolyay\u00ea li p\u00ea\u015fiya p\u00ea\u015fketina Y\u00fbnanistan\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Efser\u00ea bir\u00eetan\u00ee Major Charles Noel ku pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer\u00ea sala 1919an, serdana Kurdistan\u00ea kir, hejmara gund\u00ean li her\u00eam\u00ea ku xelk t\u00ea de pir b\u00fbn beriya \u015fer, d\u00eet ku ten\u00ea 7 gund ji esl\u00ea 180 gundan, t\u00ea de xelk heb\u00fbn (Hogir Tahir Tewf\u00eeq-Kurd \u00fb Pirsir\u00eaka Ermenan-r.540). Di sal\u00ean \u015fer de, r\u00eaveber\u00ea qeb\u00eeleya Heyderan Kor His\u00ean Pa\u015fa, ne\u00e7ar ma ku 12 hezar kes ji qeb\u00eeleya xwe bi r\u00ea ve birin \u00fb ber\u00ea wan dan \u00ceran\u00ea, ji bo parastina xizm\u00ean xwe ji \u00ear\u00ee\u015fa R\u00fbsyay\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Ne \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean dijber \u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ean Osman\u00ee \u00fb ne j\u00ee berxwedana gel\u00ear\u00ee y\u00ea kurdan rew\u015f guhart \u00fb metirsiya heb\u00fbn\u00ea rakir, l\u00ea bel\u00ea \u015eore\u015fa Bol\u015fev\u00eek a cotmaha 1917an li R\u00fbsyay\u00ea kurd \u00fb tirk rizgar kirin \u00fb wek\u00ee \u015eeva Qeder\u00ea b\u00fb ji bo herdu gelan, l\u00ea ji bo ermenan dojehek b\u00fb. Art\u00ea\u015fa R\u00fbsyay\u00ea ya ku heta Bedl\u00ees\u00ea bi p\u00ea\u015f ketib\u00fb ji hev hate xistin \u00fb R\u00fbsya ji \u015fer veki\u015fiya \u00fb hin general\u00ean r\u00fbs, h\u00eaz\u00ean ermenan \u00fb gurciyan organ\u00eeze kirin, ji bo parastina her\u00eam\u00ean ku r\u00fbs j\u00ea veki\u015fiyan. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, h\u00eaz\u00ean Osman\u00ee dikar\u00eeb\u00fbn ku li eniya Qefqasyay\u00ea serweriy\u00ea li ser hem\u00fb destkeftiy\u00ean art\u00ea\u015fa R\u00fbsyay\u00ea bikin.<\/p>\n

An\u00eena kesan ji gundan ji bo tevl\u00ee nava le\u015fkeriya ne\u00e7ar\u00ee bibin ya ku Enwer Pa\u015fa derxist hi\u015ft ku “Mewsima \u00e7andiniy\u00ea ya sala 1914an t\u00eak bi\u00e7e \u00fb ev yek j\u00ee rew\u015feke xerab derxist hol\u00ea. Lewra, di nava sal\u00ean \u015fer de, ya ku b\u00fb sedem m\u00ear bibin le\u015fker \u00fb lawir\u00ean ki\u015fandin\u00ea \u00fb xwel\u00eakirin\u00ea werin bikaran\u00een, hi\u015ft ku bir\u00e7\u00fbnek bi salan \u00e7\u00eabibe”( David Fromkin, Dawiya \u00cemperator\u00eeya Osman\u00ee, r. 119). Bi daw\u00eeb\u00fbna \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem di sala 1918an de, bir\u00e7\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb qirkirin di nava piraniya xelk\u00ean li Kurdistan\u00ea \u00fb Ermenistan\u00ea \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn. Herwiha, 3 art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean mezin j\u00ee derbas\u00ee Kurdistan\u00ea b\u00fbn: R\u00fbsyaya Qeyser\u00ee, Bir\u00eetaniya \u00fb Tirkiya. R\u00fbsya pi\u015ft\u00ee ku demeke kurt ketin Rewandoz \u00fb Xaneq\u00een\u00ea li Ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea, li pi\u015ft xwe xerabeke mezin hi\u015ftin \u00fb ev yek j\u00ee b\u00fb sedem ku piraniya xelk\u00ea bi hem\u00fb \u00e7\u00een\u00ean w\u00ea j\u00ee careke din bixwazin ku Tirkiyay\u00ea serwer\u00ee bike.<\/p>\n

Di mijdara 1918an de, li gor\u00ee serjim\u00eariyek\u00ea nif\u00fbsa Sil\u00eamaniy\u00ea ji 20 hezar\u00ee kes\u00ee beriya \u015fer, bibe 2500 pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer (David McDowell-D\u00eeroka N\u00fbjen a Kurdan-r. 186-187). Her sibeh\u00ea cenaze li bazar\u00ea dihatin komkirin \u00fb di hin rew\u015fan de j\u00ee xelk\u00ea cenazey\u00ean zarok\u00ean xwe y\u00ean bi\u00e7\u00fbk dixwarin. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, li bajarok\u00ea Nehr\u00ee ango bajarok\u00ea \u015f\u00eax\u00ean Neqe\u015fbend\u00ee ji 250\u00ee mal\u00ee, ten\u00ea 10 mal man. Li Rewandoz\u00ea j\u00ee, ji 2000 mal\u00ee, ten\u00ea 60 mal man. Herwiha, ji 100 gund\u00ean qeb\u00eeleya Balk, ten\u00ea 3 gund bi erd\u00ea ve neb\u00fbne yek. Di heman dem\u00ea de, ji n\u00eaz\u00ee 1000 mal\u00ee ji e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Bradost ji destp\u00eaka \u015fer ve, ten\u00ea 157 malbat sax man.<\/p>\n

Tev\u00ee \u00ea\u015f \u00fb azar\u00ean mirovah\u00ee \u00fb ko\u00e7berkirina bi dar\u00ea zor\u00ea, Wez\u00eer\u00ea Hundir\u00een Telet Pa\u015fa, projeya xwe ya guhartina demografiy\u00ea ranewestand tev\u00ee di rew\u015fa \u015fer de j\u00ee. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de giha\u015ft astek\u00ea ku bi dehhezaran ji ko\u00e7ber\u00ean ku ji \u00ear\u00ee\u015fa R\u00fbsyay\u00ea li dij rojhilat\u00ea \u00cemperatoriya Osman\u00ee reviyab\u00fbn, ji hev belav kirin.<\/p>\n

Di Kongeya Ithad \u00fb Tereq\u00ee ya sala 1927an, lihevkirin \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb ku ji n\u00fb ve e\u015f\u00eeran bi cih bikin. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, “Ger\u00eenendeya Bicihkirina E\u015f\u00eeran” ferman da ku bi dehan m\u00ear\u00ean ji e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean Amed\u00ea ko\u00e7ber\u00ee Anatolyay\u00ea bibin bi r\u00eaya Rihay\u00ea \u00fb ew ne\u00e7ar kirin ku di \u00e7andiniy\u00ea de kar bikin. R\u00eajeya van kes\u00ean ko\u00e7berkir\u00ee j\u00ee ji sed\u00ee 5 heta 10an ji nif\u00fbs\u00ea b\u00fb. Di heman dem\u00ea de, ko\u00e7ber\u00ean ku ji ber dag\u00eerkeriya R\u00fbsyay\u00ea hatin Amed\u00ea, ew j\u00ee di \u00e7andiniy\u00ea de kar bikin. Herwiha, ferman hate day\u00een ku ev kes\u00ean ko\u00e7berkir\u00ee, alav\u00ean cotkirin\u00ea \u00fb ajal bidin wan, da ku yekser dest bi \u00e7andiniy\u00ea bikin. Herwiha, ji ber k\u00eamb\u00fbn\u00ea, Ger\u00eenendetiya Iskan, biryar da ku kartol li Elaz\u00eez\u00ea were \u00e7andin \u00fb ji wir j\u00ee were hinardekirin. Tev\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee, siyset\u00ean as\u00eem\u00eelasyona netewey\u00ee h\u00eaza sereke ya li pi\u015ft sirg\u00fbnan b\u00fbn. (U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00fcr – \u00c7\u00eakirina Tirkiyaya Modern – r. 219)<\/p>\n

Dema ku sirg\u00fbnkirin dest p\u00ea kir, Talat Pa\u015fa bi xwe \u00e7avd\u00eariya bandora projeya tirkkirin\u00ea kir. Di \u00e7ileya 1916an de, w\u00ee agahdariya taybet\u00ee li ser kurd\u00ean ku li z\u00eadetir\u00ee deh w\u00eelayetan dij\u00een xwest. “\u00c7end gund\u00ean kurdan hene \u00fb li ku ne? Ni\u015ftecih\u00ean wan k\u00ee ne? Ma ew ziman \u00fb \u00e7anda xwe ya zikmak\u00ee dipar\u00eazin? T\u00eakiliya wan bi gundiy\u00ean tirk re \u00e7awa ye?” Di n\u00eesan\u00ea de, w\u00ee d\u00eesa pirs\u00ee, v\u00ea car\u00ea pirs\u00ee ka karwan\u00ean sirg\u00fbnkir\u00ee \u00e7awa \u00fb li ku t\u00eane veguhastin \u00fb gelo kurd\u00ean sirg\u00fbnkir\u00ee dest bi axaftina bi tirk\u00ee kirine. Ev m\u00eenak\u00ean ji nameyan cewhera sirg\u00fbnkirin\u00ea e\u015fkere dikin: ew \u00ear\u00ee\u015fek berfireh li ser \u00e7and \u00fb ziman\u00ea kurd\u00ee, li ser h\u00eaman\u00ean ku kurdan wek\u00ee neteweyek diyar dikin b\u00fbn. (U\u011fur \u00dcmit \u00dcng\u00fcr, \u00c7\u00eakirina Tirkiyaya Modern, r. 219)<\/p>\n

Di van \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean tirsnak, m\u00eena Armagedon\u00ea de, hejmara mirin\u00ean rojane di civakan de bi piran\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee ku \u015fer bi daw\u00ee b\u00fb j\u00ee nay\u00ea d\u00eetin. Piraniya l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean li ser \u015fer rew\u015fa nif\u00fbs\u00ea pa\u015fguh dikin, heta pi\u015ft\u00ee ku girse b\u00fbn art\u00ea\u015fa civak\u00ee ya netewey\u00ean n\u00fbjen. H\u00eajay\u00ee gotin\u00ea ye ku kovareke kurd\u00ee bi r\u00eaya du niv\u00eeskar\u00ean navdar, Memduh Sel\u00eem Bey \u00fb Kemal Fewz\u00ee, rew\u015fa v\u00ea koma kurdan nirxand.<\/p>\n

Rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ea Kurd Memduh Sel\u00eem Bey Wanl\u00ee di kovara “J\u00een” de, ku di sala 1919an de, di heman dem\u00ea de bi damezrandina Komeleya “Teal\u00ee Kurdistan” re, hatiye we\u015fandin, gelek gotar niv\u00eesandiye.<\/p>\n

Di gotarek\u00ea de ku di kovara H\u00eewar de hatiye we\u015fandin, niv\u00eeskar Newaf Ebdulah jiyana Memduh Sel\u00eem Bey n\u00eeqa\u015f kir, bi karan\u00eena xwendina xwe ya romana “Siya Ev\u00een\u00ea” ya romanniv\u00ees\u00ea kurd Mihemed Uzun. Uzun jiyana Memduh Sel\u00eem veguherand destaneke ev\u00een \u00fb \u015fer, \u00e7\u00eeroka ev\u00eena Memduh ji bo ke\u00e7eke \u00e7erkez li Antakyay\u00ea \u00e7\u00eakir. V\u00ea ev\u00een\u00ea jiyana Memduh Sel\u00eem Bey ser\u00fbbin kir dema ku w\u00ee ji Komeleya Xoyb\u00fbn\u00ea, ku p\u00ea\u015fengiya hewldan\u00ean neteweya kurd dikir, ferman wergirt ku tevl\u00ee \u015fore\u015fa li \u00c7iyay\u00ean Agiriy\u00ea bibe. W\u00ee xwe xist xizmeta General \u00cehsan N\u00fbr\u00ee Pa\u015fa, r\u00eaber\u00ea serhildana kurdan a li dij\u00ee Komar\u00ea di sal\u00ean 1926-1930\u00ee de. Li aliy\u00ea hestyar\u00ee, w\u00ee heta mirina xwe li \u015eam\u00ea di sala 1976an de jiyanek xemg\u00een jiya.<\/p>\n

Rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ea kurd \u00ea rehmet\u00ee Em\u00een Boz Arslan hejmar\u00ean kovara “J\u00een” berhev kir \u00fb bi serkeft\u00ee ew bi qa\u00e7ax\u00ee birin dervey\u00ee wel\u00eat, ku li wir li sirg\u00fbn\u00ea jiya. W\u00ee xizmeteke mezin ji bo neteweya kurd kir, di demek\u00ea de ku r\u00eaber\u00ean kurd belav b\u00fbb\u00fbn \u00fb rew\u015fa wan a daray\u00ee bi p\u00ea\u015fketina sedsala 20\u00ee re xirabtir dib\u00fb. Di hejmar\u00ean 19, 22 \u00fb 24an de, Memduh Sel\u00eem Bey bang\u00ean ku bi awayek\u00ee xuya ji \u00e7\u00eena dewlemend a kurd re hatine kirin diniv\u00eese \u00fb ji wan dixwaze ku mudaxele bikin \u00fb xelk\u00ea xwe y\u00ea ko\u00e7ber rizgar bikin. Helbestvan \u00fb rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ea kurd \u00ea ji Bidl\u00ees\u00ea, Kemal Fewz\u00ee, di v\u00ea rexneya li ser r\u00eaber\u00ean kurd de tevl\u00ee Memduh Sel\u00eem Bey dibe. Guman e ku yek ji wan j\u00ee ji rew\u015fa rast\u00een a van kurdan, ku xelk wan wek\u00ee dewlemend did\u00eet \u00fb qet li feq\u00eerb\u00fbna xwe an j\u00ee windakirina dewlemendiya xwe ya xeyal\u00ee qeb\u00fbl nedikirin, haydar neb\u00fbye. Di her rew\u015f\u00ea de, l\u00eakol\u00eena rew\u015fa daray\u00ee ya el\u00eet\u00ean kurd b\u00eatir h\u00fbrgul\u00ee hewce dike, ji ber ku rew\u015fa wan asta \u00e7alakiya neteweperwer a kurd n\u00ee\u015fan dida. Di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de, her ti\u015ft bi \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean daray\u00ee y\u00ean van axa, \u015f\u00eax \u00fb \u00e7end rew\u015fenb\u00eeran di wateya akadem\u00eek de gir\u00eaday\u00ee b\u00fb. T\u00ea zan\u00een ku \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed\u00ea P\u00eeran ber\u00ee ku kurd di sala 1925an de serhildana xwe bidin destp\u00eakirin, keriy\u00ea pez\u00ea xwe y\u00ea para du salan li Heleb\u00ea firotiye \u00fb deyn\u00ean xwe ji bazirganan berhev kiriye.<\/p>\n

Ti\u015ft\u00ean ku Memduh Sel\u00eem niv\u00eesandiye, al\u00eekariya me dike ku em banga l\u00eakol\u00eenek li ser \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean nif\u00fbsa kurd bi gi\u015ft\u00ee ber\u00ee “\u015fewitandina hi\u015fmendiya wan” berfireh bikin, bi lez \u00fb bez bigih\u00eajin encam\u00ean ku kesayetek neteweperest wek\u00ee Hesen Xeyr\u00ee berpirsiyar\u00ea hilwe\u015f\u00eena projeya dewleta kurd\u00ee di \u00eavara Peymana Lozan\u00ea ya 24\u00ea T\u00eermeha 1923yan de dib\u00eenin. Rew\u015fa kurdan di\u015fibiya rew\u015fa nif\u00fbsa gi\u015ft\u00ee ya her\u00eam\u00ea, ji S\u00fbriyay\u00ea bigire heya Lubnan, Iraq \u00fb Anatoliyay\u00ea. Bi salan, mirovan nan\u00ea genim ten\u00ea bi navber dixwarin, di \u00e7ar sal\u00ean \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem de \u00fb du sal pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015fer. Li gor\u00ee gotin\u00ean par\u00eazer \u00fb niv\u00eeskar Elaa El-Seyed ji zilamek\u00ee p\u00eer ku di w\u00ea serdem\u00ea de li Heleb\u00ea jiyaye, “xizan ji bo \u00e7\u00eakirina nan lib\u00ean ceh \u00ean ku ji zibil\u00ea hesp\u00ea le\u015fkeran dihatin av\u00eatin berhev dikirin.” W\u00eanegirek\u00ee alman hin aliy\u00ean bir\u00e7\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea di gelek w\u00eaneyan de belge kir.<\/p>\n

Di hejmara 19an de, ku bi d\u00eeroka 22\u00ea gulana 1919an e, Memduh Sel\u00eem Bey gotarek bi sernav\u00ea “Hawar” niv\u00eesandiye \u00fb daxwaza al\u00eekariy\u00ea li ser \u015fert \u00fb merc\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean li Kurdistan\u00ea di \u00eavara \u015eer\u00ea Serxweb\u00fbn\u00ea (1920) de kiriye. W\u00ee ev niv\u00ees bi ziman\u00ea tirk\u00ee ji bo kovara duziman\u00ee (kurd\u00ee-tirk\u00ee) niv\u00eesandiye:<\/p>\n

“Ger xemg\u00eeniya k\u00fbr a ku di v\u00ee \u015fer\u00ee de li her milet\u00ee belav b\u00fb, di ab\u00eedeyek\u00ea de were tems\u00eelkirin, ez \u00ea dudil\u00ee nebim ku bib\u00eajim ku \u00eefadeya her\u00ee xwe\u015f a v\u00ea karesat\u00ea d\u00ea w\u00eaneya jineke kurd a b\u00eawar ku zaroka xwe di hemb\u00eaza xwe de digire be. Ger h\u00een j\u00ee kes\u00ean ku v\u00ee \u015fer\u00ee rewa dikin hene, ku \u00ea\u015f\u00ean ku ji xeyal\u00ean her\u00ee hovane y\u00ean zaliman j\u00ee derbas dibin an\u00eene \u00fb ger kes\u00ean ku \u015fer wek\u00ee r\u00eayek ji bo bidestxistina her armancek netewey\u00ee an mirov\u00ee dib\u00eenin hene, w\u00ea hing\u00ea ez pi\u015ftrast im ku wan b\u00eazariya kes\u00ean ku j\u00ea re ko\u00e7ber t\u00ea gotin, nemaze ko\u00e7ber\u00ean kurd, ned\u00eetine. \u00db ger wan ew d\u00eetibe, b\u00ea guman dil\u00ea wan b\u00fbye kevir \u00fb hi\u015f\u00ea wan ji hi\u015fyar\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eagiha\u015ftin\u00ea re girt\u00ee ye.”<\/p>\n

N\u00eaz\u00eekatiya Memduh Sel\u00eem Beg ji bo mijara penaber\u00ean kurd \u00ean ji \u015fer n\u00ee\u015fan dide kr\u00eezek ku bi berfireh\u00ee t\u00ea zan\u00een. Ew b\u00ea h\u00fbrgil\u00ee diaxive, mijar\u00ea wek\u00ee ku ew jixwe nas be \u00fb ne hewcey\u00ee ravekirinek din be p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike. L\u00eabel\u00ea, balki\u015fandina l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea ya pa\u015f\u00ea li ser aliy\u00ea siyas\u00ee, ku d\u00eeroka w\u00ea sedsalek ber\u00ea ye, \u00ea\u015fa rojane ya nif\u00fbs\u00ea marj\u00eenal\u00eeze kiriye. Dibe ku r\u00eaber\u00ean siyas\u00ee \u00fb kesayet\u00ean kurd \u00ean w\u00ea serdem\u00ea bawer dikirin ku xilas\u00ee di serkeftina siyas\u00ee de ye \u00fb b\u00ea guman ew di \u015fopandina r\u00eayek wiha rad\u00eekal de mafdar b\u00fbn. Di dawiy\u00ea de, d\u00eeroka netewey\u00ee ya Kurd niha wek\u00ee “\u00e7\u00eeroka \u015fer” t\u00ea vegotin, b\u00eay\u00ee her hesab\u00ea civaka kurd bi tevah\u00ee. Pir hindik ti\u015ft dikarin ji jiyana rojane ya kurdan di w\u00ea serdem\u00ea de werin d\u00eetin.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, xwendina van niv\u00eesan \u00eero wan dijwar dike ku meriv f\u00eam bike. Sel\u00eem \u00fb heval\u00ea w\u00ee Kemal Fewz\u00ee li ser \u00e7i diaxivin? \u00c7ima bi deh hezaran kurd h\u00een j\u00ee di konan de li dervey\u00ee bajaran dij\u00een z\u00eadetir\u00ee salek pi\u015ft\u00ee ku \u015fer qediya? Ev faktora civak\u00ee ji vegotin\u00ean ku \u00e7\u00eeroka neteweperweriya kurd di sedsala 20\u00ee de ava dikin winda b\u00fb. Anal\u00eez b\u00eatir li dervey\u00ee b\u00fb, d\u00eeroknas \u00fb siyasetmedar\u00ean kurd vegotin\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee li dervey\u00ee civak\u00ea ava dikirin. Rexney\u00ean wan bi ten\u00ea li ser el\u00eet \u00fb serok\u00ean w\u00ea dem\u00ea b\u00fbn, bernamey\u00ean wan li gor\u00ee ti\u015ft\u00ean ku ew \u00eero rast dib\u00eenin dinirxandin, b\u00eay\u00ee ku haw\u00eerdora siyas\u00ee bi xwe l\u00eakol\u00een bikin dema ku el\u00eet\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea y\u00ean kurd bi siyaseta nasnameya netewey\u00ee \u00fb xa\u00e7er\u00eay\u00ean w\u00ea bi osman\u00eetiy\u00ea re mij\u00fbl dib\u00fbn. Bang\u00ean \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed N\u00fbrs\u00ee, hem ber\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem, bi piran\u00ee nehatin d\u00eetin. Dema ku w\u00ee ji kurdan re got ku rew\u015fa bark\u00ea\u015f\u00ean kurd li Stenbol\u00ea bifikirin, w\u00ee \u00e7i mebest dikir? Pirsgir\u00eaka bark\u00ea\u015fan \u00e7i b\u00fb? Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, pirsgir\u00eaka vegotina d\u00eerok\u00ee di tevgera neteweperwer a kurd de heta dawiya sedsala b\u00eestan ev e ku ew bi piran\u00ee ji civak\u00ea cuda ye. Hewldan\u00ean pa\u015f\u00ea hatin kirin ku haw\u00eerdora siyas\u00ee ya ku neteweperweriya kurd wek\u00ee projeyek siyas\u00ee t\u00ea de dihat p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin were nirxandin. M\u00eenak, pirsa j\u00ear\u00een dikare di derbar\u00ea b\u00fbyerek pirsgir\u00eak de were pirs\u00een: Ma \u015f\u00eereta ku Se\u00eed N\u00fbrs\u00ee di \u00eavara \u015fore\u015fa 1925an de ji n\u00fbner\u00ea \u015e\u00eax Se\u00eed P\u00eeran re dab\u00fb, ji anal\u00eeza N\u00fbrs\u00ee ya li ser \u015fiyana civak\u00ea ya hilgirtina berpirsiyariya \u015fore\u015fek wiha di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de cuda b\u00fb?<\/p>\n

*Be\u015fa duyem hefteya b\u00ea<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

His\u00ean Cimo Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Li gor\u00ee mentiq\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ee, bingeheke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya rast heta asteke mezin heye, ew j\u00ee ku tevger\u00ean siyas\u00ee hesab\u00ean xwe li ser asta h\u00eaza civak\u00ea \u00fb \u015fiyan\u00ean w\u00ea ava dike, ku bikaribe t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee rake, ku j\u00ea aloziy\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean demdir\u00eaj \u00e7\u00eadibin. Di atmosf\u00eareke wek\u00ee ya Rojhilata Nav\u00een […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14212,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[57,22],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[191],"class_list":["post-14211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dirok-u-civak","category-manshet"],"yoast_head":"\nCivak \u00fb siyaset di Kurdistan\u00ea de (1914-1920) - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nlka.net\/ku\/1-149\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Civak \u00fb siyaset di Kurdistan\u00ea de (1914-1920) - Navenda Kurd\u00ee ya L\u00eakol\u00eenan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"His\u00ean Cimo Made bi ereb\u00ee j\u00ee heye \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Li gor\u00ee mentiq\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ee, bingeheke d\u00eerok\u00ee ya rast heta asteke mezin heye, ew j\u00ee ku tevger\u00ean siyas\u00ee hesab\u00ean xwe li ser asta h\u00eaza civak\u00ea \u00fb \u015fiyan\u00ean w\u00ea ava dike, ku bikaribe t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee rake, ku j\u00ea aloziy\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean demdir\u00eaj \u00e7\u00eadibin. 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